OpenVZ Virtuozzo Containers Wiki - User contributions [en]

Hosting providers

2020-09-25T06:43:54Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Spain */ Actiu informatica changes name to Som Tecnologia

'''OpenVZ is free and open implementation of Virtuozzo containers for Linux.
Don't forget to keep [[testimonials|testimonial]] and [[donate]] to OpenVZ.'''

OpenVZ makes for a great hosting platform for VPS hosting. The providers below offer VPS services using OpenVZ.

[[File:UsageLocation.svg]]

= OpenVZ hosting providers =



== Andorra ==
* [https://www.actiu.net/pro/ Actiu informatica] amb servidors dins i fora del principat.

== Argentina ==

* [https://www.fulltech.com.ar/ Full Tech Solutions] Specializes in the virtualization of OpenVZ & Virtuozzo containers, installed in the Full Tech Solutions Data Center located in Villa Elisa, Entre Rios Argentina. It also offers services hosted in the United States, Netherlands and Germany
* [http://www.g2khosting.com/ G2K Hosting] offer OpenVZ containers with high level hardware technology from 25 US with Control Panel, various Linux Dists and full support.
* [https://hostingplus.com.ar/ HostingPlus Argentina] provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter in South America with triple internet provider. Starting from us20/month
* [https://ibumu.com/ Ibumu] Best containers for wordpress starting from $5.5.
* [http://www.ihserver.net/ IHServer] Specialized virtualization on OpenVZ containers at Gigared datacenter. We have in Argentina one of the better fiber connection to the US, but also provides services from LSTN in Texas.
* [https://www.infranetworking.com.ar/ Infranetworking] All our Cloud VPS container solutions for Argentine customers are powered by the all mighty OpenVZ virtualization software.
* [https://www.neolo.com/ Neolo] provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter in South America with double internet provider. Choose your Linux OS and apps. Full support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting
* [http://www.wiredhosting.com.ar/ WiredHosting] offer XEN and OpenVZ containers with SSD drives, cloudflare security and weekly backups to protect your information. Phone and Helpdesk support.

== Australia ==

* [http://www.auhost4u.com/ AUHost4u] - VPS Solutions provided from our D.C. in Sydney.
* [https://www.conetix.com.au/ Conetix Hosting] Specialising in business grade, fully managed Virtuozzo containers with Virtuzzo Cloud Storage. 100% Australian owned and operated. Brisbane based DC with Enterprise Dell servers.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS located at Equinix SY3 in Sydney, one of the best and well-connected datacenters in the region.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/australia-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Australia.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Austria ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [https://kapper.net/ kapper.net] kapper.net offers OpenVZ and Virtuozzo (and other HyperVisors) based server-solutions with kind support and 24x7 maintenance.
* [https://mdhost.eu/vserver.php MDHost.eu] New Hosting Provider with nice Prices and many Server locations. Austria, Germany, France and more.
* [https://www.snb.at/ SNB] offers OpenVZ containers and support's also existing vm's in customers environment
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/austria-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Austria.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Brazil ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.com.br/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.globalmedia.com.br/ GlobalMedia] We offers OpenVZ containers hosted on a very fast network with fast setup. Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS.
* [http://www.host1plus.com.br/ Host1Plus] Servers hosted in São Paulo. We offering reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from $5.00 per month.
* [http://www.ipdeck.net/ IPDECK] VPS Linux server from R$15,00/month! Fully customizable according to your needs.
* [https://www.quantivehost.com.br/ QuantiveHost] VPS Linux with 99.99% uptime. Prices starting from R$ 29,35.
* [https://www.elevahost.com.br/ Eleva host] Server hosted in Brazil. The best support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting
* [https://www.ferenz.com.br/ Ferenz Networks] VPS Linux with best support. Prices starting from R$ 29,90.

== Bulgaria ==

* [https://www.cloudhostinghub.com Offshore VPS Hsoting] CloudHostingHub.com is an [https://www.cloudhostinghub.com Cloud Offshore VPS Hosting] located in Buglaria. They provide both OpenVZ and KVM virtualization. CloudHostingHub.com is known for the high privacy protection , performance and stability.
* [https://www.cyberhour.com CyberHour.com] CyberHour.com is an [https://www.cyberhour.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Europe. The provide blazing fast servers and premium Bandwidth of 200Mbps. With high privacy protection.
* [https://www.linuxssdvps.com Bulgaria VPS] Linux SSD VPS is an [https://www.linuxssdvps.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [http://www.webuzo.net Bulgaria VPS] Webuzo Network is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [https://vpsbg.eu/en Bulgaria VPS] VPSBG.eu is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin.
* [http://www.bul.net/ Bul.net] Provides OpenVZ based VPS, perfect user/VPS management via [http://ispsystem.com VDSManager]. Instant creation after online payment. Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS with ISPManager Control panel. Optimal price policy.
* [http://www.cointech.eu/vps-hosting/ CoInTech] provides OpenVZ based VPS containers, free webmin managment. Containers can be CentOS, Slackware, Ubuntu, custom or our special [http://www.mandriva.com Mandriva Linux] container with own [http://mandriva.cointech.net repository].
* [http://www.rax.bg/ RAX.bg] Offers OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management, Instant setup, CentOS (OS).
* [http://www.jump.bg/ Jump.bg] Provides OpenVZ VPS servers hosted on a redundant network which provides a very easy to manage platform for all clients which gain instant access to their OS ( Ubuntu, CentOS , Debian etc ... )
* [https://www.fitvps.com/ FitVPS.com] Offers affordable and reliable OpenVZ based VPS in Varna, Bulgaria. Own data center, own multihomed network, with SLA. Instant automatic setup, SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.qhoster.com/ QHoster.com] Instant activation OpenVZ VPS in UK, USA, Germany, France and Switzerland. Both 32/64 bit OpenVZ OS VPS templates : CentOS 5/6, Debian 6/7, Ubuntu 12/13.
* [https://www.verdina.net Verdina.NET] Verdina.net offers dedicated hosting services, provided by powerful dell hardware. Servers are located in Telepoint Datacenter, a Tier 3 DC located in Sofia, Bulgaria.
* [https://www.vps.ag/ VPS.AG] Affordable and reliable OpenVZ VPS based in Sofia, Bulgaria. Instant setup and 24/7 support.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/bulgaria-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Bulgaria.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Canada ==

* [https://4goodhosting.com/linux-vps-hosting 4GooodHosting] - Canadian OpenVZ VPS Servers, Starting from $18.99/month SSD,. Canada VPS hosting in three different Canadian Data Centers with nightly backups.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting
* [https://whc.ca/canadian-cloud-servers Web Hosting Canada Cloud Servers] - Powerful Cloud servers powered by OpenVZ and located in Canadian datacenters, with fast RAID-10 storage, fully managed with cPanel.
* [http://compevo.com compevo Clustered VPS Server Hosting Provider] - We offer clustered VPS Servers to avoid downtime and dataloss. Our network and service is second to none and is used by businesses around the world.
* [http://www.datacorporate.ca/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.miditech.com/ MidiTech Hosting Canada] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech Canada are powered by VMware, . Fully Managed VPS with control panels
* [http://www.gotekky.com Gotekky Cloud VPS Hosting] High quality Cloud VPS packages powered by our own infrastructure and network in Toronto. Scalable from our $5/mo plan all the way to your own dedicated cloud server. Based on OpenVZ and our own proprietary panel.
* [https://gigebox.com GIGEBOX.COM] GIGEBOX are expert providers of secure business hosting services, we operate high-performance professional servers, specially designed for businesses, powered by the Intel(R) Xeon(R) Hexa-Core CPU Processors and 128 GB DDR3 minimum RAM. Enjoy high availability, performance and security for multiple uses.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://secure.media-hosts.com/link.php?id=7 Media-Hosts.com] Provides Quality and Scalable OpenVZ based Virtual Private Servers. 100% network uptime guaranteed. Located in Montreal Quebec with 5 Tier1 upstream providers.
* [http://www.openvz.ca OpenVZ.ca] Canadian Budget VPS Servers on OpenVZ Platform.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://protoserver.com ProtoServer] Advanced VPS Hosting from $4.95/month. Many pre-installed VPS Templates available (CMS, E-commerce, Web development, Online community, Media streaming, etc.) No bundles or service plans - mix VPS resources as needed and change VPS configuration anytime. Also offering DNS Hosting, E-mail hosting, Domains Registration.
* [http://www.vistapages.com/vps Vistapages VPS] - IBM & Dell Hardware. MCI/Verizon Backbone. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian & more. Full management available. Located in Toronto.
* [http://vpsville.ca/ VPSVille] - Good network. Good CPU. Good choice of distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, CERN. My favorite OpenVZ provider. [mailto:jak@isp2dial.com John Kelly]
* [http://solib.ca/services-offerts/hebergement-haute-vitesse/serveurs-vps/ SOLIB Logiciel Libre Québec] Our company offers DDoS protected server solutions including OpenVZ containers. Very high availability and reliability, all our VPS are located in Quebec, Canada.
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU, DDoS Protection from $4.95/month
* [https://undergroundprivate.com/russiaoffshorevps.html UndergroundPrivate.com] - OpenVZ with highly privacy, offshore , DMCA ignored , high confidence, SolusVM and cPanel, managed and non managed service.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/canada-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Canada.
* [https://websavers.ca/canadian-vps-hosting Websavers Inc in Halifax] - VZ containers priced by the resource. Resource changes entirely client-level.
* [https://www.yoorshop.fr/hosting-ssd-vps-usa-canada.php YOORshop SAS] - High performance NVMe SSD Linux VPS in Canada, daily backup included. Starting from €7,49 /month

== Colombia ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.co/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.
* [https://www.hostingplus.com.co/ Hosting Plus Colombia] provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter in South America with triple internet provider. Starting from us20/month
* [https://ibumu.com/ Ibumu] Best containers for wordpress starting from $5.5.

== Czech Republic ==

* [http://4smart.cz 4Smart.cz] - prepaid, you are charged only by the system resources you use, therefore you can run a VPS for as little as 1 EUR a month if your vps is not resource hungry. Even if you pay 0,50 EUR month, you still have 3 GB of RAM and 8 cores available to you VPS.
* [http://www.freecloud.cz FREECLOUD.CZ] - Free OpenVZ VPS Server - own IP, 800Mhz CPU, 512MB RAM, 50Mbits LAN, 10GB HDD, 100GB Traffic - Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Slackware, Fedora, Centos
* [http://www.hukot.cz Hukot.cz] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 2.92 €, XEON, 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Scientific, SuSe, Fedora, Elastix.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://www.ultimatehosting.eu UltimateHosting.eu] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from $8 with custom configuration - up to 100 GB HDD, 2048 MB RAM, 2 GHz CPU, and unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.mujhost.net MUJHOST.NET] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 160 Kč, 100Mbps / 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ...

== Chile ==

* [http://www.1h.cl/ 1h.cl Vps - Chile] - VPS High Performance with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.1hosting.cl/ 1hosting Virtual servers - Chile] - VPS Professional with OpenVZ
* [http://www.dch.cl/ DCH] - DCH.cl Hosting Chile - High Performance VPS Servers with OpenVZ
* [https://www.dominioweb.net/ Dominioweb] - Premium Hosting and domain registration
* [http://ecohosting.cl/ EcoHosting.cl Santiago - Chile] - VPS with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.host.cl/ Host.cl] - Cloud Computing
* [https://www.hostingplus.cl/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Chile
* [https://www.hostname.cl/ Hostname Ltda] - VPS Hosting with Datacenter in Chile
* [https://www.inc.cl/ INC Internet Limitada] - VPS Hosting provider in Chile

== Denmark ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/denmark-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Denmark.

== Ecuador ==

* [http://www.dedi.space/ DediSpace Telecom] - VPS Servers in Ecuador - USA, France, Germany, Ecuador Datacenter.

== France ==

* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in France from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.fixweb.com Fixweb] Great managed hosting provider with strong anti ddos solution - openvz only - leader in managed openvz solution with horizontal scaling and high availability
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Roubaix with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://www.harmony-hosting.com Harmony-Hosting] A high performance VPS hosting - The leader in France
* [https://www.delimiter.com/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [http://www.lws.fr/serveur_dedie_linux.php LWS - Linux VPS ] - Linux VPS Hosting - Only 9.99€/month, Affordable and Secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, web hosting control panel Included. French datacenter
* [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/ OVH VPS] linux from 3€/month, [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/vps-cloud.xml windows] from 12€/month.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [https://VPSZ.FR VPSZ] VPS Hosting in France. Starting from 2,99€, Unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.1euro-hosting.eu BEST EU VPS - 1€ Hosting] - Providing reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from 8€
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Shape Host - Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS
* [https://undergroundprivate.com/russiaoffshorevps.html UndergroundPrivate.com] - OpenVZ with highly privacy, offshore , DMCA ignored , high confidence, SolusVM and cPanel, managed and non managed service.
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU from $4.95/month
* [https://www.yoorshop.hosting/hosting-vps-ssd-europe.php YOORshop SAS] - High performance NVMe SSD OpenVZ 7 VPS within 13 countries in Europe, Canada and Singapore. Daily backup included. From €7,49 /month
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Germany ==

* [http://afterburst.com Afterburst (Previously FanaticalVPS)]: affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in Germany.
* [http://www.b2b-hosting.de/vps/ B2B Hosting]: Professional virtual servers for business applications. Performance and reliability at a fair price. Made with OpenVZ.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany from 1.88EUR/month.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/dedicated-servers/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Frankfurt with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://hostmist.com/openvz-vps-germany.html Host Mist]: features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting in Germany.
* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] Servers based in Frankfurt am Main. Offering reliable OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany starting from $2.50 per month.
* [http://www.hostingjuice.com/ HostingJuice] The Superioum VPS and Web Hosting provider, low prices - Premium packages.
* [http://www.ingate.de/managed-server.html Ingate] offers managed servers with openVZ virtualization. located in germany, great support.
* [http://linevast.de/angebote/linux-openvz-vserver-mieten.html Linevast] Reliable OpenVZ based VPS with fast support, located in germany
* [https://cp.myvirtualserver.com/?affid=42 MyVirtualServer]: Cheap VPS (OpenVZ/KVM, 5TB Traffic, 10Gigabit), servers located in Frankfurt (best ping, starting 1.99€) good support (en/de) //New Design!
* [https://www.nogics.com Nogics Technologies]: Affordable VPS based in Germany. Starts from $5.96/mo.
* [http://www.plambee.de/vserver.php Plambee.de Webhosting]: Powerfull OpenVZ based VPS servers at low cost with hosting in Germany
* [https://rackset.com/ Rackset Hosting] Managed Dedicated / VPS and Website Hosting services since 2004.
* [http://www.serverbiz.de/vserver Serverbiz] Powerful VPS at very low prices.
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers located in Munich Germany.
* [http://www.vStarVPS.com vStarVPS]: Reliable VPS Hosting at lowest prices, with 99.9% uptime, Premium Unmetered Bandwidth and Custom HDD/RAM of your choice. Instant and FREE Setup. RapidLeech Allowed.
* [http://whynotavps.com WhyNOTaVPS]: Instant activated VPS SERVERS!!
* [http://squote.de/index.php?ref=1421485383 SQuote]: SQuote VPS Hosting and more. VPS 1 Core, 1.024MB RAM, 512MB RAM SWAP, 50 GB HDD, 1x IPv4. 3,89EUR/month. For the best VPS SQuote.de
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/germany-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Germany.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Guatemala ==

* [http://www.globalnetcafe.com/gnc/menu/hospedaje.htm Global Net Cafe]: Servicios de hospedaje, reseller, vps, colocacion y servidores. Incluyendo OpenVZ.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Hong Kong ==

* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] features unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Hong Kong as well as 3 USA locations. Unparalleled connectivity to the Asia Pacific. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS in Hong Kong, located at the Pacnet datacenter.
* [http://vps.timway.com/linux_vps.html Timway VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold hosting provider focused on being security conscious and offering a positive client experience. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/hong-kong-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Hong Kong.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Hungary ==

* [http://elin.hu/index.php?menu=8&nyelv=hu&cim=Virtualis-szerver Virtual server] OpenVZ server: 2xX5650 Intel Xeon, 32GB RAM, 15.000rpm SAS disks, 100Mbit/s, unlimited bandwith.
* [https://www.ivirtual.co/vps-hosting/ iVirtual.co ] OpenVZ Master Server: 2x Intel Xeon @ 3.0GHZ, 64 GB ECC Ram, 15k RPM SAS HDD's, 1Gbit/s Network, Unlimited bandwith.

