OpenVZ Virtuozzo Containers Wiki - User contributions [en]

Virtual network device

2008-12-14T16:25:30Z

MarcinOwsiany: P-t-P means point-to-point in this context, not peer-to-peer

Virtual network device (<code>venet</code>) is the default network device for a [[container]]. This network device looks like a point-to-point connection between [[container]] and the [[CT0|host system]]. It does packet switching based on IP header. This is a default network device for container (an alternative is [[veth]] device).

Venet device is created automatically on [[container]] start. Vzctl scripts set up an appropriate IP address and other settings on venet inside a container.

== Usage ==

== Kernel module ==
First of all, check that <code>vznetdev</code> module is loaded:
<pre>
# lsmod | grep vznetdev
</pre>

If it is not, load the module:
<pre>
# modprobe vznetdev
</pre>

You might want to check /etc/init.d/vz script to make sure the module gets loaded during startup.

=== Adding IP address to a container ===
<pre>
vzctl set <CTID> --ipadd <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]
</pre>

{{Note|This option is incremental, so IP addresses are added to already existing ones.}}

==== Example ====
<pre>
vzctl set 101 --ipadd 10.0.0.1 --save
</pre>
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be added to container 101 and IP configuration will be saved to a container configuration file.

=== Removing IP address from a container ===
<pre>
vzctl set <CTID> --ipdel <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]
vzctl set <CTID> --ipdel all [--save]
</pre>

==== Example ====
<pre>
vzctl set 101 --ipdel 10.0.0.1
</pre>
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be removed from container 101, but IP configuration will not be changed in container config file. And after container reboot IP address 10.0.0.1 will be assigned to this container again.

== See also ==
* [[Veth]]
* [[Differences between venet and veth]]

[[Category: Networking]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]

Installation on Debian/old

2008-10-15T19:09:40Z

MarcinOwsiany: fixed the link

OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.

This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] stable.

== Requirements ==

=== Filesystems ===
It is recommended to use a separate partition for container private
directories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason why you should do so is that if you wish to use OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that per-container quota in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on [[HN]].

At least try to avoid using root partition for containers because the root user of container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system.

OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems so use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota.

=== Repository setup ===

At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:

; by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
: (OpenVZ kernels only)
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian

; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs
: (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/)

{{Note|The next steps use the repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}}

{{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}

This can be achieved by the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>

There is even an '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.24. '''Use it at your own risk!'''
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs lenny openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>

== Kernel installation ==

{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (the Debian way)]].}}

First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386 only
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686
| uni- and multiprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686-bigmem
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-amd64
| uni- and multiprocessor
|
| amd64
|-
|}

<pre>
# apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>

=== Configuring the bootloader ===

In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:

<pre>
[...]
title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
savedefault
[...]
</pre>

{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}}

=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===

{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}}

Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.

== Installing the user-level tools ==

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:

; vzctl
: A utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.)
; vzquota
: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).

<pre>
# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>

== Configuring ==

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.

{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing sysctl options for openvz}}

<pre>
[...]

# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

[...]
</pre>

# [sudo] sysctl -p

{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward
compatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions
(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}

# [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz

=== OS templates ===

To install a container, you need OS template(s).

Precreated templates can be found [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].

You can create your own templates, see
[[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].

{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}

# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian

== Additional User Tools ==

; vzprocps
: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)

; [[vzdump]]
: A utility to backup and restore container.

# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump

== Start it! ==

# [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start

This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start:

# [sudo] update-rc.d vz defaults 98

== Use it! ==

After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some
[[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
It may be a good idea to [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianFirewall secure your container], if it is connected to the internet.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]

Installation on Debian/old

2008-10-15T19:05:13Z

MarcinOwsiany: Moved the iptables howto onto debian wiki. This page is not the right place for it, and it is good to know that there is more than one way to skin a cat.

OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.

This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] stable.

== Requirements ==

=== Filesystems ===
It is recommended to use a separate partition for container private
directories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason why you should do so is that if you wish to use OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that per-container quota in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on [[HN]].

At least try to avoid using root partition for containers because the root user of container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system.

OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems so use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota.

=== Repository setup ===

At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:

; by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
: (OpenVZ kernels only)
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian

; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs
: (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/)

{{Note|The next steps use the repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}}

{{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}

This can be achieved by the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>

There is even an '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.24. '''Use it at your own risk!'''
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs lenny openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>

== Kernel installation ==

{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (the Debian way)]].}}

First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386 only
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686
| uni- and multiprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686-bigmem
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-amd64
| uni- and multiprocessor
|
| amd64
|-
|}

<pre>
# apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>

=== Configuring the bootloader ===

In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:

<pre>
[...]
title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
root (hd0,1)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791
initrd /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
savedefault
[...]
</pre>

{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}}

=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===

{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}}

Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.

