Package managers

From OpenVZ Linux Containers Wiki

With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.

Contents 1 Commands 2 Relevant directories and files 2.1 Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS 2.2 Debian/Ubuntu 2.3 Gentoo 3 Notes 4 See also 4.1 Debian

[edit] Commands

Action	RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ...	DEB Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ...	Ebuild Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...)	Pacman Arch Linux
Basic queries
List of all installed packages	rpm -qa	dpkg -l	equery list '*'	pacman -Qi
List of installed packages matching substr	rpm -qa \*substr\*	dpkg -l \*substr\*	equery list substr	pacman -Q | grep substr
Basic information about an installed package	rpm -qi package	dpkg -p package	eix package	pacman -Qi package
List of files in a given package	rpm -ql package	dpkg -L package	equery files package	pacman -Ql package
Advanced queries
Which package a file belongs to?	rpm -qf file	dpkg -S file	equery belongs file	pacman -Qo file
Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package	rpm -V package	debsums -ca package	equery check package
Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package	rpm -q --scripts package	less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*	cat `equery which package`
Show change log for a package	rpm -q --changelog package	zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz aptitude [-t release] changelog package	view /usr/portage/category/package/ChangeLog	pacman -Qc package
Local package installation/upgrade/removal
Install a package from local package_file	<code>rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm yum localinstall package_file*.rpm[1]	dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]	emerge --usepkg|-k package[3] emerge --usepkgonly|-K package[4]	pacman -U package
Upgrade a package from local package_file	rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm	dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]	emerge --update --usepkg|-k package[3] emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K package[4]	pacman -U package
Remove an installed package	rpm -e package yum remove|erase package[5]	dpkg -r package dpkg -P package	emerge --unmerge package emerge --prune package	pacman -R package
Package installation from repositories
Install a package	yum install package urpmi package	apt-get update && apt-get install package aptitude update && aptitude install package	emerge -av package	pacman -S package
Install a debug information files for a package	debuginfo-install package		FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av package
Only download a package from repository, do not install	First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: yum install yum-downloadonly And then: yum install|update package -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt	apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[6] aptitude download package	emerge -avf package[7]	pacman -Sw package
Get information about package interdependencies
What a given package provides?	rpm -q --provides package	dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package	equery files package (package must be installed first)	pacman -Ql package (package must be installed first)
What a given package requires?	rpm -q --requires package	dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package	equery depgraph --depth=1 package	pacman -Si package
Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[8]?	rpm -q --whatprovides dependency	dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'	equery belongs dependency
Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[8]?	rpm -q --whatrequires dependency	dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package' aptitude why package[9]	equery depends package	pacman -Qi package | grep Required
Show what prevents installation of a package	(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)	aptitude why-not package	emerge -pv package
Get package source files	yumdownloader --source package	apt-get source package	emerge -f package	abs repository/package
Working with package files
Unpack a package file to local directory	rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id	dpkg -x file.deb .	N/A	tar -xzf package if package.pkg.tar.gz or tar -xJf package if package.pkg.tar.xz
Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...)	rpm -K file.rpm (yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded)	debsums package	emerge -f package
Repository queries
Find a package in a repository which /some/file belongs to	yum provides /some/file	First run: apt-file update and then: apt-file search /some/file	N/A
Find a package based on some string or part of the string descriping it	yum search \*substr\*	apt-cache search \*substr\*	eix -S substr	pacman -Ss substr
Shows the full description of package	yum info package	apt-cache show package	eix package	pacman -Si package

[edit] Relevant directories and files

[edit] Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS

• yum config: /etc/yum.conf.
• yum repos: /etc/yum.repos.d/.
• rpm configs and macros: /etc/rpm/, /usr/lib/rpm/,
• rpm DB: /var/lib/rpm/

[edit] Debian/Ubuntu

• List of repositories and mirror sites: /etc/apt/sources.list, /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.

[edit] Gentoo

• emerge configs: /etc/make.conf, /etc/portage/.
• Portage tree: /usr/portage.
• Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): /usr/portage/packages.
• Default directory to download sources to: /usr/portage/distfiles.
• Default Portage working directory: /var/lib/portage/.

[edit] Notes

1. ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all it's dependencies
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.
5. ↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
6. ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
7. ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like perl(IO::Zlib) for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
9. ↑ Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package

[edit] See also

[edit] Debian

• Debian FAQ: package management tools
• APT HOWTO