== Iceland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== Ireland ==

* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] First2Host provides Virtuozzo OpenVZ servers in 14 locations around the world. You choose how many vCores you require, How much Ram to deploy, Which OS you use and the connection speed together with any additional IPs you require. Free cPanel licenses on NVMe, SSD and SATA Servers
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== India ==

* [https://cochinwebhost.in/budget-vps-hosting/ Low Cost VPS Hosting] Fast SSD VPS Server for Hosting Solutions at budget prices with 24x7 Technical Support.
* [https://www.cyberhost.in/ Cyberhost] - Affordable OpenVZ containers on high performance quality Servers. Wide choice of virtual dedicated servers with Full management available.
* [http://www.datacorporate.in/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
*[http://www.fastwebhost.in/vps-hosting.html fastwebhost VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by fastwebhost are powered by ''VPS hosting, virtual server hosting and Linux VPS hosting services''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ Freaksol VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping to India,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://www.geniushost.in Genius Host] Fully managed [https://www.geniushost.in SSD Web Hosting] offered by Genius Host are powered by ''OpenVZ'' With LiteSpeed Web Server & Mariadb.
* [http://www.hioxindia.com/virtual-private-server.php VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality VPS Virtual Private Server Hosting
* [http://www.hostitsmart.com/ Host IT Smart] - One of the best VPS Hosting Provider in India with 24X7X365 Customer support.
* [https://www.hostnamaste.com HostNamaste] is your high-performance [https://www.hostnamaste.com/openvz-vps.php OpenVZ VPS Hosting] Provider. Get your perfect [https://www.hostnamaste.com/openvz-vps.php VPS Hosting] account today! Available in [https://www.hostnamaste.com/datacenter-losangeles.php Los Angeles], [https://www.hostnamaste.com/datacenter-dallas.php Dallas], [https://www.hostnamaste.com/datacenter-jacksonville.php Jacksonville], USA, [https://www.hostnamaste.com/datacenter-france.php France], Europe, [https://www.hostnamaste.com/datacenter-mumbai-pune.php Mumbai], India and [https://www.hostnamaste.com/openvz-vps-moscow-russia.php Moscow], Russia.
* [https://www.hostsoch.in/windows-hosting.html HostSoch Windows Hosting] Windows hosting offered by HostSoch are powered by ''Windows 2012, ASP.NET, MVC, IIS, PHP and More''. 99.9% Uptime, 24/7 Dedicated support guaranteed.
* [https://www.miditech.co.in/ MidiTech VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech are powered by ''VMware, ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.
* [http://www.milesweb.com/vps-hosting.php Milesweb VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by Milesweb are powered by ''VMware, OpenVZ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.
* [https://www.nogics.com/web/vps-hosting/ Nogics Technologies] Instant provisioning of VPS, VPS starts from $5.96/mo. 30+ OS templates.
* [http://overlineindia.net/vpshosting-p-62.html Overline India VPS Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ
* [http://www.prohosterz.com/linux-vps.php ProHosterZ VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality Virtual Dedicated Servers | Virtual Private Servers | XEN VPS | OpenVZ VPS | Virtual Hosting
* [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu Ap.Muthu] sponsored by [http://www.gnuacademy.org GNUAcademy], [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] and [http://www.sacollege.net S A College] creates OpenVZ Templates for the Open Source Community and provides hosting in datacenters of clients choice or on site.
* [http://www.servers.co.in/vps/vps_hosting.php Server Web Hosting] Offers Fully Managed OpenVZ VPS Web hosting in India/US/UK at affordable and cheap rates with best hardware quality and customer service 24/7/365 days
* [http://touchstone.hosting/ Touchstone Solutions Private Limited] High-performance Enterprise VPS Hosting in India. One of the highest performing VPS Servers available with cPanel Installed.
* [http://vpsbeach.com VpsBeach Managed Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/india-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in India.
* [http://www.vpshostingindia.net/ VPS Hosting India, Fully Managed Server] A Committed Fully Managed VPS Server for Hosting solution in India, Complete Technical Support assistance with commitment of fast, clustered and most supportive DataCenters.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Indonesia ==

* [https://www.herza.id/vps-murah/ Herza.ID] Low Cost OpenVZ Virtual Server, starting from IDR 50.000 / Month with RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited Bandwidth with 1 Gbps IIX & OIXP Connection, and 24/7 Technical Support.
* [https://www.kucingweb.co.id/hosting/vps/ Kucingweb Indonesia] High Performance VPS service with the best choice.

== Iran==

* [http://www.ehost.ir EHost.ir] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus , 12 Gb Ram , 100Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk
* [https://www.irpower.com IRPOWER Webhostings & Domain] - OpenVZ Servers Since 2005!
* [http://www.vpsfa.com VPSFa.com] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus - , 24Gb Ram , 1000Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk
* [https://webramz.com Webramz Host] - With more than 15 years experience in Managed Hosting, Webramz was first vps provider in Iran which used to setup OpenVZ servers. Nowadays we provide wide range of services including CloudLinux based OpenVZ and Managed Vps Servers.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Italy ==

* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] First2Host provides Virtuozzo OpenVZ servers in 14 locations around the world. You choose how many vCores you require, How much Ram to deploy, Which OS you use and the connection speed together with any additional IPs you require. Free cPanel licenses on NVMe, SSD and SATA Servers
* [http://www.hosting-italia.net hosting italia] - OpenVZ Servers and panel enduser Virtualizor Intel® Core™ i7-920 Quad-Core 48 GB DDR3 RAM - Guaranteed Bandwidth 200 Mbit/s
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/italy-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Italy.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Liechtenstein ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== Lithuania ==

* [http://www.cloudlix.com/ CloudLix.com] - Managed and unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based on 2.6.32 kernel. Up to 20GHz (Intel SandyBridge) CPU and 10GB RAM. Located in Vilnius and Siauliai.
* [http://www.databank.lt/ databank.lt] - high-quality professional OpenVZ hosting with cloud computing solutions.
* [https://www.hostens.com/vps-hosting/ Hostens] - Unmanaged VPS hosting for the great price: clear deals, no hidden conditions, quality service from the heart of Europe.
* [https://www.lavavps.lt/ lavavps.lt] - Professional high-quality OpenVZ containers (VPS servers) affordable for everyone. Powerful control panel for VPS management.
* [https://monovm.com/ monovm.com] - High Quality VPS Hosting Provider
* [http://www.serveriai.lt/ Serveriai.lt] - Affordable OpenVZ containers on quality HP hardware. Wide choice of virtual dedicated servers up to 8 CPU cores and 8 GB RAM. Full management available. Located in Vilnius.
* [https://www.time4vps.com/?affid=1359 Time4VPS] - Powerful cloud technology based infrastructure will let you build custom virtual machine and pay only for what you really need. Located in Vilnius city.(0.99€/month(2Yr) 512mbRAM, 1TB Traffic// 4.5€/month(2Yr) StorageVps, 1TB, 10TB Traffic)
* [https://www.vpsnet.lt/en/ VPSnet.lt] - Powerful and high quality servers for a competitive price in Lithuania (Eastern Europe).
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/lithuania-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Lithuania.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Latvia ==

* [http://www.altnet.lv/ Altnet] - Hosting and colocation services. Any flawor, you name it.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] First2Host provides Virtuozzo OpenVZ servers in 14 locations around the world. You choose how many vCores you require, How much Ram to deploy, Which OS you use and the connection speed together with any additional IPs you require. Free cPanel licenses on NVMe, SSD and SATA Servers

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/latvia-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Latvia.

== Luxembourg ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/luxembourg-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Luxembourg.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Malaysia ==

* [http://www.cubiex.com/ Cubiex] - Malaysia Affordable Web Hosting and Domain Name. Affordable Linux VPS Hosting in Malaysia. OpenVZ based, Quad Core Xeon node. cPanel/WHM and DirectAdmin also available.
* [https://controlvm.com ControlVM] ControlVM Sdn. Bhd. offering OpenVZ VPS in Singapore, Malaysia, USA and Germany.
* [https://www.yoorshop.fr/hosting-ssd-vps-singapore-asia.php YOORshop SAS] - High performance SSD Linux VPS In Singapore with daily backup included. Starting from €7,49 /month
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Malta ==

* [http://www.a6it.com/ A6iT] - Stable, quality managed OpenVZ VPSs based in Malta. Redundant network.

== Morocco ==

* [http://www.belsemtech.com/ BelsemTech.CoM] BelsemTech SARL offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from 300 DH. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.hostoweb.com/ HosToWeb] is the only company providing VPS hosting in Morocco Data Center.
* [http://www.adk-media.com/ ADK Media] provides affordable managed and unmanaged virtual servers based on OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM platforms. 24/7 Technical Support. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu and more.
* [http://www.naja7host.com/ Naja7Host.CoM] The Naja7host SARL provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform. Running on Full Quality Nodes of up to 8 CPU and 16 GB RAM. . All VPS's come with Real 24/7/365 Technical Support and cPanel free (if option selected ). Multiple choice of OS 32/64Bits (Centos, fedora, ubuntu, debian .ect ...)
* [http://www.lehoster.com/ Le Hoster] offers affordable Virtual Private Servers using the OpenVZ and KVM platform. Backed with our amazing customer support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Netherlands ==

* [http://www.avanpad.com/ Avanpad] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting with 24\7 online support. Customer can request different control panels or templates for installation on his VPS.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Netherlands from 1.88EUR/month.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] First2Host provides Virtuozzo OpenVZ servers in 14 locations around the world. You choose how many vCores you require, How much Ram to deploy, Which OS you use and the connection speed together with any additional IPs you require. Free cPanel licenses on NVMe, SSD and SATA Servers
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping around the world,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] Number 1 Netherlands Provider HostSailor provides affordable & high quality services such as VPS (XEN, OpenVZ and KVM) Linux or Windows, Dedicated servers, SSL certificates and domain name services.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ SSD VPS in Telecity AMS 5, one of the best datacenters located in the Amsterdam area.
* [https://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Amsterdam, Netherlands with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.liteserver.nl/ LiteServer] Looking for a quality and affordable VPS in the center of The Netherlands? We provide SSD, Storage and High Bandwidth VPSes, starting at only €16 per year. We operate AS60404.
* [https://www.mangelot-hosting.nl/ Mangelot Hosting] Mangelot Hosting, A webhosting company located in the Netherlands, offers budget OpenVZ hosting solutions for maximum scalability en performance.
* [http://www.osbox.nl OsBoX Dutch Network Engineering] Cheap VPS host as low as $1 per month. Very great uptime and a overall good support. Check the website for the server plans.
* [https://www.scopehosts.com/openvz-vps/netherlands-vps ScopeHosts.Com] - ScopeHosts Provides OpenVZ VPS in Netherlands, Amsterdam Powered with Pure SSD, 1Gbps Uplink, DDOS Protection, Self-Managed and Managed VPS Solutions
* [http://www.signet.nl/ Signet VPS Hosting] - Signet delivers VPS hosting plans based on CentOS or Debian templates, including control-panel Virtualmin.
* [http://simple-webhosting.eu/ Simple-webhosting.eu] - OpenVZ based web hosting starting from €0.98 per month.
* [https://www.seedvps.com SeedVPS] Provides Powerful & Reliable OVZ/KVM VPS Hosting in The Netherlands
* [http://www.touchvps.com/ TouchVPS] is a company who offer Support and Managed Services for OpenVZ Servers ,also offer templates for openvz ready to go with cPanel , DirectAdmin , Plesk , Games, IRC Services, Desktop and many more.
* [https://www.totallyhosted.nl/ TotallyHosted] OpenVZ based Premium VPS services located in the Netherlands @ Serverius DC.
* [https://undergroundprivate.com/russiaoffshorevps.html UndergroundPrivate.com] - OpenVZ with highly privacy, offshore , DMCA ignored , high confidence, SolusVM and cPanel, managed and non managed service.
* [http://www.voipcomplete.com/product-overview/dedicated-vps.html VOIPcomplete] offers dedicated VPS plans based on CentOS including a VPS management interface.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/netherlands-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Netherlands.
* [https://www.vps9.net/netherlands-vps VPS9.NET] - VPS9 OpenVZ Nodes are located in Naaldwijk, Netherlands. We provide OpenVZ VPS Services at very a affordable cost, powered with 20x Faster SSD on RAID-10 Partition.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Norway ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/norway-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Norway.

== Pakistan ==

* [https://vimzaa.com/ Vimzaa] The best hosting in Pakistan.

== Philippines ==

* [http://www.web.com.ph/vps.php Web.com.ph] - provides OpenVZ virtual servers in the Philippines.

== Perú ==

* [https://www.hn.pe/ Hostname] Hostname offers business OpenVZ containers in Perú
* [http://www.hostingandino.pe/ Hostingandino Lima - Peru] - VPS with OpenVZ in Peru
* [http://www.hostingplus.pe/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Peru
* [https://www.hostingroup.com/ Hostingroup] Web hosting for small businness in Perú.
* [https://hostingweb.pe/ Hosting Web] The best hosting in PERU.
* [https://www.inchosting.pe/ HostingINC SAC] OpenVZ virtualization solutions for business in Perú.
* [https://www.mejorhosting.pe/ Mejor Hosting Perú] Hosting comparison for peruvian hosting providers.
* [https://webuniversal.pe/ Web Universal] The best hosting in PERU in the World.

== Poland ==

* [http://hosteam.pl/ HosTeam] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting from their DataCenter in Poland. Customer has choice of all major Linux distros (WARNING!!! restoring your backup is VERY expensive and they charge even if it wasn't restored correctly!), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE!

* [http://ultimahost.pl/ UltimaHost] high grade OpenVZ VPS and FreeBSD jail (DC in Łódź, Poland), brand of statnet.pl, SSD available for more expensive packets, NO IPV6 AVAILABLE (but they can load you tun module)

* [http://budgetvps.pl/ BudgetVPS] very cheap, low end grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), brand of HitMe.pl

* [https://hitme.pl/ HitMe.pl] high grade OpenVZ/Xen PV/Xen HVM VPSes, Virtuozzo (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE (/64 on demand for free)!

* [http://www.kr-cpd.pl/oferta/serwery-vps/ KR-CPD] Cracow's Center of Data Processing (DC of course in Cracow, Poland)

* [http://livenet.pl Livenet] cheap, middle/low end OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Łódź, Poland)

* [http://slaskdatacenter.pl/ Śląsk Data Center] high/middle grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Silesia province, Poland), SSD available for more expensive packets

* [https://www.ionic.pl/ IONIC.pl] VPS OpenVZ with SolusVM control panel, own DC in Cracow

* [https://microvps.pl/ MicroVPS.pl] Middle And low end OpenVZv7 VPS plans. SSD for regular VPS and HHD for storage plans (up to 1TB)
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Portugal ==

* [http://www.ptservidor.pt/ PTServidor] - OpenVZ virtual servers with free management based in Portugal.
* [http://www.efeito.net/ Weblevel.pt] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in Portugal.
* [https://www.webtuga.pt/ WebTuga] - Managed/Unmanaged Virtual Private Servers hosted in a Portuguese Datacenter with lots of extras
* [https://www.cloudfire.pt/ CloudFire] - OpenVZ VPS at very low prices hosted in Portugal
* [https://www.linxisp.com/ LINXISP] - High Availability & Performance OpenVZ Containers
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] - Build an OpenVZ VPS in 14 locations WordWide From £2.49
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Romania ==

* [http://www.intovps.com IntoVPS] - offers unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based in Romania, Netherlands and USA. A lot of resources for decent prices.
* [http://www.ename.ro/dedicated.html eName] - managed OpenVZ virtual servers in Bucharest, Romania
* [http://www.ch-center.com/virtual-servers Ch-center] - unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers, based in Romania in it's own Data Center
* [http://www.clouds.ro/servere-virtuale/ Clouds] - OpenVZ virtual servers hosted on premium hardware, in Romania
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] HostSailor provides affordable & high quality OpenVZ and KVM servers in Romania
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Russia ==

* [https://www.internoc24.host Internoc24.HOST] is an international [https://www.www.internoc24.host Offshore VPS ] provider with reliable SSD VPS in Moscow, Russia. Focus ist on high privacy protection so they accept several Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and others for anonymous payments.
* [http://www.ihc.ru/vps.html IHC.RU] - VPS hosting in Moscow, Russia starting at $10/month with good set of precreated templates
* [http://mchost.ru/services/linux-vps/ McHost.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from McHost.
* [http://hosting.agava.ru/vps/ AGAVA] - Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ.
* [http://vdsplanet.ru/ VDSPlanet.ru] - unmanaged VDS/VPS hosting starting at 3.99$ a month. Large variety of OS templates and free ISPmanager Lite control panel. Total automation is our goal.
* [http://www.demos.ru/service/datacenter/vps.html Demos-Internet] - we offer OpenVZ Virtual Private Server based on Linux. All VPS come with ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.net.ru/service/net9/ www.net.ru] - OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://www.eurobyte.ru/ Eurobyte.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from Eurobyte.
* [https://undergroundprivate.com/russiaoffshorevps.html UndergroundPrivate.com] - OpenVZ with highly privacy, offshore , DMCA ignored , high confidence, SolusVM and cPanel, managed and non managed service.
* [http://www.telekom.ru/service/vps.html Elvis Telekom] - OpenVZ hosting with base and cpanel templates from Elvis Telekom.
* [http://fastvps.ru/vds/ FastVPS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Hetzner, MayFlower.
* [https://lepus.su/vps.html Lepus] - OpenVZ hosting, SSD, ISPmanager free, Hetzner.
* [http://www.hts.ru/vds/ HTS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ in Moscow.
* [https://selectel.ru/services/vds/ Selectel] - OpenVZ hosting.
* [https://galaxydata.ru/root-server/ GalaxyData] - Virtuozzo Containers in Cloud Storage.
* [http://hosterbox.ru/servers/ Hosterbox.ru] - Managed VPS hosting. Based on OpenVZ + SolusVM + ISPmanager.
* [https://firstvds.ru FirstVDS.ru] - One of the leading hosting companies providing virtual private servers.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Singapore ==