== Installing the user-level tools ==

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:

; vzctl
: A utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.)
; vzquota
: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).

<pre>
# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>

== Configuring ==

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.

{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing sysctl options for openvz}}

<pre>
[...]

# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

[...]
</pre>

# [sudo] sysctl -p

{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward
compatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions
(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}

# [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz

=== OS templates ===

To install a container, you need OS template(s).

Precreated templates can be found [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].

You can create your own templates, see
[[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].

{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}

# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian

== Additional User Tools ==

; vzprocps
: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)

; [[vzdump]]
: A utility to backup and restore container.

# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump

== Start it! ==

# [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start

This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start:

# [sudo] update-rc.d vz defaults 98

== Use it! ==

After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some
[[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
It may be a good idea to [[http://wiki.debian.org/DebianFirewall][secure your container]], if it is connected to the internet.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]

Installation on Debian/old

2007-09-29T14:48:30Z

MarcinOwsiany: recommend setting VZ_QUOTA to m, as otherwise the vz init script fails

= Sarge-Dapper (OldStable) =
The OpenVZ packages at http://debian.systs.org/ aimed to install OpenVZ in a easy way, some tasks are even completed during the install process!

== edit apt source settings ==
Add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"

<pre>
deb http://debian.systs.org/debian sarge openvz
</pre>

and get the new package lists

<pre>
# apt-get update
</pre>

== precompiled kernel images at debian.systs.org (dso) ==
The kernel-images on debian.systs.org (dso) use the same kernel-config taken from OpenVZ.
(most kernel-modules are built-in!)

If there is more than one CPU available (or a CPU with hyperthreading), use the kernel-smp deb.
If there is more than 4 Gb of RAM available, use the kernel-enterprise deb.
Otherwise, use the plain kernel deb (kernel).

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Kernel flavors list'''
! Kernel type !! Description !! Hardware !! Use case
|-
! -
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
|
|-
! -smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| 10-20 VPSs
|-
! -entnosplit
| SMP + PAE support
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| 10-30 VPSs
|-
! -enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| >20-30 VPSs
|}

kernel-image: i368 and amd64
<pre>
ovzkernel-2.6.9
ovzkernel-2.6.9-smp
</pre>

kernel-image: i386 only:
<pre>
ovzkernel-2.6.9-enterprise
ovzkernel-2.6.9-entnosplit
</pre>

OpenVZ tool(s) for i386 and amd64
<pre>
vzctl
vzquota
vzprocps
vzdump
</pre>

template(s) for i368 and amd64 : Debian 3.1 Minimal
<pre>
vzctl-ostmpl-debian
</pre>

== installing the kernel-images, toolset and debian-os-template ==
Example: install the stable OpenVZ kernel, tools and Debian OS Template

# aptitude install ovzkernel-2.6.9 vzctl vzquota vzdump vzctl-ostmpl-debian

If you are using GRUB, maybe you need to update the /boot/grub/menu.lst file
(can be configured at /etc/kernel-img.conf):

# /sbin/grub-update

Reboot in your new Debian Sarge OpenVZ System

# reboot

That's all :-)

Now it's time to setup your VEs with the minimal Debian-3.1 Template, create new one or download another precreated OS-Template.

= Etch (Stable) =
OpenVZ is now a part of Debian Etch repository. The packages are 'vzctl' and 'vzquota'.

== install the kernel-image ==

=== precompiled kernel images at download.openvz.org ===

A Debian OpenVZ kernel repository is online, for direct access http://download.openvz.org/kernel/debian/etch/

add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"
<pre>
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian etch main
</pre>

Update package lists
<pre>
# apt-get update
</pre>

List downloadable OpenVZ linux-images
<pre>
# apt-cache search linux-image-2.6.18-openvz
</pre>

Install a kernel
<pre>
# apt-get install <linux-image>
</pre>

=== precompiled kernel images at debian.systs.org ===

Add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"

<pre>
deb http://debian.systs.org/ etch openvz
</pre>

Add the signing key of debian.systs.org (dso) apt-keyring, (need root permissions)
<pre>
# wget http://debian.systs.org/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -q -O - | apt-key add -
</pre>

and get the new package lists

<pre>
# apt-get update
</pre>

Choose a linux image (version 028stab039.1) :
<pre>
ovzkernel-2.6.18 (i386 and amd64)
ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp (i386 and amd64)
ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise only (i386)
</pre>

# apt-get install <linux-image>

=== or build your own kernel-image (debian way) ===

To install the kernel-source and the OpenVZ kernel patch, run:
<pre>
# apt-get install kernel-package linux-source-2.6.18 kernel-patch-openvz libncurses5-dev
</pre>

Unpack the kernel source:
<pre>
# cd /usr/src
# tar xjf linux-source-2.6.18.tar.bz2
# cd linux-source-2.6.18
</pre>

You need a kernel config.
You can use the config of the debian-kernel:
<pre>
# cp /boot/config-2.6.18-5-686 .config
</pre>

