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Package managers
From OpenVZ Wiki
With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
Contents |
Commands
| Action | RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandrake, SUSE, ... | DEB Debian, Ubuntu | Ebuild Gentoo, Sabayon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic queries | |||
| List of all installed packages | rpm -qa
| dpkg -l
| equery list
|
| List of installing packages matching substr | rpm -qa \*substr\*
| dpkg -l \*substr\*
| equery list substr
|
| Basic information about an installed package | rpm -qi package
| dpkg -p package
| -???-
|
| List of files in a given package | rpm -ql package
| dpkg -L package
| equery files package
|
| Advanced queries | |||
| Which package a file belongs to? | rpm -qf file
| dpkg -S file
| equery belongs file
|
| Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package | rpm -V package
| debsums -ca package
| equery check package
|
| Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package | rpm -q --scripts package
| less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*
| -???-
|
| Show change log for a package | rpm -q --changelog package
| zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz
| -???-
|
| Local package installation/upgrade/removal | |||
| Install a package from local package_file | rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
| dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
| -???-
|
| Upgrade a package from local package_file | rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm
| dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
| -???-
|
| Remove an installed package | rpm -e package
| dpkg -r package
| emerge --unmerge package
|
| Package installation from repositories | |||
| Install a package | yum install package
| apt-get install package
| emerge -av package
|
| Only download a package from repository, do not install | -???-
| apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[3]
| emerge -avf package[4]
|
| Get information about package interdependencies | |||
| What a given package provides? | rpm -q --provides package
| dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package
| -???-
|
| What a given package requires? | rpm -q --requires package
| dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package
| -???-
|
| Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[5]? | rpm -q --whatprovides dependency
| -???-
| -???-
|
| Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[5]? | rpm -q --whatrequires dependency
| -???-
| -???-
|
| Working with package files | |||
| Unpack a package file to local directory | rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id
| dpkg -x file.deb .
| N/A |
| Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) | rpm -K file.rpm
| -???- | N/A |
| Repository queries | |||
Find a package which /some/file belongs to
| yum provides /some/file
| apt-file search /some/file
| N/A |
Relevant directories and files
Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS
- yum config:
/etc/yum.conf. - yum repos:
/etc/yum.repos.d/. - rpm configs and macros:
/etc/rpm/,/usr/lib/rpm/, - rpm DB:
/var/lib/rpm/
Debian/Ubuntu
- List of repositories and mirror sites:
/etc/apt/sources.list,/etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
Gentoo
- emerge configs:
/etc/make.conf,/etc/portage/. - Portage tree:
/usr/portage.
Notes
- ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all it's dependencies
- ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
- ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like
perl(IO::Zlib)for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