* [http://conceptlane.com/?t=hostingservices#ratesvps ConceptLane Pte Ltd] - OpenVZ VPS on dual octa-core AMD Opterons running Debian Wheezy 7, custom control panel with bandwidth graphs, reboot/reinit and web-based VNC access.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.qoxy.com/vps QOXY.com] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ VPS Hosting in a Singapore Data Center.
* [http://www.secureax.com/ SecureAX Pte Ltd] - Singapore Premium Internet Solution Provider
* [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] - Affordable and customised OpenVZ containers across 3 data centers - contact Thomas Festus at +65-66936881. [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu#Squeeze_based_Templates Sponsors OpenVZ Container Template]s for the Open Source community.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/singapore-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Singapore.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Serbia ==
* [https://www.skyhosting.rs/en/vps-servers SkyHosting] - Fast Linux OpenVZ VPS SSD Hosting with SolusVM control panel.
* [https://www.ninet.rs/en/vps-servers NiNet Company] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers. Well known VPS hosting company from Serbia with their own data center
* [http://www.suonline.net SuOnline.Net ISP] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers, Docker enabled !!!
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== South Africa ==

* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] - Local South African servers hosted in Johannesburg. OpenVZ VPS servers starting from $3.00 per month.
* [http://www.vps.co.za/ VPS.CO.ZA] - South Africa's oldest VPS provider. Local South African servers with SolusVM control panel. OpenVZ, Xen and OnApp Cloud.
* [http://247hosting.co.za/vpshosting.php 247Hosting] - OpenVZ virtual servers locally in South Africa with SolusVM control panel. cPanel option available!
* [http://www.SoftDux.co.za/ SoftDux] - OpenVZ virtual servers based America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel or Plesk control panels. XEN VPS's also available.
* [http://www.clickworks.co.za/ Clickworks] - OpenVZ / Xen VPS servers hosted in RSA. Backed by Solusvm control panel.
* [http://www.elitehost.co.za/ Elite Host] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel and unlimited bandwidth.
* [http://www.telasera.com/ Telasera] - OpenVZ VPS servers hosted in South Africa. Supermicro Servers powered by Intel Xeon with 24/7 Support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Spain ==

* [https://www.somtecnologia.com/ Som Tecnologia] - OpenVZ/6 , containers up to Debian 9
* [http://www.corpresa.com/servidores-virtuales.html Corpresa Hosting] - Tiene algún proyecto entre manos y un plan de hosting no le hes sufuciente y un servidor dedicado no está dentro de su presupuesto?, una solución de VPS a medida será la que cubrirá todas sus necesidades."
* [https://www.datomedia.es Datomedia] - Cloud alta disponibilidad powered by Virtuozzo 6 y Servidores VPS bajo openvz y kvm.
* [https://www.evidaliahost.com/vps/ EvidaliaHosting] - Servidores VPS totalmente configurados con panel de gestión Plesk 12.5, garantía de devolución de 30 días y posibilidad de discos SSD.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] First2Host provides Virtuozzo OpenVZ servers in 14 locations around the world. You choose how many vCores you require, How much Ram to deploy, Which OS you use and the connection speed together with any additional IPs you require. Free cPanel licenses on NVMe, SSD and SATA Servers
* [https://ginernet.com/vps-ssd.php GINERNET] - Servidores VPS alojados en España desde 1.99€/mes.
* [https://www.hostingplus.com.es Hosting Plus España] provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter. Starting from us20/month RAID 10 SSD.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Sweden ==

* [https://www.admax.se/vps/ Admax] - Admax offers enterprise grade virtual servers with great pricing. Custom control panel, API, remote access & more.
* [https://www.acon.se/vps Acon VPS Server] - VPS Server and Dedicated server provider in Sweden.
* [https://www.glesys.com/vps.php GleSYS] - VPS Provider with a great control panel and good prices
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides the highest quality SSD VPS in Stockholm, Sweden. Based on completely pure SSD in RAID-10 and delivering extremely high network & hardware performance along with reliability.
* [https://www.nametyper.com NameTyper] - VPS and Shared hosting provider. Customize your own OpenVZ Container with 1-12 cores running on SSD and ECC RAM.
* [https://virtualcenter.se VirtualCenter] - The first Cloud provider with SSD VPS in Sweden. Offer enterprise class hardware and network infrastructure
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/sweden-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Sweden.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Switzerland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/switzerland-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Switzerland.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting

== Tanzania==

* [http://www.aptus.co.tz/ Aptus Solutions] - OpenVZ / SolusVM VPS Servers located in Dar es Salaam - 100meg to TIX. CentOS & Ubuntu.

== UK ==

* [http://www.34sp.com/ 34SP.com] - We're a UK based web hosting company, bridging the gap between sophisticated hosting solutions & affordable prices
* [http://www.AceShells.com/ AceShells] - Fast, stable, high quality UK based virtual private servers from just £5 a month, operating since 2001
* [https://webuniversal.pe/] - Web Universal Perú
* [http://www.AtlanticServers.com/ Atlantic Servers] - Affordable VPS, stable, high quality VPS, UK based Data Centre
* [https://awebhosting.uk/ AWebHosting.uk] VPS hosting offered by [https://awebsolutions.uk/ AWEBSOLUTIONS LIMITED] reliable UK hosting provider located in London, UK and Hosted in UK DataCentre.
* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cheapvps.co.uk/ CheapVPS] - CheapVPS provide cheap, UK based OpenVZ VPS servers. Hosted on high end hardware, in a top UK datacenter backed up with 24/7/365 support. Choice from a wide range of Linux distros. OpenVZ VPS managed with SolusVM.
* [http://www.chilliserver.com/ Chilliserver] - Affordable plans starting from just £3.99, not oversold. RHEL6 Kernel with VSwap, TUN/TAP/FUSE and ACL support enabled. SolusVM control panel with custom snapshot system and rescue system. Based in a European data Centre with UK based support.
* [http://www.chvps.com/ CHVPS] - Switzerland Based VPS, Cheap Pricing with solusVM control panel.
* [http://www.cislondon.co.uk/virtual-private-servers/ Commercial Internet Solutions] - CIS provides premium hosting at competitive rates, focused on Small Businesses within the M25 orbital. Hosting is on Dual Quad core Intel Xeon supermicro servers in Tier 4 datacenters around London.
* [http://www.datacorporate.co.uk/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://domvps.com/ domVPS] - OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the USA, Germany, France & the Netherlands at a low cost.
* [http://www.DubHosting.co.uk/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers. Their servers are located at UKGrid in Manchester with 24/7/365 support
* [http://www.europhase.net/virtual-private-servers/ Europhase UK Limited, UK VPS] - OpenVZ VPS Hosting, Virtual Dedicated Servers, UK VPS hosted at multiple UK datacentres from £4.99
* [https://farbyte.uk/vps Farbyte VPS] - UK based OpenVZ VPS and shared web hosting services
* [http://www.fdqwholesale.co.uk FDQ Wholesale] - UK based hosting services
* [http://www.gemvps.net/ GemVPS.NET] - UK (Manchester) Based Company, OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the UK & France on Fast nodes.
* [http://www.hadrill.org.uk Hadrill Online] - Fully managed hosting with unlimited bandwidth. Quotes available through contact form.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./uk_vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks UK] Cheap, economical and reliable web hosting solutions, VPS based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with free FFMPEG setup on our vps servers. Also offers with a choice of selecting DataCenter.
* [https://www.laws-hosting.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Laws Web Hosting] - Laws Web Hosting offers OpenVZ VPS Hosting with packages starting from £5.50/m that will cater for anyone. We have OpenVZ VPS hosting solutions, and come with moderate DDoS protection.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] - LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.meteorvps.com/ MeteorVPS] - Professional, Non-Oversold amazing VPS plans pretty cheap using SolusVM management, range from 512MB -> 16GB
* [http://www.minivps.co.uk miniVPS] miniVPS offers VPS hosting solutions with nodes located in UK, utilising openvz/solusvm with future locations of USA and UK.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk First2Host Cheap VPS] - Intel Xeon E5-2630v3 OpenVZ VPS Servers. Don't be defined by a pre-made VPS plan. Create your own VPS Plan by assigning the resources that you require. SATA, SSD or NVMe storage 100 MBPS, 250 MBPS, 500 MBPS, 1GBPS speeds and free cPanel licenses.
* [http://www.phurix.co.uk/ Phurix] - A UK based web solutions company that provides you with reliable hosting at extremely affordable prices, VPS server virtualization using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.qualityservers.co.uk Quality Servers] - Affordable OpenVZ virtual servers based in the UK and USA. Choice of control panels and management options.
* [http://www.rackburst.net/ Rackburst] - UK SSD VPS Hosting with fast UK-based Live Support available from £1.49 per month.
* [http://www.rshosting.co.uk/vps.html RSHosting UK] - Offering the most secure, reliable, stable and fast UK VPS Web Hosting based on OpenVZ architecture. Our Virtual Dedicated Servers are physically hosted on powerfull Quad Core servers located in multiple UK datacentres.
* [http://www.sharkserve.rs SharkServers] - Low Cost OpenVZ virtual servers in the UK. Choice of control panels and management options. Own Datacentre.
* [https://www.ukhost4u.com/ UKHost4u] - A leading provider of VPS solutions for over 19 years!
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/united-kingdom-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in UK.
* [http://www.vpsmachine.co.uk/ vpsMachine] Quality openvz hosting platform with a large choice of customer OS templates.
* [https://www.wantete.com/hosting/virtual-private-servers/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Starting from €2,99/month RAID 10 SSD, Unlimited traffic. A high performance VPS hosting
* [https://www.webhostuk.co.uk/vps-hosting.html WebHostUK LTD] - Offers Cheap yet Best UK VPS Web Hosting working on OpenVZ Platform.We offers fully Managed UK VPS with true 24/7/365 days support.All our Servers are located in UK London DC.
* [http://www.webhostinguk.com/vps/vps-hosting.html Web Hosting UK] - Fully managed OpenVZ VPS Hosting offered on fast and reliable and affordable servers in UK & European datacenter with 24x7x365 days lightning fast support.
* [http://www.weycrest.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Weycrest VPS] - Low Cost, Stable OpenVZ and Parallels' Virtuozzo Virtual Private Server solutions. London UK Hosted at Coreix with a choice of operating systems, and root and control panel options.
* [http://www.xilo.net/virtual_private_servers-vps/ XILO] - UK-based hosting with UK-based support. VPS services offered with a choice of cPanel, Webmin and other useful applications, VoIP, SIP, VPN to name a few.
* [http://www.zxvps.co.uk/ ZxVPS VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold VPS based on the openVZ platform, using SolusVM management panel, VPS from 128mb - 2gb, cpanel, direct admin, kloxo, etc.

== Ukraine ==

* [http://ekvia.com/ Ekvia] - VDS/VPS based on OpenVZ. Free trial 14 days. Domain registration for VDS/VPS.
* [http://www.gelihost.com/ Geliar Hosting Solutions] - Fast virtual dedicated servers based on OpenVZ. Geliar Hosting Solutions offering many control panels and other useful services.
* [http://www.hostpro.ua/ Hostpro.ua] - Full managed OpenVZ servers.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/ukraine-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Ukraine.