Or get a 2.6.18 kernel config from http://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/
<pre>
# wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/kernel-2.6.18-028test010-i686.config.ovz -O .config
</pre>

Now you can apply the openvz kernel patch and modify your kernel-config:
<pre>
# ../kernel-patches/all/apply/openvz
# make menuconfig
</pre>

You need the following OpenVZ kernel config settings:
<pre>
(taken from OpenVZ Kernel 2.6.18-028test010.1 on 686)

Filesystem
\_ [*] Second extended fs support (CONFIG_EXT2_FS)
\_ [*] Ext3 journalling file system support (CONFIG_EXT3_FS)
\_ [M] Quota Support (CONFIG_QUOTA)
\_ [*] Compatibility with older quotactl interface (CONFIG_QUOTA_COMPAT)
\_ [*]Quota format v2 support (CONFIG_QFMT_V2)
\_ [*] VPS filesystem (CONFIG_SIM_FS)
\_ [M] Virtuozzo Disk Quota support (CONFIG_VZ_QUOTA)
\-> [*] Per-user and per-group quota in Virtuozzo quota partitions (VZ_QUOTA_UGID)

Security
\->[ ] Enable different security models

OpenVZ ... (what else :-)
\_[*] Virtual Environment support (CONFIG_VE)
\_ <M> VE calls interface (CONFIG_VE_CALLS)
\_ <M> VE networking (CONFIG_VE_NETDEV)
\_ <M> Virtual ethernet device (CONFIG_VE_ETHDEV)
\_ <M> VE device (CONFIG_VZ_DEV)
\_ [*] VE netfiltering (CONFIG_VE_IPTABLES)
\_ <M> VE watchdog module (CONFIG_VZ_WDOG)
\_ <M> Checkpointing & restoring Virtual Environments (CONFIG_VZ_CHECKPOINT)

User resources ... (User Beancounters)
\_ [*] Enable user resource accounting (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE)
\_ [*] Account physical memory usage ( CONFIG_USER_RSS_ACCOUNTING)
\_ [*] Account disk IO (CONFIG_UBC_IO_ACCT)
\_ [*] Account swap usage (CONFIG_USER_SWAP_ACCOUNTING)
\_ [*] Report resource usage in /proc (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE_PROC)
\_ [*] User resources debug features (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG)
\_ [*] Debug kmemsize with cache counters (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG_KMEM)
</pre>

INFO: Better to build the kernel-headers as well, so afterward other kernel-modules can
be built without whole kernel tree (e.g. drbd -> drbd0.7-module-source)
See also : "make-kpkg --targets"

Compile your Kernel (as user root, or you need the --rootcmd!)
<pre>
# make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd binary-arch

or all above with one step

# make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd --config menuconfig binary-arch
</pre>

Install the kernel and update initramfs:
<pre>
# dpkg -i ../linux-image-2.6.18-1-openvz_1_i386.deb
# update-initramfs -c -k 2.6.18-1-openvz
</pre>

<pre>
INFO: update-initramfs is done, when make-kpkg is use with --initrd option
INFO: update-grub can be configured by /etc/kernel-img.conf
</pre>

Update the bootloader (when not done above)

GRUB :

# /usr/sbin/update-grub

INFO: since the Debian ETCH-release the location of update-grub is moved from /sbin/update-grub to /usr/sbin/update-grub !

== Install the toolset ==

You need the toolset for managing OpenVZ Virtual Environments (VE)

<pre>
# apt-get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>

= modify needed settings =

If you want network access for the virtual server then you need to enable IP forwarding.

An old (before Etch) Debian Way: set "ip_forward" to yes in /etc/network/option.

# editor /etc/network/options

The new (from Etch) standard way is to use sysctl for this (see below).

In some cases you may need to enable proxy_arp for the network devices that you want your virtual hosts to be accessible on.
You can add this to a specific interface in the network configuration (/etc/network/interfaces) by the following lines, replace %DEV% with your device name (ie. eth0).

Example:

<pre>
[...]
# device: %DEV%
iface %DEV% inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255
gateway 192.168.2.1

up sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=100
pre-down sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=0
[...]
</pre>

or use the /etc/network/if-up/ and /etc/network/if-down.d/ directories.

<pre>
INFO: # man 5 interfaces (to read more about debian's network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown)
INFO: It is recommanded to add the magic-sysrq key, to your /etc/sysctl.conf
</pre>

a (plain) OpenVZ Linux Way:

Add settings to "/etc/sysctl.conf"

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
# net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

<pre>
INFO: Suggestion: Please make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ
(Debian vz root directory is installed FHS-like to /var/lib/vz)

# ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
</pre>

'''Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.'''

# reboot

That's all!

Now it's time to create a OS Template or download another precreated OS-Template.

INFO: Suggestions: Setup your default OS Template in /etc/vz/vz.conf

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Installation]]