== USA ==

* [http://www.a2hosting.com A2 Hosting] is your high-performance [http://a2hosting.com/openvz-vps-hosting OpenVZ VPS Hosting] provider. Design your perfect [http://a2hosting.com/vps-hosting VPS Hosting] account today! Featuring SwiftServers and SSDs with page load speeds up to 300% faster compared to standard drives.
* [http://www.afterburst.com Afterburst] (Previously FanaticalVPS): affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in NY.
* [https://www.asurahosting.com/ AsuraHosting] offers powerful, reliable, and simple OpenVZ VPS to clients. AsuraHosting has a dedicated support team, and quality hosting; Pricing starts at just $5/month!
* [http://beyondhosting.net BeyondHosting.net] High Performance OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) Tier 1 US Datacenter.
* [http://buyvm.net BuyVM.net] DDoS Protection, three datacenter locations, Stallion control panel. Affordable quality VPS hosting since 2010!
* [https://www.binarycpu.com Binary Computer Solutions] has provided OpenVZ based Virtual Private Server hosting for over 5 years. Network outages are a thing of the past, and oversold services are never heard of here. Built on solid technology, with infrastructure to match - Binary Computer Solutions will give you hosting you need, without the cost others ask for. Starting at $30.00/mo.
* [http://www.bodhost.com/ Bodhost.com] Fast, Reliable and secure web hosting service with 24*7 free customer service.
* [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS.com] mix ‘n’ match your VPS; choose only the bandwidth, RAM, disk capacity, type of IP connection, level server redundancy, and the support/monitoring you want. [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS] is the 1st to offer you a highly-customized VPS solution, without making you pay for unused extra features.
* [https://www.budgetvm.com/openvz-linux-vps.php BudgetVM.com] Each server includes our industry-leading SLA, DDoS protection, 200Gbps networks and 7 * 24-hour customer support.
* [http://www.byethost.com Byethost.com] offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting as its main VPS solution, with the hypervm panel. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://cheaperasp.net CheaperASP.Net] provides Quality web hosting on the OpenVZ platform. You also help you get best options at [http://cheaperasp.net/godaddy-1-hosting-free-domain-promo/ affordable] cost.
* [http://www.chhost.net/vps.htm CH Hosting VPS Hosting] CH Hosting or chhost.net offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting. 24/7 Support. Upgrade/Downgrade your plan as needed on-the-fly without the risk of downtime. Since 2006. Non-Oversell
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in USA from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.cloudshards.com Cloud Shards] High Performance, reliable, stable and affordable OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) in data centers across the USA.
* [https://cloudgearhosting.com CloudGear Hosting] - offers OpenVZ hosting in 4 locations across the USA. Including free DDoS Protection and free SSL with cPanel.
* [http://www.datacorporate.com/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.cheapdomainnamesdot.com Domain Host SSL] provides Reliable web hosting with OpenVZ platform Since 2003, Located New York city, Atlanta, Los Angeles.
* [http://www.DubHosting.com/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers.
* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.ethernetservers.com/ Ethernet Servers] A leading provider of OpenVZ Virtual Servers in Los Angeles, Miami and Buffalo with SolusVM.
* [http://www.evolucix.com/ Evolucix.com] Evolucix offers state of the art, professional, and reliable OpenVZ VPS solutions on top-notch hardware while providing quality support.
* [http://www.evolvedservers.com Evolvedservers.com] Openvz based vps servers. Hosted in Michigan, USA. 24/7 Support. Hosted in tier-3 and tier-4 datacenter's with multiple redundancies.
* [http://fastwebhost.com/vps-hosting.html Fastwebhost]: affordable cloud VPS servers using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.fliphost.net Fliphost.net]: Powerful, affordable instant setup VPS systems. Servers based in Phoenix Az with another location coming soon.
* [http://www.frontrangehosting.com Front Range Hosting]: SSD Cached KVM & OpenVZ VPS Hosting Prices Start at 2.00/mo, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
* [http://glesys.se GleSYS] is a hosting company specialized in serverhosting. Also offering VPS hosting mainly based on OpenVZ. GleSYS has provided access to server and Cisco hardware for developers from OpenVZ to find problem with VLAN implementation.
* [http://goodealhosting.com/ GOODEALHOSTING.com] Quality Hosting Solutions! Provides affordable unmanaged/managed VPS based on OpenVZ! start from $10.00, real 24/7 support.
* [http://gothost.net GotHost.net] Providing OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SolusVM. All nodes are Quad Core Xeon with RAID-10 for speed and redundancy. Budget plans starting at $7.99.
* [http://www.greengeeks.com/ GreenGeeks Hosting] VPS Hosting. Dual Intel Xeon 64-Bit CPU's, DDR3 RAM, RAID-10 SSD Storage Arrays. 24/7 Support. cPanel/WHM + more!
* [http://hostarmor.com HostArmor™] - is best known for low-cost and reliable shared hosting and dedicated servers. Recently the company expanded to offer OpenVZ virtual server plans at 8 worldwide locations, five in the U.S., one in Germany, one in France, and one in the Netherlands. VPS plans start at $13.99/month.
* [http://www.host4geeks.com Host4Geeks] - Host4Geeks is a premium Fully Managed VPS provider with datacenters across 2 locations in US and in UK. All servers offer a free cPanel license.
* [http://www.host1plus.com Host1Plus] - OpenVZ based virtual servers in Chicago and Los Angeles. VPS plans start at $2.00 per month.
* [http://www.hostavps.com HostAVPS] - Providing Fully Managed VPS's on both the West & East Coast.
* [https://www.hostcapitol.com Host Capitol] offers fast and reliable web hosting services, including OpenVZ VPS Hosting, to clients ranging from small businesses to corporations. Located in Piscataway, New Jersey.
* [http://www.hostcolor.com Host Color] - OpenVZ based virtual servers hosted in a Tier 4 class data center based out of South Bend, Indiana. Juniper managed, fully-redundant network with uplinks to Level 3, Cogent and Internap.
* [https://www.hostgalaxy.com HostGalaxy] - OpenVZ based virtual servers. The fastest hosting in the Galaxy!
* [http://www.hostigation.com Hostigation] - High resource unmanage VPS hosting solutions.
* [http://www.hostingrails.com Hosting Rails] offers Rails-targeted OpenVZ VPS Hosting and updated Rails-ready OS images.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.hostmist.com Host Mist] features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting from four major cities across the US.
* [http://www.hostrush.com HostRush] Self managed, ssd vps for business and non business.
* [http://www.dailyhosting.net hostoople] We offer OpenVZ VPS hosting from Dallas Texas, Starting at $29.95/month
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] provides unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Atlanta, Dallas and Los Angeles with custom control panel. A large variety of Linux distros are available. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://www.hostwinds.com Hostwinds] Affordable managed/unmanaged VPS Solutions.
* [http://hostsia.com Hostsia] With HOSTSIA Web services, you can get an OpenVZ VPS for only $15.00/mo. Each OpenVZ VPS includes multiple free-of-charge bonuses and offers a 99.9% uptime guarantee. You can also use our charge-free Hepsia CP, which is available with each OS – it permits you to host an unmetered number of domains and comprises heaps of handy tools, which will help you better manage your site and your VPS web hosting account.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks] Cheap, reliable and secure VPS hosting solutions, based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with enhanced support quality round the clock.
* [http://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Los Angeles & New York with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.interserver.net/ InterServer Web Hosting] Fast & Reliable VPS - 24x7 Support. 99.9% Up-time, Hosting Since 1999!.
* [http://www.joinvps.com JoinVPS.com] ISPmanager OpenVZ based VPS hosting. 24/7 Technical Support. Free ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.lovevps.com LoveVPS] Budget VPS provider starting at $5.99/month located in the US with Xeon nodes.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99 Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://lylix.net LYLIX] offers affordable VPS hosting with a choice of eight different Linux distributions, dedicated VPS hosting, and specializes in Asterisk/VOIP based hosting including Trixbox, AsteriskNow, Elastix, and PBX-in-a-Flash. Popular choice for unmanaged IP-PBX services; entire infrastructure built on a High-availability (HA) network across three regional NOCs.
* [http://www.micfo.com Micfo.com] offers VPS hosting services for both Linux VPS hosting and Window VPS hosting on affordable price combined with world-class 24x7x365 support.
* [http://www.neostreams.info/neoshop/cart.php?gid=9 nEo Stream Services] Offer's Top Quality OpenVZ Servers, Starting at $18.95 per month! SolusVM Control panel , 7 day Money Back Guarantee , 24x7 Professional Support.
* [http://pogiweb.com/vps/ PogiWeb LLC] Instant and free setup. Includes SolusVM control panel and free level 1 support during first month.
* [http://www.theserverexperts.com TheServerExperts.com] TheServerExperts VPS line is the ideal solution for clients who require the control of a dedicated server matched with the affordability and simplicity of a traditional shared hosting account.
* [http://thenynoc.com New York NOC] affordable Linux VPS hosting out of New York and Chicago. Plans as low as $5 a month and are backed by a redundant infrastructure and 24/7 support.
* [http://railsplayground.com RailsPlayground.com] Ruby on Rails VPS with ready to go Rails images with the LxAdmin control panel
* [http://www.raidlogic.net RaidLogic.NET] RaidLogic.NET offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Miami, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Starting as low as $3.95/month.
* [http://www.ramhost.us RAM Host] RAM Host offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Kansas City, and Phoenix.
* [http://www.reconhosting.com Recon Hosting] Recon Hosting offers affordable OpenVZ VPS solutions where you get Quality Hosting at a Fraction of the price. Instant setup with the latest Operating System templates including cPanel.
* [http://www.rokabear.com Rokabear] Rokabear offers OpenVZ Linux VPS, Dedicated Server, and Colocation. All Hardware setup in High Availability mode including raided drives and redudnant power and network connections. With multiple upstream providers, Rokabear's connectivity is fast and reliable! Rokabear supports LAMP, Openvpn, and Asterisk configurations. VPSes start at $7.99!
* [https://www.rosehosting.com RoseHosting] offers OpenVZ Linux virtual servers equipped with Enterprise Grade SSD drives. All hosting plans are fully-managed with FREE 24/7 support, FREE website migration, FREE weekly backups and FREE server monitoring included.
* [http://www.rshosting.com/vps.html RSHosting.com] RSHosting offers the most secure, reliable and stable VPS - Virtual Private Servers based on OpenVZ architecture, powered by the most professional and qualified 24/7 lightening fast support.
* [http://www.servercomplete.com Server Complete, LLC] Server Complete offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Dallas, and Chicago.
* [http://www.servergrove.com ServerGrove] uses OpenVZ as the main virtualization platform for its state of the art VPS hosting services.
* [http://serverswarm.com ServerSwarm] provides stable, affordable, high performance OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://Sharktech.net Sharktech] provides custom OpenVZ solutions DDOS-protected up to 100Gbps.
* [http://www.silverrack.com/ SilverRack VPS Hosting] - SilverRack provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.
* [http://www.spectrohost.com/ Spectro Host] - Offers performance VPS Servers running openvz. Always the most resources and never over committing OpenVZ nodes.
* [http://www.budgetvds.com/ BudgetVDS] - Offers VPS Servers running openvz we've been in business for 2 years now using openvz platform.
* [http://www.syera.net/ Syera Networks] Unmetered VPS From $18.88/M, 24/7 Support, OpenVZ/HyperVM, Instant Setup!, Free 1Gbps Upgrade with Coupon: syera1G
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers with 14 Tier 1 premium bandwidth providers.
* [http://www.tektonic.net TekTonic] provides VPS hosting services using both Virtuozzo and OpenVZ technology.
* [http://www.tigerservers.com/ TigerServers] - Provides affordable managed VPS based on OpenVZ. Servers located in Chicago, Illinois
* [http://www.tocici.com/ TOCICI VPS Hosting Services] Since 1995 TOCICI has offered web hosting services, with 24/7 support commitments and a strong non-oversell policy. Our purpose-built hosting infrastructure has serviced many organizations for over a decade. Offering OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and equipment leasing options, visit our website for prices and more details.
* [http://www.ultravps.com UltraVPS] UltraVPS offers managed and unmanaged OpenVZ-based VPS hosting utilizing dual CPU hardware nodes with redundant, high-performance RAID-10 storage. UltraVPS offers VPS servers with many popular control panel options and turn-key applications.
* [http://www.vpsfx.com VPSFX] VPSFX.com offers OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and dedicated servers.
* [http://www.Webhost.US.Com/linuxvps.html US Web Hosting] Webhost.US.Com offers powerful GUI based VPS management system with full OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM support.All our Virtual Private servers are fully Managed with 99.9% uptime and 24/7 top notch support.
* [http://unixservice.com Unixservice/unxsVZ] Low cost OpenVZ ONLY hosting we specialize in Mail, DNS and RADIUS multiple container hosting. At the world famous Market St. San Jose, CA Silicon Valley datacenter. Ping times from your containers to local yahoo and google sites guaranteed single digit ms times. Your containers are backed up at 4 local and 2 remote locations. Contact supportgrp at unixservice dot com.
* [http://www.vogenic.xyz Vogenic: Cloud Services] If you are searching for an upgrade to the shared hosting service, then you should consider our OpenVZ or KVM VPS hosting services.
* [http://vpslink.com VPSLink.com] provides virtual private server hosting on the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.vpsspeed.com/ VPSSpeed] - VPSSpeed provides unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS hosting with over 50 OS Templates, real 24/7/365 support and fast US servers. No overselling.
* [http://vpsnoc.com VPSNOC] offers unmanaged vps hosting based in the USA utilizing OpenVZ hypervisor behind an in-house VPS control panel.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.webappcabaret.com WebAppCabaret] provides VPS solutions for hosting applications. We offer OpenVZ with cPanel or Plesk for web site management; and NGASI Universal App Manager for deploying and managing JAVA and RAILS applications.
* [http://www.wirenine.com/vps-hosting/ WireNine.com VPS Hosting] Low cost fully managed and unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SAS 15k enterprise drives in high-performance RAID-10 storage.
* [http://www.zoidial.com/ Zoidial Hosting and VPS] - offers VPS and Virtual Dedicated Server solutions utilizing OpenVZ. In business since 1998, Zoidial Incorporated is a small hosting provider focused on being security conscious, proactive, and offering a positive client experience.
* [http://zensix.com ZenSix Hosting] Cheap OpenVZ based VPS accounts with the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://zigothosting.com Zigot Hosting] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ based VPS's within the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/usa-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in USA (Los Angeles, New Jersey, New York, Seattle, Washington, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, Ashburn, Miami, Piscataway).
* [http://www.xarixlite.com Xarix Lite] - offers OpenVZ hosting in Charlotte, SC. OpenVZ plans starting at $2.50/mo
* [https://www.yourlasthost.com YourLastHost] is your high-performance [https://www.yourlasthost.com/openvz-vps.php OpenVZ VPS Hosting] Provider. Get your perfect [https://www.yourlasthost.com/openvz-vps.php VPS Hosting] account today! Available in Los Angeles, Dallas, Jacksonville, USA and France, Europe.

== Vietnam ==

* [http://appvz.com AppVZ.com] (www.appvz.com) is a leading web solution provider offering domain, hosting, reseller and VPS hosting packages from 2009. Just recently, the company has offered discount packages where customers can avail managed and un-managed VPS for only $9.5 per month.

= Hosting providers comparison =

It is hard to compare all virtual private server offers provided by different hosting providers.
Sites below can help you with it.

* [https://www.cheapvpsservers.co.uk/ Cheap VPS Servers]
* [https://www.hostingmyths.com/ Hosting Myths]
* [https://cheapwebhosting.review/ VPS servers comparison]
* [https://reviewsquirrel.com/web-hosting-reviews/ Review Squirrel]
* [http://lowendstock.com/ Lowendstock]
* [https://www.websitehostingrating.com/ Best Web Hosting Services]
* [https://foxmaya.com/hosting/best-wordpress-hosting-india/ Best Wordpress Hosting Services]
* [http://serverbear.com/compare?Sort=RAM&Order=asc&Server+Type=VPS&Monthly+Cost=-&HDD=-&RAM=-&Virtualization=OpenVZ Serverbear]
* [https://www.comparethehosts.com/vps-web-hosting.htm VPS Web Hosting Reviews]
* [https://thishosting.rocks/best-cheap-managed-vps/ ThisHosting.Rocks - Managed VPS Providers Comparison]



= See also =

* [[Partners]]
* [[Download mirrors]]
* [[VPS vs Dedicated]]
* [https://certivatic.com/iso-certification-in-UAE/ ISO Certification in UAE]

Installation on Debian 8

2020-01-28T09:25:51Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Download OS templates */ ctcreate to ctctl

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

* Only Devuan: link to be recognised as Debian
if [ -f /etc/devuan_version ] ; then sudo ln -s /etc/devuan_version /etc/debian_version ; fi

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove $Packages

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatives:
* Download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]] or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.
* '''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctctl/ ctctl]''' helper to create Debian (or derivative) container without template (caches it as a local template). This tool manages unprivileged LXC containers too.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 9

2020-01-28T09:25:36Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Download OS templates */ ctcreate to ctctl

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$1" = "prereqs" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatives:
* Download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]] or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.
* '''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctctl/ ctctl]''' helper to create Debian (or derivative) container without template (caches it as a local template). This tool manages unprivileged LXC containers too.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2020-01-28T09:25:02Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Download OS templates */

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

* Only Devuan: link to be recognised as Debian
if [ -f /etc/devuan_version ] ; then sudo ln -s /etc/devuan_version /etc/debian_version ; fi

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove $Packages

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatives:
* Download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]] or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.
* '''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctctl/ ctctl]''' to create Debian (or derivative) container without template (caches it as a local template). This tool manages unprivileged LXC containers too.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Deploying Debian VEs without Templates

2020-01-28T09:24:52Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate to ctctl

Installing Debian Virtual Environments without relying on a precreated template has many advantages and a few drawbacks. This article tries to outline those factors and provide a possible solution to reduce the amount of work needed for template-less Debian deployments.

{{Note|'''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctctl/ ctctl]''' is an alternative wizard to create a container and convert it to a template.}}

== Templates ==

[[Template|Templates]] are at the heart of the OpenVZ VE creation process. A "template cache" is basically a tarball consisting of a minimum operating system installation of a given Linux flavor.

== Reasons for pre-built templates ==

=== Very fast VE deployment ===

Deploying a new VE with a tarball reduces the work needed to extracting said tar archive, so the deployment speed can't be any faster. It's possible that certain vzfs optimizations rely on templates being deployed from a specific cached template.

=== Template can contain complex modifications ===

Since templates can contain any files with any given content, you can deploy heavily modified VEs without any problems.

=== Access to a package repository ===

Running a bootstrapper instead of using templates requires access to a package repository, which might not be feasible in certain environments.

== Reasons against pre-built templates ==

=== Management of tarballs can be tedious ===

Managing templates in a non-trivial environment can become it's own demanding task, if taken seriously. The templates have to be updated constantly to reflect new security updates or operating system point releases. And with every updated template, said templates have to be distributed to all Hardware Nodes where they are used.

Experience has shown, that quality is one of the first things being cut in operations/production environments when being time constrained, so preventing one source of constant work improves quality and security instantly and irrevocably.

=== Templates are of questionable security ===

Pre-built templates, especially those which can be downloaded from the internet, are of doubtful trustworthiness. It's trivial to open backdoors, install keyloggers or run DDoS clients if you have full control of the binaries which are going to be run in a VE.

=== It's not needed after all ===

With Debian, there is no reason to actually use pre-built templates if you're not time-constrained in the deployment process and have other means of managing your configuration.

Since <tt>debootstrap</tt> is the tool at the core of every Debian installation it doesn't matter if it's run by the [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller Debian Installer], during template creation, by hand or even in a completely different Linux distribution.

Management of configuration files by means of templates is a non-sustainable way of doing Configuration Management. In environments with few (if any) changes this can work out nicely, but in more agile/complex environments a proper Configuration Management solution should be used.

== Basic Steps ==

The basic steps needed to deploy Debian VEs are outlined in [[Debian template creation]].

== Creation helpers ==

To automate the process of deploying VEs with <tt>debootstrap</tt> a bit of shell-scripting glue is needed.

=== ctcreate by Narcis Garcia ===
2017 version included in the [https://git.actiu.net/libre/amoreos/ Amoreos repository]. Deploys APT/Debian containers for OpenVZ 6 in APT/Debian host, by building its corresponding template first.

=== deploy.sh by Michael Renner ===

2011 version can be found at [https://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff]. To get a local copy you will need to install [http://git-scm.com/ git] and then run the following command:
git clone git://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff.git
Following the instructions in the README file should get you started nicely.

[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Debian template creation

2020-01-28T09:24:41Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate to ctctl

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ [[VE]]s based on Debian.

{{Note|'''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctctl/ ctctl]''' is an automated helper to create and customize Debian templates.}}

{{Warning|The recommended way is '''not to follow''' the below instructions, but to use the official Debian templates, modifying those to your needs. Some template + container creation helpers are recommended at page [[Deploying Debian VEs without Templates]].}}

'''Notes:'''
* You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
* Anywhere you see <tt>/vz</tt>, you might really need to use <tt>/var/lib/vz</tt> instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
* Anywhere you see <tt>http://http.us.debian.org/debian/</tt>, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. ([http://www.debian.org/mirror/list List of official Debian Mirrors])
* See also: <tt>/usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian</tt> in the ''vzctl'' Debian package

== Prerequisites ==

You need to have a working copy of <tt>debootstrap</tt> running on your hardware node.

For Debian:
sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:
sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):
sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the [http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=tree&th=142&mid=584 OpenVZ Forum].

== Bootstrapping Debian ==

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY [URL]

Specify your architecture instead of <tt>i386</tt> if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use <tt>amd64</tt> or for ia64, use <tt>ia64</tt>. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

=== Stretch (current stable) ===
net-tools,ifupdown (not in debootstrap base set) provide ifconfig,ifup; required by OpenVZ to enable venet networking.

debootstrap --arch i386 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777

=== Jessie (current oldstable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 jessie /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 jessie /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Wheezy (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Squeeze (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Lenny (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian/

=== Etch (very old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Sarge (deeply old release) ===

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

== Preparing the HN network ==
Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.
### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node enable packet forwarding to forward
# packets between the HN network interfaces and venet.
# Proxy arp is needed when CT is in a different subnet
# or when using veth AND veth is not bridged to a HN
# interface. When veth is bridged to a HN interface,
# the CT handles its own arps.

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

== Preparing and starting the VE ==

=== Setting VE config ===
First, we need a config for the [[VE]]:
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (''confirmed''), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

=== Setting VE OSTEMPLATE ===
Also, we need <tt>OSTEMPLATE</tt> to be set in VE configuration file, for [[vzctl]] to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-6.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

=== Setting VE IP address ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

{{Note|if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in [[Using NAT for VE with private IPs]].}}

=== Setting DNS server for VE ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

=== Creating /dev/ptmx ===
The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.
sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

=== Starting VE ===
Now start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 777

== Customizing the installation ==
A few things need to be done inside a newly created VE for it to become suitable for OpenVZ. Enter the VE to begin the configuration (note: if running a wheezy container on a squeeze hardware node, you'll need to manually install a newer version of vzctl (the one from wheezy will be fine - http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/vzctl) due to this bug: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683454 - without making this change, the enter command will hang). Exporting the path is optional.
sudo vzctl enter 777
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

{{Warning|Do not run the commands below on the hardware node, they are only to be run within the VE!}}

=== Set Debian repositories ===
The list shown is for wheezy, and downloading from US located servers - adjust your release name and mirror location as necessary
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates main contrib
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main
## backports - ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO
# deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian-backports/ wheezy-backports main
EOF

=== Get new security updates ===
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

=== Install some more packages ===
Installing packages could be an interactive process so the system might ask some questions. You can install more packages if you'd like. For example:
apt-get install ssh quota less

=== Set sane permissions for <tt>/root</tt> directory ===
chmod 700 /root

=== Disable root login ===
This will disable root login by default.
usermod -L root

=== Disable getty ===
Disable running <tt>getty</tt>s on terminals as a VE does not have any:
sed -i -e '/getty/d' /etc/inittab

=== Disable <tt>sync()</tt> for syslog ===
Turn off doing <tt>sync()</tt> on every write for <tt>syslog</tt>'s log files, to improve I/O performance:
<pre>sed -i -e 's@$[[:space:]]$$/var/log/$@\1-\2@' /etc/*syslog.conf</pre>

=== Fix <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> ===
Link <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> to <tt>/proc/mounts</tt>, so <tt>df</tt> and friends will work:
rm -f /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

=== Remove some unneeded packages ===
If you have any packages you'd like to remove, now's the time for it. Here's an example — note that not all of those packages are installed by default in Debian Squeeze (although they were in earlier versions):

dpkg --purge modutils ppp pppoeconf pppoe pppconfig module-init-tools

=== Disable services ===

Do not start some services, stick to bare minimum. This step is release dependent.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# turn off and stop some services
for i in bind9 quotarpc fetchmail ondemand rsync uuidd wide-dhcpv6-client; do
systemctl stop $i
systemctl disable $i
done

# for upstart services comment out the start on in confs
for i in nmbd smbd samba-ad-dc rpcbind; do
systemctl disable $i
done
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

update-rc.d-insserv -f klogd remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f inetd remove

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====

update-rc.d -f klogd remove
update-rc.d -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d -f inetd remove

=== Fix SSH host keys ===
This is only useful if you installed SSH. Each individual [[VE]] should have its own pair of SSH host keys. The code below will wipe out the existing SSH keys and instruct the newly-created [[VE]] to create new SSH keys on first boot.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# Save /etc/rc.local copy
mv /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.orig

# ssh host keys hack
echo "#!/bin/sh
rm -f etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
systemctl restart ssh
mv -f /etc/rc.local.orig /etc/rc.local
" > /etc/rc.local

chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*

<source lang="bash">
cat << EOF > /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
### END INIT INFO
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ""
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ""
insserv -r /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
rm -f \$0
EOF
</source>
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
insserv /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====


<source lang="bash">
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
cat << EOF > /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ''
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ''
rm -f \$0
EOF
chmod a+x /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
</source>

=== Change timezone ===

You might want to change timezone if you do not live in $UTC. The following example is for Germany

<source lang="bash">
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
</source>
or even better
<source lang="bash">
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</source>

=== Create vzfifo script (for Jessie only) ===

This step is required '''for Jessie only''' (and is handled automatically by vzctl for earlier Debian releases). It ensures that <code>vzctl start --wait</code> works as expected.

<source lang="bash">
# Create vzfifo service
cat >> /lib/systemd/system/vzfifo.service << EOF
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Tell that Container is started
ConditionPathExists=/proc/vz
ConditionPathExists=!/proc/bc
After=multi-user.target quotaon.service quotacheck.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/bin/touch /.vzfifo
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=no
SysVStartPriority=99

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Enable service
for service in vzfifo; do
systemctl enable $service > /dev/null 2>&1
done
</source>

=== Clean packages ===
After installing packages, you'll have some junk packages laying around in your cache. Since you don't want your template to have those, this command will wipe them out.
apt-get clean

Now everything is done. Exit from the template and go back to the hardware node.
exit

== Preparing for and packing template cache ==

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from ''/etc/resolv.conf'' file '''in VE''':
sudo editor /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove ''/etc/hostname'' file '''in VE''':
sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:
sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:
cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace <tt>i386</tt> with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).
sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:
# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

== Checking if template cache works ==
We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change <tt>i386</tt> to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.
sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:
sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

== Final cleanup ==
Stop and remove the test VE you just created:
sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:
sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-6.0-i386-minimal"
If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See ''man vzctl'' for a list of available modules.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2020-01-23T15:07:21Z

Narcisgarcia: --autoremove

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

* Only Devuan: link to be recognised as Debian
if [ -f /etc/devuan_version ] ; then sudo ln -s /etc/devuan_version /etc/debian_version ; fi

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get --autoremove remove $Packages

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatives:
* Download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]] or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.
* '''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctcreate/ ctcreate]''' to create Debian (or derivative) container without template (caches it as a local template).

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-12-28T08:50:13Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Download OS templates */ ctcreate

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

* Only Devuan: link to be recognised as Debian
if [ -f /etc/devuan_version ] ; then sudo ln -s /etc/devuan_version /etc/debian_version ; fi

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatives:
* Download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]] or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.
* '''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctcreate/ ctcreate]''' to create Debian (or derivative) container without template (caches it as a local template).

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Download/template/precreated

2017-10-17T07:24:45Z

Narcisgarcia: Debian template creation

__TOC__

{{Warning|These templates are for OpenVZ 6 (legacy). For OpenVZ 7, refer to [https://docs.openvz.org/openvz_users_guide.webhelp/_managing_templates.html user guide].}}

{{Precreated templates info}}
{{List of precreated templates}}

{{Beta templates info}}
{{List of precreated beta templates}}

{{Unsupported templates info}}
{{List of precreated unsupported templates}}

{{Contributed templates info}}
{{List of precreated contrib templates}}

= See also =
* [[Debian template creation]]

Deploying Debian VEs without Templates

2017-10-17T07:21:58Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate

Installing Debian Virtual Environments without relying on a precreated template has many advantages and a few drawbacks. This article tries to outline those factors and provide a possible solution to reduce the amount of work needed for template-less Debian deployments.

{{Note|'''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctcreate/ ctcreate]''' is an alternative way to create a container and convert it to a template.}}

== Templates ==

[[Template|Templates]] are at the heart of the OpenVZ VE creation process. A "template cache" is basically a tarball consisting of a minimum operating system installation of a given Linux flavor.

== Reasons for pre-built templates ==

=== Very fast VE deployment ===

Deploying a new VE with a tarball reduces the work needed to extracting said tar archive, so the deployment speed can't be any faster. It's possible that certain vzfs optimizations rely on templates being deployed from a specific cached template.

=== Template can contain complex modifications ===

Since templates can contain any files with any given content, you can deploy heavily modified VEs without any problems.

=== Access to a package repository ===

Running a bootstrapper instead of using templates requires access to a package repository, which might not be feasible in certain environments.

== Reasons against pre-built templates ==

=== Management of tarballs can be tedious ===

Managing templates in a non-trivial environment can become it's own demanding task, if taken seriously. The templates have to be updated constantly to reflect new security updates or operating system point releases. And with every updated template, said templates have to be distributed to all Hardware Nodes where they are used.

Experience has shown, that quality is one of the first things being cut in operations/production environments when being time constrained, so preventing one source of constant work improves quality and security instantly and irrevocably.

=== Templates are of questionable security ===

Pre-built templates, especially those which can be downloaded from the internet, are of doubtful trustworthiness. It's trivial to open backdoors, install keyloggers or run DDoS clients if you have full control of the binaries which are going to be run in a VE.

=== It's not needed after all ===

With Debian, there is no reason to actually use pre-built templates if you're not time-constrained in the deployment process and have other means of managing your configuration.

Since <tt>debootstrap</tt> is the tool at the core of every Debian installation it doesn't matter if it's run by the [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller Debian Installer], during template creation, by hand or even in a completely different Linux distribution.

Management of configuration files by means of templates is a non-sustainable way of doing Configuration Management. In environments with few (if any) changes this can work out nicely, but in more agile/complex environments a proper Configuration Management solution should be used.

== Basic Steps ==

The basic steps needed to deploy Debian VEs are outlined in [[Debian template creation]].

== Creation helpers ==

To automate the process of deploying VEs with <tt>debootstrap</tt> a bit of shell-scripting glue is needed.

=== ctcreate by Narcis Garcia ===
2017 version included in the [https://git.actiu.net/libre/amoreos/ Amoreos repository]. Deploys APT/Debian containers for OpenVZ 6 in APT/Debian host, by building its corresponding template first.

=== deploy.sh by Michael Renner ===

2011 version can be found at [https://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff]. To get a local copy you will need to install [http://git-scm.com/ git] and then run the following command:
git clone git://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff.git
Following the instructions in the README file should get you started nicely.

[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Debian template creation

2017-10-17T07:20:39Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ [[VE]]s based on Debian.

{{Note|'''[https://downloads.actiu.net/ctcreate/ ctcreate]''' is an automated helper to create and customize Debian templates.}}

{{Warning|The recommended way is '''not to follow''' the below instructions, but to use the official Debian templates, modifying those to your needs. Some template + container creation helpers are recommended at page [[Deploying Debian VEs without Templates]].}}

'''Notes:'''
* You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
* Anywhere you see <tt>/vz</tt>, you might really need to use <tt>/var/lib/vz</tt> instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
* Anywhere you see <tt>http://http.us.debian.org/debian/</tt>, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. ([http://www.debian.org/mirror/list List of official Debian Mirrors])
* See also: <tt>/usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian</tt> in the ''vzctl'' Debian package

== Prerequisites ==

You need to have a working copy of <tt>debootstrap</tt> running on your hardware node.

For Debian:
sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:
sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):
sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the [http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=tree&th=142&mid=584 OpenVZ Forum].

== Bootstrapping Debian ==

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY [URL]

Specify your architecture instead of <tt>i386</tt> if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use <tt>amd64</tt> or for ia64, use <tt>ia64</tt>. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

=== Stretch (current stable) ===
net-tools,ifupdown (not in debootstrap base set) provide ifconfig,ifup; required by OpenVZ to enable venet networking.

debootstrap --arch i386 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777

=== Jessie (current oldstable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 jessie /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 jessie /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Wheezy (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Squeeze (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Lenny (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian/

=== Etch (very old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Sarge (deeply old release) ===

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

== Preparing the HN network ==
Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.
### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node enable packet forwarding to forward
# packets between the HN network interfaces and venet.
# Proxy arp is needed when CT is in a different subnet
# or when using veth AND veth is not bridged to a HN
# interface. When veth is bridged to a HN interface,
# the CT handles its own arps.

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

== Preparing and starting the VE ==

=== Setting VE config ===
First, we need a config for the [[VE]]:
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (''confirmed''), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

=== Setting VE OSTEMPLATE ===
Also, we need <tt>OSTEMPLATE</tt> to be set in VE configuration file, for [[vzctl]] to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-6.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

=== Setting VE IP address ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

{{Note|if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in [[Using NAT for VE with private IPs]].}}

=== Setting DNS server for VE ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

=== Creating /dev/ptmx ===
The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.
sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

=== Starting VE ===
Now start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 777

== Customizing the installation ==
A few things need to be done inside a newly created VE for it to become suitable for OpenVZ. Enter the VE to begin the configuration (note: if running a wheezy container on a squeeze hardware node, you'll need to manually install a newer version of vzctl (the one from wheezy will be fine - http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/vzctl) due to this bug: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683454 - without making this change, the enter command will hang). Exporting the path is optional.
sudo vzctl enter 777
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

{{Warning|Do not run the commands below on the hardware node, they are only to be run within the VE!}}

=== Set Debian repositories ===
The list shown is for wheezy, and downloading from US located servers - adjust your release name and mirror location as necessary
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates main contrib
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main
## backports - ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO
# deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian-backports/ wheezy-backports main
EOF

=== Get new security updates ===
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

=== Install some more packages ===
Installing packages could be an interactive process so the system might ask some questions. You can install more packages if you'd like. For example:
apt-get install ssh quota less

=== Set sane permissions for <tt>/root</tt> directory ===
chmod 700 /root

=== Disable root login ===
This will disable root login by default.
usermod -L root

=== Disable getty ===
Disable running <tt>getty</tt>s on terminals as a VE does not have any:
sed -i -e '/getty/d' /etc/inittab

=== Disable <tt>sync()</tt> for syslog ===
Turn off doing <tt>sync()</tt> on every write for <tt>syslog</tt>'s log files, to improve I/O performance:
<pre>sed -i -e 's@$[[:space:]]$$/var/log/$@\1-\2@' /etc/*syslog.conf</pre>

=== Fix <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> ===
Link <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> to <tt>/proc/mounts</tt>, so <tt>df</tt> and friends will work:
rm -f /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

=== Remove some unneeded packages ===
If you have any packages you'd like to remove, now's the time for it. Here's an example — note that not all of those packages are installed by default in Debian Squeeze (although they were in earlier versions):

dpkg --purge modutils ppp pppoeconf pppoe pppconfig module-init-tools

=== Disable services ===

Do not start some services, stick to bare minimum. This step is release dependent.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# turn off and stop some services
for i in bind9 quotarpc fetchmail ondemand rsync uuidd wide-dhcpv6-client; do
systemctl stop $i
systemctl disable $i
done

# for upstart services comment out the start on in confs
for i in nmbd smbd samba-ad-dc rpcbind; do
systemctl disable $i
done
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

update-rc.d-insserv -f klogd remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f inetd remove

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====

update-rc.d -f klogd remove
update-rc.d -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d -f inetd remove

=== Fix SSH host keys ===
This is only useful if you installed SSH. Each individual [[VE]] should have its own pair of SSH host keys. The code below will wipe out the existing SSH keys and instruct the newly-created [[VE]] to create new SSH keys on first boot.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# Save /etc/rc.local copy
mv /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.orig

# ssh host keys hack
echo "#!/bin/sh
rm -f etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
systemctl restart ssh
mv -f /etc/rc.local.orig /etc/rc.local
" > /etc/rc.local

chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*

<source lang="bash">
cat << EOF > /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
### END INIT INFO
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ""
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ""
insserv -r /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
rm -f \$0
EOF
</source>
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
insserv /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====


<source lang="bash">
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
cat << EOF > /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ''
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ''
rm -f \$0
EOF
chmod a+x /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
</source>

=== Change timezone ===

You might want to change timezone if you do not live in $UTC. The following example is for Germany

<source lang="bash">
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
</source>
or even better
<source lang="bash">
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</source>

=== Create vzfifo script (for Jessie only) ===

This step is required '''for Jessie only''' (and is handled automatically by vzctl for earlier Debian releases). It ensures that <code>vzctl start --wait</code> works as expected.

<source lang="bash">
# Create vzfifo service
cat >> /lib/systemd/system/vzfifo.service << EOF
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Tell that Container is started
ConditionPathExists=/proc/vz
ConditionPathExists=!/proc/bc
After=multi-user.target quotaon.service quotacheck.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/bin/touch /.vzfifo
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=no
SysVStartPriority=99

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Enable service
for service in vzfifo; do
systemctl enable $service > /dev/null 2>&1
done
</source>

=== Clean packages ===
After installing packages, you'll have some junk packages laying around in your cache. Since you don't want your template to have those, this command will wipe them out.
apt-get clean

Now everything is done. Exit from the template and go back to the hardware node.
exit

== Preparing for and packing template cache ==

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from ''/etc/resolv.conf'' file '''in VE''':
sudo editor /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove ''/etc/hostname'' file '''in VE''':
sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:
sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:
cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace <tt>i386</tt> with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).
sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:
# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

== Checking if template cache works ==
We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change <tt>i386</tt> to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.
sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:
sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

== Final cleanup ==
Stop and remove the test VE you just created:
sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:
sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-6.0-i386-minimal"
If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See ''man vzctl'' for a list of available modules.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-10-07T11:24:33Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Install packages */ VarLock: it only was a Devuan issue

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

* Only Devuan: link to be recognised as Debian
if [ -f /etc/devuan_version ] ; then sudo ln -s /etc/devuan_version /etc/debian_version ; fi

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-10-07T11:22:38Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Install packages */ VarLock: it only was a Devuan issue

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$1" = "prereqs" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-10-07T10:47:22Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Install packages */ Patch VarLock directory creation

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== Patch VarLock directory creation ==
This is necessary to vzeventd works on boot, because it doesn't automatically create VARLOCK directory on startup:
Lines="$(cat /etc/init.d/vzeventd | grep -e '#.*INIT INFO' -ie '# .*Provides:' -ie '^# .*-St')"
Lines="$(echo "$Lines" | sed -e 's|vzeventd$|vzevent_pre|g' | sed -e 's| vz$| vzeventd|g')"
echo "$Lines" | sudo tee /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
echo 'mkdir -p /var/lock/subsys' | sudo tee -a /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
sudo insserv --default vzevent_pre

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-10-07T10:46:47Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Install packages */ Patch VarLock directory creation

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$1" = "prereqs" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== Patch VarLock directory creation ==
This is necessary to vzeventd works on boot, due to it doesn't automatically create VARLOCK directory on startup:
Lines="$(cat /etc/init.d/vzeventd | grep -e '#.*INIT INFO' -ie '# .*Provides:' -ie '^# .*-St')"
Lines="$(echo "$Lines" | sed -e 's|vzeventd$|vzevent_pre|g' | sed -e 's| vz$| vzeventd|g')"
echo "$Lines" | sudo tee /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
echo 'mkdir -p /var/lock/subsys' | sudo tee -a /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/vzevent_pre
sudo insserv --default vzevent_pre

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-10-07T10:19:42Z

Narcisgarcia: /* How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition */

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$1" = "prereqs" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-10-06T12:15:15Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Set OpenVZ as default to boot */

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

(requires aptitude)

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Deploying Debian VEs without Templates

2017-08-05T08:04:50Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate and deploy.sh

Installing Debian Virtual Environments without relying on a precreated template has many advantages and a few drawbacks. This article tries to outline those factors and provide a possible solution to reduce the amount of work needed for template-less Debian deployments.

== Templates ==

[[Template|Templates]] are at the heart of the OpenVZ VE creation process. A "template cache" is basically a tarball consisting of a minimum operating system installation of a given Linux flavor.

== Reasons for pre-built templates ==

=== Very fast VE deployment ===

Deploying a new VE with a tarball reduces the work needed to extracting said tar archive, so the deployment speed can't be any faster. It's possible that certain vzfs optimizations rely on templates being deployed from a specific cached template.

=== Template can contain complex modifications ===

Since templates can contain any files with any given content, you can deploy heavily modified VEs without any problems.

=== Access to a package repository ===

Running a bootstrapper instead of using templates requires access to a package repository, which might not be feasible in certain environments.

== Reasons against pre-built templates ==

=== Management of tarballs can be tedious ===

Managing templates in a non-trivial environment can become it's own demanding task, if taken seriously. The templates have to be updated constantly to reflect new security updates or operating system point releases. And with every updated template, said templates have to be distributed to all Hardware Nodes where they are used.

Experience has shown, that quality is one of the first things being cut in operations/production environments when being time constrained, so preventing one source of constant work improves quality and security instantly and irrevocably.

=== Templates are of questionable security ===

Pre-built templates, especially those which can be downloaded from the internet, are of doubtful trustworthiness. It's trivial to open backdoors, install keyloggers or run DDoS clients if you have full control of the binaries which are going to be run in a VE.

=== It's not needed after all ===

With Debian, there is no reason to actually use pre-built templates if you're not time-constrained in the deployment process and have other means of managing your configuration.

Since <tt>debootstrap</tt> is the tool at the core of every Debian installation it doesn't matter if it's run by the [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller Debian Installer], during template creation, by hand or even in a completely different Linux distribution.

Management of configuration files by means of templates is a non-sustainable way of doing Configuration Management. In environments with few (if any) changes this can work out nicely, but in more agile/complex environments a proper Configuration Management solution should be used.

== Basic Steps ==

The basic steps needed to deploy Debian VEs are outlined in [[Debian template creation]].

== Creation helpers ==

To automate the process of deploying VEs with <tt>debootstrap</tt> a bit of shell-scripting glue is needed.

=== ctcreate by Narcis Garcia ===
2017 version included in the [https://git.actiu.net/libre/amoreos/ Amoreos repository]. Deploys APT/Debian containers for OpenVZ 6 in APT/Debian host, by building its corresponding template first.

=== deploy.sh by Michael Renner ===

2011 version can be found at [https://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff]. To get a local copy you will need to install [http://git-scm.com/ git] and then run the following command:
git clone git://github.com/terrorobe/vzstuff.git
Following the instructions in the README file should get you started nicely.

[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Debian template creation

2017-08-05T07:56:03Z

Narcisgarcia: Deploying Debian VEs without Templates

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ [[VE]]s based on Debian.

{{Warning|The recommended way is '''not to follow''' the below instructions, but to use the official Debian templates, modifying those to your needs. Some template + container creation helpers are recommended at page [[Deploying Debian VEs without Templates]].}}

'''Notes:'''
* You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
* Anywhere you see <tt>/vz</tt>, you might really need to use <tt>/var/lib/vz</tt> instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
* Anywhere you see <tt>http://http.us.debian.org/debian/</tt>, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. ([http://www.debian.org/mirror/list List of official Debian Mirrors])
* See also: <tt>/usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian</tt> in the ''vzctl'' Debian package

== Prerequisites ==

You need to have a working copy of <tt>debootstrap</tt> running on your hardware node.

For Debian:
sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:
sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):
sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the [http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=tree&th=142&mid=584 OpenVZ Forum].

== Bootstrapping Debian ==

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY [URL]

Specify your architecture instead of <tt>i386</tt> if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use <tt>amd64</tt> or for ia64, use <tt>ia64</tt>. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

=== Stretch (current stable) ===
net-tools,ifupdown (not in debootstrap base set) provide ifconfig,ifup; required by OpenVZ to enable venet networking.

debootstrap --arch i386 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777

=== Jessie (current oldstable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 jessie /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 jessie /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Wheezy (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Squeeze (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Lenny (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian/

=== Etch (very old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Sarge (deeply old release) ===

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

== Preparing the HN network ==
Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.
### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node enable packet forwarding to forward
# packets between the HN network interfaces and venet.
# Proxy arp is needed when CT is in a different subnet
# or when using veth AND veth is not bridged to a HN
# interface. When veth is bridged to a HN interface,
# the CT handles its own arps.

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

== Preparing and starting the VE ==

=== Setting VE config ===
First, we need a config for the [[VE]]:
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (''confirmed''), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

=== Setting VE OSTEMPLATE ===
Also, we need <tt>OSTEMPLATE</tt> to be set in VE configuration file, for [[vzctl]] to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-6.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

=== Setting VE IP address ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

{{Note|if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in [[Using NAT for VE with private IPs]].}}

=== Setting DNS server for VE ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

=== Creating /dev/ptmx ===
The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.
sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

=== Starting VE ===
Now start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 777

== Customizing the installation ==
A few things need to be done inside a newly created VE for it to become suitable for OpenVZ. Enter the VE to begin the configuration (note: if running a wheezy container on a squeeze hardware node, you'll need to manually install a newer version of vzctl (the one from wheezy will be fine - http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/vzctl) due to this bug: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683454 - without making this change, the enter command will hang). Exporting the path is optional.
sudo vzctl enter 777
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

{{Warning|Do not run the commands below on the hardware node, they are only to be run within the VE!}}

=== Set Debian repositories ===
The list shown is for wheezy, and downloading from US located servers - adjust your release name and mirror location as necessary
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates main contrib
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main
## backports - ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO
# deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian-backports/ wheezy-backports main
EOF

=== Get new security updates ===
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

=== Install some more packages ===
Installing packages could be an interactive process so the system might ask some questions. You can install more packages if you'd like. For example:
apt-get install ssh quota less

=== Set sane permissions for <tt>/root</tt> directory ===
chmod 700 /root

=== Disable root login ===
This will disable root login by default.
usermod -L root

=== Disable getty ===
Disable running <tt>getty</tt>s on terminals as a VE does not have any:
sed -i -e '/getty/d' /etc/inittab

=== Disable <tt>sync()</tt> for syslog ===
Turn off doing <tt>sync()</tt> on every write for <tt>syslog</tt>'s log files, to improve I/O performance:
<pre>sed -i -e 's@$[[:space:]]$$/var/log/$@\1-\2@' /etc/*syslog.conf</pre>

=== Fix <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> ===
Link <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> to <tt>/proc/mounts</tt>, so <tt>df</tt> and friends will work:
rm -f /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

=== Remove some unneeded packages ===
If you have any packages you'd like to remove, now's the time for it. Here's an example — note that not all of those packages are installed by default in Debian Squeeze (although they were in earlier versions):

dpkg --purge modutils ppp pppoeconf pppoe pppconfig module-init-tools

=== Disable services ===

Do not start some services, stick to bare minimum. This step is release dependent.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# turn off and stop some services
for i in bind9 quotarpc fetchmail ondemand rsync uuidd wide-dhcpv6-client; do
systemctl stop $i
systemctl disable $i
done

# for upstart services comment out the start on in confs
for i in nmbd smbd samba-ad-dc rpcbind; do
systemctl disable $i
done
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

update-rc.d-insserv -f klogd remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f inetd remove

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====

update-rc.d -f klogd remove
update-rc.d -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d -f inetd remove

=== Fix SSH host keys ===
This is only useful if you installed SSH. Each individual [[VE]] should have its own pair of SSH host keys. The code below will wipe out the existing SSH keys and instruct the newly-created [[VE]] to create new SSH keys on first boot.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# Save /etc/rc.local copy
mv /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.orig

# ssh host keys hack
echo "#!/bin/sh
rm -f etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
systemctl restart ssh
mv -f /etc/rc.local.orig /etc/rc.local
" > /etc/rc.local

chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*

<source lang="bash">
cat << EOF > /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
### END INIT INFO
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ""
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ""
insserv -r /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
rm -f \$0
EOF
</source>
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
insserv /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====


<source lang="bash">
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
cat << EOF > /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ''
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ''
rm -f \$0
EOF
chmod a+x /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
</source>

=== Change timezone ===

You might want to change timezone if you do not live in $UTC. The following example is for Germany

<source lang="bash">
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
</source>
or even better
<source lang="bash">
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</source>

=== Create vzfifo script (for Jessie only) ===

This step is required '''for Jessie only''' (and is handled automatically by vzctl for earlier Debian releases). It ensures that <code>vzctl start --wait</code> works as expected.

<source lang="bash">
# Create vzfifo service
cat >> /lib/systemd/system/vzfifo.service << EOF
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Tell that Container is started
ConditionPathExists=/proc/vz
ConditionPathExists=!/proc/bc
After=multi-user.target quotaon.service quotacheck.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/bin/touch /.vzfifo
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=no
SysVStartPriority=99

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Enable service
for service in vzfifo; do
systemctl enable $service > /dev/null 2>&1
done
</source>

=== Clean packages ===
After installing packages, you'll have some junk packages laying around in your cache. Since you don't want your template to have those, this command will wipe them out.
apt-get clean

Now everything is done. Exit from the template and go back to the hardware node.
exit

== Preparing for and packing template cache ==

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from ''/etc/resolv.conf'' file '''in VE''':
sudo editor /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove ''/etc/hostname'' file '''in VE''':
sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:
sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:
cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace <tt>i386</tt> with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).
sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:
# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

== Checking if template cache works ==
We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change <tt>i386</tt> to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.
sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:
sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

== Final cleanup ==
Stop and remove the test VE you just created:
sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:
sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-6.0-i386-minimal"
If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See ''man vzctl'' for a list of available modules.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Best practices for development of EZ templates

2017-08-05T07:54:03Z

Narcisgarcia: OpenVZ 6

{{Virtuozzo}}
{{Note|For OpenVZ 6 recommended pages are [[Deploying Debian VEs without Templates]] and [[Debian template creation]]}}

<translate>

This article lists recommendations for those willing to create EZ templates for Virtuozzo. Please consider them to be able to create EZ templates that can be included in the Virtuozzo distribution. Each recommendation has originated in the development and maintenance of Virtuozzo container templates. As the [https://src.openvz.org/projects/OVZT list of supported EZ templates] is evergrowing, before submitting your work make sure the same template has not been already submitted by someone else.


* Make sure your EZ template does not share RPMs with other EZ templates. For example, if you submit a mysql application template, make sure that the mysql package is used only by it and not any other application template, e.g., wordpress.
* Minimize the number of RPMs in packages files. For example, do not list every RPM implied by dependencies.
* Use ''setname'' when you modify an OS EZ template. This will help you avoid code duplication.
* Make sure all your scripts have error-handling routines and return 0.
* Add comments explaining the reasoning behind the code in scripts that is not intuitively clear.
* Make your EZ templates as universal as possible. Avoid specific modifications like localization, time zones, etc.
* Avoid using complex routines in your scripts to make them easier to maintain.
</translate>

[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Contributions]]
[[Category:Templates]]

Installation on Debian 7

2017-07-16T09:13:24Z

Narcisgarcia: /* See also */ Installation on Debian/old was orphan

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 7 "Wheezy" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 7 "Wheezy" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

=== /vz file system ===

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

=== apt pre-setup ===

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

Run the following:

<pre><nowiki>cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz-rhel6.list
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy main
# deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy-test main
EOF</nowiki></pre>

{{Note|The second line with wheezy-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}

Import GPG key used for signing repository:

<pre><nowiki>wget ftp://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key
apt-key add archive.key</nowiki></pre>

Update the local cache:
apt-get update

== Kernel installation ==

Limited OpenVZ functionality is supported when you run a recent 3.x kernel (check [[vzctl for upstream kernel]]), so OpenVZ kernel installation is optional but still highly recommended.

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-amd64

Or, if you still have i686:

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686

== System configuration ==



Please make sure the following steps are performed before rebooting into OpenVZ kernel.

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Tools installation ==

{{Out|Before installing tools, please read about [[vzstats]] and opt-out if you don't want to help the project.}}

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed:

# apt-get install vzctl vzquota ploop vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

Now reboot the machine and choose an entry with word "openvz" in the boot loader menu (it should be default choice).

== Download OS templates ==

{{Note|this step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.}}

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

Download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or directly from [http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ download.openvz.org/template/precreated], or from one of the [[Download mirrors|mirrors]]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie)
* [[Installation on Debian/old]] for older, unsupported versions of Debian.

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Hosting providers

2017-07-16T09:10:11Z

Narcisgarcia: /* OpenVZ hosting providers */ Andorra

'''OpenVZ is free and open implementation of Virtuozzo containers for Linux.
Don't forget to keep [[testimonials|testimonial]] and [[donate]] to OpenVZ.'''

OpenVZ makes for a great hosting platform for VPS hosting. The providers below offer VPS services using OpenVZ.

= OpenVZ hosting providers =



== Andorra ==
* [https://www.actiu.net/pro/ Actiu informatica] amb servidors dins i fora del principat.

== Argentina ==

* [http://www.g2khosting.com/ G2K Hosting] We offers OpenVZ containers with high level hardware technology from 25 US with Control Panel, various Linux Dists and full support.
* [http://www.wiredhosting.com.ar/ WiredHosting] We offers XEN and OpenVZ containers with SSD drives, cloudflare security and weekly backups to protect your information. Phone and Helpdesk support.
* [http://www.ihserver.net/ IHServer] Specialized virtualization on OpenVZ containers at Gigared datacenter. We have in Argentina one of the better fiber connection to the US, but also provides services from LSTN in Texas.
* [https://www.fulltech.com.ar/ Full Tech Solutions] Specializes in the virtualization of OpenVZ & Virtuozzo containers, installed in the Full Tech Solutions Data Center located in Villa Elisa, Entre Rios Argentina. It also offers services hosted in the United States, Netherlands and Germany
* [https://www.neolo.com/ Neolo] We provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter in South America with double internet provider. Choose your Linux OS and apps. Full support.
* [https://www.infranetworking.com.ar/ Infranetworking] All our Cloud VPS container solutions for Argentine customers are powered by the all mighty OpenVZ virtualization software.

== Australia ==

[https://www.conetix.com.au/ Conetix Hosting] Specialising in business grade, fully managed Virtuozzo containers with Virtuzzo Cloud Storage. 100% Australian owned and operated. Brisbane based DC with Enterprise Dell servers.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS located at Equinix SY3 in Sydney, one of the best and well-connected datacenters in the region.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/australia-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Australia.

== Austria ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [https://kapper.net/ kapper.net] kapper.net offers OpenVZ and Virtuozzo (and other HyperVisors) based server-solutions with kind support and 24x7 maintenance.
* [https://mdhost.eu/vserver.php MDHost.eu] New Hosting Provider with nice Prices and many Server locations. Austria, Germany, France and more.
* [https://www.snb.at/ SNB] offers OpenVZ containers and support's also existing vm's in customers environment
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/austria-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Austria.

== Brazil ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.com.br/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.globalmedia.com.br/ GlobalMedia] We offers OpenVZ containers hosted on a very fast network with fast setup. Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS.
* [http://www.host1plus.com.br/ Host1Plus] Servers hosted in São Paulo. We offering reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from $5.00 per month.
* [http://www.ipdeck.net/ IPDECK] VPS Linux server from R$15,00/month! Fully customizable according to your needs.
* [http://www.quantive.com.br/ QuantiveHost] VPS Linux with 99.99% uptime. Prices starting from R$ 29,35.
* [https://www.elevahost.com.br/ Eleva host] Server hosted in Brazil. The best support.

== Bulgaria ==


* [https://www.cyberhour.com CyberHour.com] CyberHour.com is an [https://www.cyberhour.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Europe. The provide blazing fast servers and premium Bandwidth of 200Mbps. With high privacy protection.
* [https://www.linuxssdvps.com Bulgaria VPS] Linux SSD VPS is an [https://www.linuxssdvps.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [http://www.webuzo.net Bulgaria VPS] Webuzo Network is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [https://vpsbg.eu/en Bulgaria VPS] VPSBG.eu is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin.
* [http://www.bul.net/ Bul.net] Provides OpenVZ based VPS, perfect user/VPS management via [http://ispsystem.com VDSManager]. Instant creation after online payment. Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS with ISPManager Control panel. Optimal price policy.
* [http://www.cointech.eu/vps-hosting/ CoInTech] provides OpenVZ based VPS containers, free webmin managment. Containers can be CentOS, Slackware, Ubuntu, custom or our special [http://www.mandriva.com Mandriva Linux] container with own [http://mandriva.cointech.net repository].
* [http://www.rax.bg/ RAX.bg] Offers OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management, Instant setup, CentOS (OS).
* [http://www.jump.bg/ Jump.bg] Provides OpenVZ VPS servers hosted on a redundant network which provides a very easy to manage platform for all clients which gain instant access to their OS ( Ubuntu, CentOS , Debian etc ... )
* [https://www.fitvps.com/ FitVPS.com] Offers affordable and reliable OpenVZ based VPS in Varna, Bulgaria. Own data center, own multihomed network, with SLA. Instant automatic setup, SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.qhoster.com/ QHoster.com] Instant activation OpenVZ VPS in UK, USA, Germany, France and Switzerland. Both 32/64 bit OpenVZ OS VPS templates : CentOS 5/6, Debian 6/7, Ubuntu 12/13.
* [https://www.verdina.net Verdina.NET] Verdina.net offers dedicated hosting services, provided by powerful dell hardware. Servers are located in Telepoint Datacenter, a Tier 3 DC located in Sofia, Bulgaria.
* [https://www.vps.ag/ VPS.AG] Affordable and reliable OpenVZ VPS based in Sofia, Bulgaria. Instant setup and 24/7 support.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/bulgaria-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Bulgaria.

== Canada ==

* [https://whc.ca/canadian-cloud-servers Web Hosting Canada Cloud Servers] - Powerful Cloud servers powered by OpenVZ and located in Canadian datacenters, with fast RAID-10 storage, fully managed with cPanel.
* [http://compevo.com compevo Clustered VPS Server Hosting Provider] - We offer clustered VPS Servers to avoid downtime and dataloss. Our network and service is second to none and is used by businesses around the world.
* [http://www.datacorporate.ca/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.miditech.com/ MidiTech Hosting Canada] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech Canada are powered by VMware, . Fully Managed VPS with control panels
* [http://www.gotekky.com Gotekky Cloud VPS Hosting] High quality Cloud VPS packages powered by our own infrastructure and network in Toronto. Scalable from our $5/mo plan all the way to your own dedicated cloud server. Based on OpenVZ and our own proprietary panel.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://secure.media-hosts.com/link.php?id=7 Media-Hosts.com] Provides Quality and Scalable OpenVZ based Virtual Private Servers. 100% network uptime guaranteed. Located in Montreal Quebec with 5 Tier1 upstream providers.
* [http://www.openvz.ca OpenVZ.ca] Canadian Budget VPS Servers on OpenVZ Platform.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://protoserver.com ProtoServer] Advanced VPS Hosting from $4.95/month. Many pre-installed VPS Templates available (CMS, E-commerce, Web development, Online community, Media streaming, etc.) No bundles or service plans - mix VPS resources as needed and change VPS configuration anytime. Also offering DNS Hosting, E-mail hosting, Domains Registration.
* [http://www.vistapages.com/vps Vistapages VPS] - IBM & Dell Hardware. MCI/Verizon Backbone. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian & more. Full management available. Located in Toronto.
* [http://vpsville.ca/ VPSVille] - Good network. Good CPU. Good choice of distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, CERN. My favorite OpenVZ provider. [mailto:jak@isp2dial.com John Kelly]
* [http://solib.ca/services-offerts/hebergement-haute-vitesse/serveurs-vps/ SOLIB Logiciel Libre Québec] Our company offers DDoS protected server solutions including OpenVZ containers. Very high availability and reliability, all our VPS are located in Quebec, Canada.
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU, DDoS Protection from $4.95/month
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/canada-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Canada.

== Colombia ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.co/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.

== Czech Republic ==

* [http://4smart.cz 4Smart.cz] - prepaid, you are charged only by the system resources you use, therefore you can run a VPS for as little as 1 EUR a month if your vps is not resource hungry. Even if you pay 0,50 EUR month, you still have 3 GB of RAM and 8 cores available to you VPS.
* [http://www.freecloud.cz FREECLOUD.CZ] - Free OpenVZ VPS Server - own IP, 800Mhz CPU, 512MB RAM, 50Mbits LAN, 10GB HDD, 100GB Traffic - Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Slackware, Fedora, Centos
* [http://www.hukot.cz Hukot.cz] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 2.92 €, XEON, 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Scientific, SuSe, Fedora, Elastix.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://www.ultimatehosting.eu UltimateHosting.eu] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from $8 with custom configuration - up to 100 GB HDD, 2048 MB RAM, 2 GHz CPU, and unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.mujhost.net MUJHOST.NET] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 160 Kč, 100Mbps / 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ...

== Chile ==

* [http://www.1h.cl/ 1h.cl Vps - Chile] - VPS High Performance with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.1hosting.cl/ 1hosting Virtual servers - Chile] - VPS Professional with OpenVZ
* [http://www.dch.cl/ DCH] - DCH.cl Hosting Chile - High Performance VPS Servers with OpenVZ
* [http://ecohosting.cl/ EcoHosting.cl Santiago - Chile] - VPS with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.hostingplus.cl/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Chile
* [http://www.hostname.cl/ Hostname Ltda] - VPS Hosting with Datacenter in Chile
* [http://www.inc.cl/ INC Internet Limitada] - VPS Hosting provider in Chile

== Denmark ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/denmark-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Denmark.

== Ecuador ==

* [http://www.dedi.space/ DediSpace Telecom] - VPS Servers in Ecuador - USA, France, Germany, Ecuador Datacenter.

== France ==

* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in France from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.fixweb.com Fixweb] Great managed hosting provider with strong anti ddos solution - openvz only - leader in managed openvz solution with horizontal scaling and high availability
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Roubaix with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://www.harmony-hosting.com Harmony-Hosting] A high performance VPS hosting - The leader in France
* [https://www.delimiter.com/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [http://www.lws.fr/serveur_dedie_linux.php LWS - Linux VPS ] - Linux VPS Hosting - Only 9.99€/month, Affordable and Secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, web hosting control panel Included. French datacenter
* [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/ OVH VPS] linux from 3€/month, [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/vps-cloud.xml windows] from 12€/month.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [https://VPSZ.FR VPSZ] VPS Hosting in France. Starting from 2,99€, Unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.1euro-hosting.eu BEST EU VPS - 1€ Hosting] - Providing reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from 8€
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Shape Host - Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU from $4.95/month
* [https://www.yoorshop.fr/ YOORshop SAS] - High performance SSD Linux VPS within 13 countries in Europe, daily backup included. Starting from €6,95 /month
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU

== Germany ==

* [https://myvirtualserver.com/aff.php?aff=434 MyVirtualServer]: Cheap VPS (OpenVZ/KVM, 5TB Traffic, 10Gigabit), servers located in Frankfurt (best ping, starting 1.99€) good support (en/de)
* [http://afterburst.com Afterburst (Previously FanaticalVPS)]: affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in Germany.
* [http://www.b2b-hosting.de/vps/ B2B Hosting]: Professional virtual servers for business applications. Performance and reliability at a fair price. Made with OpenVZ.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany from 1.88EUR/month.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/dedicated-servers/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Frankfurt with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://hostmist.com/openvz-vps-germany.html Host Mist]: features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting in Germany.
* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] Servers based in Frankfurt am Main. Offering reliable OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany starting from $2.50 per month.
* [http://www.hostingjuice.com/ HostingJuice] The Superioum VPS and Web Hosting provider, low prices - Premium packages.
* [http://www.ingate.de/managed-server.html Ingate] offers managed servers with openVZ virtualization. located in germany, great support.
* [http://linevast.de/angebote/linux-openvz-vserver-mieten.html Linevast] Reliable OpenVZ based VPS with fast support, located in germany
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://www.plambee.de/vserver.php Plambee.de Webhosting]: Powerfull OpenVZ based VPS servers at low cost with hosting in Germany
* [http://www.serverbiz.de/vserver Serverbiz] Powerful VPS at very low prices.
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers located in Munich Germany.
* [http://www.vStarVPS.com vStarVPS]: Reliable VPS Hosting at lowest prices, with 99.9% uptime, Premium Unmetered Bandwidth and Custom HDD/RAM of your choice. Instant and FREE Setup. RapidLeech Allowed.
* [http://whynotavps.com WhyNOTaVPS]: Instant activated VPS SERVERS!!
* [http://squote.de/index.php?ref=1421485383 SQuote]: SQuote VPS Hosting and more. VPS 1 Core, 1.024MB RAM, 512MB RAM SWAP, 50 GB HDD, 1x IPv4. 3,89EUR/month. For the best VPS SQuote.de
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/germany-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Germany.

== Guatemala ==

* [http://www.globalnetcafe.com/gnc/menu/hospedaje.htm Global Net Cafe]: Servicios de hospedaje, reseller, vps, colocacion y servidores. Incluyendo OpenVZ.

== Hong Kong ==

* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] features unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Hong Kong as well as 3 USA locations. Unparalleled connectivity to the Asia Pacific. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS in Hong Kong, located at the Pacnet datacenter.
* [http://vps.timway.com/linux_vps.html Timway VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold hosting provider focused on being security conscious and offering a positive client experience. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/hong-kong-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Hong Kong.

== Hungary ==

* [http://elin.hu/index.php?menu=8&nyelv=hu&cim=Virtualis-szerver Virtual server] OpenVZ server: 2xX5650 Intel Xeon, 32GB RAM, 15.000rpm SAS disks, 100Mbit/s, unlimited bandwith.
* [https://www.ivirtual.co/vps-hosting/ iVirtual.co ] OpenVZ Master Server: 2x Intel Xeon @ 3.0GHZ, 64 GB ECC Ram, 15k RPM SAS HDD's, 1Gbit/s Network, Unlimited bandwith.

== Iceland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== India ==

* [https://www.geniushost.in Genius Host] Fully managed [https://www.geniushost.in SSD Web Hosting] offered by Genius Host are powered by ''OpenVZ'' With LiteSpeed Web Server & Mariadb.

* [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu Ap.Muthu] sponsored by [http://www.gnuacademy.org GNUAcademy], [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] and [http://www.sacollege.net S A College] creates OpenVZ Templates for the Open Source Community and provides hosting in datacenters of clients choice or on site.

* [http://www.milesweb.com/vps-hosting.php Milesweb VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by Milesweb are powered by ''VMware, OpenVZ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.

* [https://www.hostsoch.in/windows-hosting.html HostSoch Windows Hosting] Windows hosting offered by HostSoch are powered by ''Windows 2012, ASP.NET, MVC, IIS, PHP and More''. 99.9% Uptime, 24/7 Dedicated support guaranteed.

* [https://www.miditech.co.in/ MidiTech VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech are powered by ''VMware, ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.

* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ Freaksol VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping to India,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers

* [http://overlineindia.net/vpshosting-p-62.html Overline India VPS Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ

* [http://www.vpshostingindia.net/ VPS Hosting India, Fully Managed Server] A Committed Fully Managed VPS Server for Hosting solution in India, Complete Technical Support assistance with commitment of fast, clustered and most supportive DataCenters.

* [https://cochinwebhost.in/budget-vps-hosting/ Low Cost VPS Hosting] Fast SSD VPS Server for Hosting Solutions at budget prices with 24x7 Technical Support.

* [http://vpsbeach.com VpsBeach Managed Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ

* [http://www.datacorporate.in/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.

* [http://www.servers.co.in/vps/vps_hosting.php Server Web Hosting] Offers Fully Managed OpenVZ VPS Web hosting in India/US/UK at affordable and cheap rates with best hardware quality and customer service 24/7/365 days

* [http://www.hioxindia.com/virtual-private-server.php VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality VPS Virtual Private Server Hosting

* [http://www.prohosterz.com/linux-vps.php ProHosterZ VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality Virtual Dedicated Servers | Virtual Private Servers | XEN VPS | OpenVZ VPS | Virtual Hosting
*[http://www.fastwebhost.in/vps-hosting.html fastwebhost VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by fastwebhost are powered by ''VPS hosting, virtual server hosting and Linux VPS hosting services''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/india-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in India.

== Iran==

* [http://www.ehost.ir EHost.ir] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus , 12 Gb Ram , 100Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk
* [http://www.vpsfa.com VPSFa.com] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus - , 24Gb Ram , 1000Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk

== Italy ==

* [http://www.hosting-italia.net hosting italia] - OpenVZ Servers and panel enduser Virtualizor Intel® Core™ i7-920 Quad-Core 48 GB DDR3 RAM - Guaranteed Bandwidth 200 Mbit/s
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/italy-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Italy.

== Liechtenstein ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== Lithuania ==

* [http://www.cloudlix.com/ CloudLix.com] - Managed and unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based on 2.6.32 kernel. Up to 20GHz (Intel SandyBridge) CPU and 10GB RAM. Located in Vilnius and Siauliai.
* [http://www.databank.lt/ databank.lt] - high-quality professional OpenVZ hosting with cloud computing solutions.
* [https://www.lavavps.lt/ lavavps.lt] - Professional high-quality OpenVZ containers (VPS servers) affordable for everyone. Powerful control panel for VPS management.
* [http://www.serveriai.lt/ Serveriai.lt] - Affordable OpenVZ containers on quality HP hardware. Wide choice of virtual dedicated servers up to 8 CPU cores and 8 GB RAM. Full management available. Located in Vilnius.
* [http://www.time4vps.eu/ Time4VPS.EU] - Powerful cloud technology based infrastructure will let you build custom virtual machine and pay only for what you really need. Located in Vilnius city.
* [https://www.vpsnet.lt/en/ VPSnet.lt] - Powerful and high quality servers for a competitive price in Lithuania (Eastern Europe).
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/lithuania-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Lithuania.

== Latvia ==

* [http://www.altnet.lv/ Altnet] - Hosting and colocation services. Any flawor, you name it.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/latvia-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Latvia.

== Luxembourg ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/luxembourg-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Luxembourg.

== Malaysia ==

* [http://www.cubiex.com/ Cubiex] - Malaysia Affordable Web Hosting and Domain Name. Affordable Linux VPS Hosting in Malaysia. OpenVZ based, Quad Core Xeon node. cPanel/WHM and DirectAdmin also available.
* [https://controlvm.com ControlVM] ControlVM Technology offering OpenVZ VPS in Singapore, Malaysia, USA and Germany.

== Malta ==

* [http://www.a6it.com/ A6iT] - Stable, quality managed OpenVZ VPSs based in Malta. Redundant network.

== Morocco ==

* [http://www.belsemtech.com/ BelsemTech.CoM] BelsemTech SARL offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from 300 DH. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.hostoweb.com/ HosToWeb] is the only company providing VPS hosting in Morocco Data Center.
* [http://www.adk-media.com/ ADK Media] provides affordable managed and unmanaged virtual servers based on OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM platforms. 24/7 Technical Support. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu and more.
* [http://www.naja7host.com/ Naja7Host.CoM] The Naja7host SARL provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform. Running on Full Quality Nodes of up to 8 CPU and 16 GB RAM. . All VPS's come with Real 24/7/365 Technical Support and cPanel free (if option selected ). Multiple choice of OS 32/64Bits (Centos, fedora, ubuntu, debian .ect ...)
* [http://www.lehoster.com/ Le Hoster] offers affordable Virtual Private Servers using the OpenVZ and KVM platform. Backed with our amazing customer support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/- WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU

== Netherlands ==

* [http://www.avanpad.com/ Avanpad] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting with 24\7 online support. Customer can request different control panels or templates for installation on his VPS.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Netherlands from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping around the world,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] Number 1 Netherlands Provider HostSailor provides affordable & high quality services such as VPS (XEN, OpenVZ and KVM) Linux or Windows, Dedicated servers, SSL certificates and domain name services.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ SSD VPS in Telecity AMS 5, one of the best datacenters located in the Amsterdam area.
* [https://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Amsterdam, Netherlands with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.liteserver.nl/ LiteServer] Looking for a quality and affordable VPS in the center of The Netherlands? We provide SSD, Storage and High Bandwidth VPSes, starting at only €16 per year. We operate AS60404.
* [https://www.mangelot-hosting.nl/ Mangelot Hosting] Mangelot Hosting, A webhosting company located in the Netherlands, offers budget OpenVZ hosting solutions for maximum scalability en performance.
* [http://www.osbox.nl OsBoX Dutch Network Engineering] Cheap VPS host as low as $1 per month. Very great uptime and a overall good support. Check the website for the server plans.
* [http://www.signet.nl/ Signet VPS Hosting] - Signet delivers VPS hosting plans based on CentOS or Debian templates, including control-panel Virtualmin.
* [http://simple-webhosting.eu/ Simple-webhosting.eu] - OpenVZ based web hosting starting from €0.98 per month.
* [http://www.touchvps.com/ TouchVPS] is a company who offer Support and Managed Services for OpenVZ Servers ,also offer templates for openvz ready to go with cPanel , DirectAdmin , Plesk , Games, IRC Services, Desktop and many more.
* [http://www.voipcomplete.com/product-overview/dedicated-vps.html VOIPcomplete] offers dedicated VPS plans based on CentOS including a VPS management interface.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [https://www.totallyhosted.nl/ TotallyHosted] OpenVZ based Premium VPS services located in the Netherlands @ Serverius DC.
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/- WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/netherlands-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Netherlands.

== Norway ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/norway-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Norway.

== Philippines ==

* [http://www.web.com.ph/vps.php Web.com.ph] - provides OpenVZ virtual servers in the Philippines.

== Perú ==

* [https://www.hn.pe/ Hostname] Hostname offers business OpenVZ containers in Perú
* [https://www.inchosting.pe/ HostingINC SAC] OpenVZ virtualization solutions for business in Perú.
* [http://www.hostingplus.pe/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Peru
* [http://www.hostingandino.pe/ Hostingandino Lima - Peru] - VPS with OpenVZ in Peru
* [https://www.mejorhosting.pe/ Mejor Hosting Perú] Hosting comparison for peruvian hosting providers.

== Poland ==

* [http://hosteam.pl/ HosTeam] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting from their DataCenter in Poland. Customer has choice of all major Linux distros (WARNING!!! restoring your backup is VERY expensive and they charge even if it wasn't restored correctly!), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE!

* [http://ultimahost.pl/ UltimaHost] high grade OpenVZ VPS and FreeBSD jail (DC in Łódź, Poland), brand of statnet.pl, SSD available for more expensive packets, NO IPV6 AVAILABLE (but they can load you tun module)

* [http://budgetvps.pl/ BudgetVPS] very cheap, low end grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), brand of hitme.net.pl

* [http://hitme.net.pl/ HitMe] high grade OpenVZ/Xen PV/Xen HVM VPSes (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE (/64 on demand for free)!

* [http://www.kr-cpd.pl/oferta/serwery-vps/ KR-CPD] Cracow's Center of Data Processing (DC of course in Cracow, Poland)

* [http://livenet.pl Livenet] cheap, middle/low end OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Łódź, Poland)

* [http://slaskdatacenter.pl/ Śląsk Data Center] high/middle grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Silesia province, Poland), SSD available for more expensive packets

* [https://www.ionic.pl/ IONIC.pl] VPS OpenVZ with SolusVM control panel, own DC in Cracow

== Portugal ==

* [http://www.ptservidor.pt/ PTServidor] - OpenVZ virtual servers with free management based in Portugal.
* [http://www.efeito.net/ Weblevel.pt] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in Portugal.
* [https://www.webtuga.pt/ WebTuga] - Managed/Unmanaged Virtual Private Servers hosted in a Portuguese Datacenter with lots of extras
* [https://www.cloudfire.pt/ CloudFire] - OpenVZ VPS at very low prices hosted in Portugal
* [https://www.linxisp.com/ LINXISP] - High Availability & Performance OpenVZ Containers
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] - Build an OpenVZ VPS in 14 locations WordWide From £2.49

== Romania ==

* [http://www.intovps.com IntoVPS] - offers unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based in Romania, Netherlands and USA. A lot of resources for decent prices.
* [http://www.ename.ro/dedicated.html eName] - managed OpenVZ virtual servers in Bucharest, Romania
* [http://www.ch-center.com/virtual-servers Ch-center] - unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers, based in Romania in it's own Data Center
* [http://www.clouds.ro/servere-virtuale/ Clouds] - OpenVZ virtual servers hosted on premium hardware, in Romania
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] HostSailor provides affordable & high quality OpenVZ and KVM servers in Romania
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS

== Russia ==

* [http://www.ihc.ru/vps.html IHC.RU] - VPS hosting in Moscow, Russia starting at $10/month with good set of precreated templates
* [http://mchost.ru/services/linux-vps/ McHost.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from McHost.
* [http://hosting.agava.ru/vps/ AGAVA] - Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ.
* [http://vdsplanet.ru/ VDSPlanet.ru] - unmanaged VDS/VPS hosting starting at 3.99$ a month. Large variety of OS templates and free ISPmanager Lite control panel. Total automation is our goal.
* [http://www.demos.ru/service/datacenter/vps.html Demos-Internet] - we offer OpenVZ Virtual Private Server based on Linux. All VPS come with ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.net.ru/service/net9/ www.net.ru] - OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://www.eurobyte.ru/ Eurobyte.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from Eurobyte.
* [http://www.telekom.ru/service/vps.html Elvis Telekom] - OpenVZ hosting with base and cpanel templates from Elvis Telekom.
* [http://fastvps.ru/vds/ FastVPS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Hetzner, MayFlower.
* [https://lepus.su/vps.html Lepus] - OpenVZ hosting, SSD, ISPmanager free, Hetzner.
* [http://www.hts.ru/vds/ HTS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ in Moscow.
* [https://selectel.ru/services/vds/ Selectel] - OpenVZ hosting.
* [https://galaxydata.ru/root-server/ GalaxyData] - Virtuozzo Containers in Cloud Storage.
* [http://hosterbox.ru/servers/ Hosterbox.ru] - Managed VPS hosting. Based on OpenVZ + SolusVM + ISPmanager.

== Singapore ==

* [http://conceptlane.com/?t=hostingservices#ratesvps ConceptLane Pte Ltd] - OpenVZ VPS on dual octa-core AMD Opterons running Debian Wheezy 7, custom control panel with bandwidth graphs, reboot/reinit and web-based VNC access.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.qoxy.com/vps QOXY.com] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ VPS Hosting in a Singapore Data Center.
* [http://www.secureax.com/ SecureAX Pte Ltd] - Singapore Premium Internet Solution Provider
* [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] - Affordable and customised OpenVZ containers across 3 data centers - contact Thomas Festus at +65-66936881. [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu#Squeeze_based_Templates Sponsors OpenVZ Container Template]s for the Open Source community.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/singapore-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Singapore.

== Serbia ==
* [https://www.skyhosting.rs/en/vps-servers SkyHosting] - Fast Linux OpenVZ VPS SSD Hosting with SolusVM control panel.
* [https://www.ninet.rs/en/vps-servers NiNet Company] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers. Well known VPS hosting company from Serbia with their own data center
* [http://www.suonline.net SuOnline.Net ISP] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers, Docker enabled !!!

== South Africa ==

* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] - Local South African servers hosted in Johannesburg. OpenVZ VPS servers starting from $3.00 per month.
* [http://www.vps.co.za/ VPS.CO.ZA] - South Africa's oldest VPS provider. Local South African servers with SolusVM control panel. OpenVZ, Xen and OnApp Cloud.
* [http://247hosting.co.za/vpshosting.php 247Hosting] - OpenVZ virtual servers locally in South Africa with SolusVM control panel. cPanel option available!
* [http://www.SoftDux.co.za/ SoftDux] - OpenVZ virtual servers based America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel or Plesk control panels. XEN VPS's also available.
* [http://www.clickworks.co.za/ Clickworks] - OpenVZ / Xen VPS servers hosted in RSA. Backed by Solusvm control panel.
* [http://www.elitehost.co.za/ Elite Host] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel and unlimited bandwidth.
* [http://www.telasera.com/ Telasera] - OpenVZ VPS servers hosted in South Africa. Supermicro Servers powered by Intel Xeon with 24/7 Support.

== Spain ==

* [https://www.actiu.net/pro/ Actiu informatica]
* [http://www.corpresa.com/servidores-virtuales.html Corpresa Hosting] - Tiene algún proyecto entre manos y un plan de hosting no le hes sufuciente y un servidor dedicado no está dentro de su presupuesto?, una solución de VPS a medida será la que cubrirá todas sus necesidades."
* [https://www.datomedia.es Datomedia] - Cloud alta disponibilidad powered by Virtuozzo 6 y Servidores VPS bajo openvz y kvm.
* [https://www.evidaliahost.com/vps/ EvidaliaHosting] - Servidores VPS totalmente configurados con panel de gestión Plesk 12.5, garantía de devolución de 30 días y posibilidad de discos SSD.
* [https://ginernet.com/vps-ssd.php GINERNET] - Servidores VPS alojados en España desde 1.99€/mes.

== Sweden ==

* [https://www.admax.se/vps/ Admax] - Admax offers enterprise grade virtual servers with great pricing. Custom control panel, API, remote access & more.
* [https://www.acon.se/vps Acon VPS Server] - VPS Server and Dedicated server provider in Sweden.
* [https://www.glesys.com/vps.php GleSYS] - VPS Provider with a great control panel and good prices
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides the highest quality SSD VPS in Stockholm, Sweden. Based on completely pure SSD in RAID-10 and delivering extremely high network & hardware performance along with reliability.
* [https://www.nametyper.com NameTyper] - VPS and Shared hosting provider. Customize your own OpenVZ Container with 1-12 cores running on SSD and ECC RAM.
* [https://virtualcenter.se VirtualCenter] - The first Cloud provider with SSD VPS in Sweden. Offer enterprise class hardware and network infrastructure
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/sweden-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Sweden.

== Switzerland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/switzerland-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Switzerland.

== Tanzania==

* [http://www.aptus.co.tz/ Aptus Solutions] - OpenVZ / SolusVM VPS Servers located in Dar es Salaam - 100meg to TIX. CentOS & Ubuntu.

== UK ==

* [http://www.34sp.com/ 34SP.com] - We're a UK based web hosting company, bridging the gap between sophisticated hosting solutions & affordable prices
* [http://www.AceShells.com/ AceShells] - Fast, stable, high quality UK based virtual private servers from just £5 a month, operating since 2001
* [http://www.AtlanticServers.com/ Atlantic Servers] - Affordable VPS, stable, high quality VPS, UK based Data Centre
* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cheapvps.co.uk/ CheapVPS] - CheapVPS provide cheap, UK based OpenVZ VPS servers. Hosted on high end hardware, in a top UK datacenter backed up with 24/7/365 support. Choice from a wide range of Linux distros. OpenVZ VPS managed with SolusVM.
* [http://www.chilliserver.com/ Chilliserver] - Affordable plans starting from just £3.99, not oversold. RHEL6 Kernel with VSwap, TUN/TAP/FUSE and ACL support enabled. SolusVM control panel with custom snapshot system and rescue system. Based in a European data Centre with UK based support.
* [http://www.cislondon.co.uk/virtual-private-servers/ Commercial Internet Solutions] - CIS provides premium hosting at competitive rates, focused on Small Businesses within the M25 orbital. Hosting is on Dual Quad core Intel Xeon supermicro servers in Tier 4 datacenters around London.
* [http://www.datacorporate.co.uk/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.DubHosting.co.uk/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers. Their servers are located at UKGrid in Manchester with 24/7/365 support
* [http://www.europhase.net/virtual-private-servers/ Europhase UK Limited, UK VPS] - OpenVZ VPS Hosting, Virtual Dedicated Servers, UK VPS hosted at multiple UK datacentres from £4.99
* [http://www.farbyte.uk/vps Farbyte UK VPS] - UK based OpenVZ VPS and shared web hosting services
* [http://www.fdqwholesale.co.uk FDQ Wholesale] - UK based hosting services
* [http://www.hadrill.org.uk Hadrill Online] - Fully managed hosting with unlimited bandwidth. Quotes available through contact form.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./uk_vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks UK] Cheap, economical and reliable web hosting solutions, VPS based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with free FFMPEG setup on our vps servers. Also offers with a choice of selecting DataCenter.
* [https://www.laws-hosting.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Laws Web Hosting] - Laws Web Hosting offers OpenVZ VPS Hosting with packages starting from £5.50/m that will cater for anyone. We have OpenVZ VPS hosting solutions, and come with moderate DDoS protection.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] - LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.minivps.co.uk miniVPS] miniVPS offers VPS hosting solutions with nodes located in UK, utilising openvz/solusvm with future locations of USA and UK.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS] - Build an OpenVZ VPS in 14 locations WordWide From £2.49
* [http://www.phurix.co.uk/ Phurix] - A UK based web solutions company that provides you with reliable hosting at extremely affordable prices, VPS server virtualization using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.qualityservers.co.uk Quality Servers] - Affordable OpenVZ virtual servers based in the UK and USA. Choice of control panels and management options.
* [http://www.rshosting.co.uk/vps.html RSHosting UK] - Offering the most secure, reliable, stable and fast UK VPS Web Hosting based on OpenVZ architecture. Our Virtual Dedicated Servers are physically hosted on powerfull Quad Core servers located in multiple UK datacentres.
* [http://www.sharkserve.rs SharkServers] - Low Cost OpenVZ virtual servers in the UK. Choice of control panels and management options. Own Datacentre.
* [http://www.vpsmachine.co.uk/ vpsMachine] Quality openvz hosting platform with a large choice of customer OS templates.
* [https://www.webhost.uk.net/vps-hosting.html WebHostUK LTD] - Offers Cheap yet Best UK VPS Web Hosting working on OpenVZ Platform.We offers fully Managed UK VPS with true 24/7/365 days support.All our Servers are located in UK London DC.
* [http://www.webhostinguk.com/vps/vps-hosting.html Web Hosting UK] - Fully managed OpenVZ VPS Hosting offered on fast and reliable and affordable servers in UK & European datacenter with 24x7x365 days lightning fast support.
* [http://www.weycrest.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Weycrest VPS] - Low Cost, Stable OpenVZ and Parallels' Virtuozzo Virtual Private Server solutions. London UK Hosted at Coreix with a choice of operating systems, and root and control panel options.
* [http://www.xilo.net/virtual_private_servers-vps/ XILO] - UK-based hosting with UK-based support. VPS services offered with a choice of cPanel, Webmin and other useful applications, VoIP, SIP, VPN to name a few.
* [http://www.zxvps.co.uk/ ZxVPS VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold VPS based on the openVZ platform, using SolusVM management panel, VPS from 128mb - 2gb, cpanel, direct admin, kloxo, etc.
* [http://www.meteorvps.com/ MeteorVPS] - Professional, Non-Oversold amazing VPS plans pretty cheap using SolusVM management, range from 512MB -> 16GB
* [http://www.chvps.com/ CHVPS] - Switzerland Based VPS, Cheap Pricing with solusVM control panel.
* [http://domvps.com/ domVPS] - OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the USA, Germany, France & the Netherlands at a low cost.
* [http://www.gemvps.net/ GemVPS.NET] - UK (Manchester) Based Company, OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the UK & France on Fast nodes.
* [http://www.rackburst.net/ Rackburst] - UK SSD VPS Hosting with fast UK-based Live Support available from £1.49 per month.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/united-kingdom-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in UK.

== Ukraine ==

* [http://ekvia.com/ Ekvia] - VDS/VPS based on OpenVZ. Free trial 14 days. Domain registration for VDS/VPS.
* [http://www.gelihost.com/ Geliar Hosting Solutions] - Fast virtual dedicated servers based on OpenVZ. Geliar Hosting Solutions offering many control panels and other useful services.
* [http://www.hostpro.ua/ Hostpro.ua] - Full managed OpenVZ servers.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/ukraine-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Ukraine.

== USA ==

* [http://www.a2hosting.com A2 Hosting] is your high-performance [http://a2hosting.com/openvz-vps-hosting OpenVZ VPS Hosting] provider. Design your perfect [http://a2hosting.com/vps-hosting VPS Hosting] account today! Featuring SwiftServers and SSDs with page load speeds up to 300% faster compared to standard drives.
* [http://www.afterburst.com Afterburst] (Previously FanaticalVPS): affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in NY.
* [https://www.asurahosting.com/ AsuraHosting] offers powerful, reliable, and simple OpenVZ VPS to clients. AsuraHosting has a dedicated support team, and quality hosting; Pricing starts at just $5/month!
* [http://beyondhosting.net BeyondHosting.net] High Performance OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) Tier 1 US Datacenter.
* [http://buyvm.net BuyVM.net] DDoS Protection, three datacenter locations, Stallion control panel. Affordable quality VPS hosting since 2010!
* [https://www.binarycpu.com Binary Computer Solutions] has provided OpenVZ based Virtual Private Server hosting for over 5 years. Network outages are a thing of the past, and oversold services are never heard of here. Built on solid technology, with infrastructure to match - Binary Computer Solutions will give you hosting you need, without the cost others ask for. Starting at $30.00/mo.
* [http://www.bodhost.com/ Bodhost.com] Fast, Reliable and secure web hosting service with 24*7 free customer service.
* [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS.com] mix ‘n’ match your VPS; choose only the bandwidth, RAM, disk capacity, type of IP connection, level server redundancy, and the support/monitoring you want. [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS] is the 1st to offer you a highly-customized VPS solution, without making you pay for unused extra features.
* [https://www.budgetvm.com/openvz-linux-vps.php BudgetVM.com] Each server includes our industry-leading SLA, DDoS protection, 200Gbps networks and 7 * 24-hour customer support.
* [http://www.byethost.com Byethost.com] offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting as its main VPS solution, with the hypervm panel. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://cheaperasp.net CheaperASP.Net] provides Quality web hosting on the OpenVZ platform. You also help you get best options at [http://cheaperasp.net/godaddy-1-hosting-free-domain-promo/ affordable] cost.
* [http://www.chhost.net/vps.htm CH Hosting VPS Hosting] CH Hosting or chhost.net offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting. 24/7 Support. Upgrade/Downgrade your plan as needed on-the-fly without the risk of downtime. Since 2006. Non-Oversell
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in USA from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.cloudshards.com Cloud Shards] High Performance, reliable, stable and affordable OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) in data centers across the USA.
* [https://cloudgearhosting.com CloudGear Hosting] - offers OpenVZ hosting in 4 locations across the USA. Including free DDoS Protection and free SSL with cPanel.
* [http://www.datacorporate.com/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.cheapdomainnamesdot.com Domain Host SSL] provides Reliable web hosting with OpenVZ platform Since 2003, Located New York city, Atlanta, Los Angeles.
* [http://www.DubHosting.com/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers.
* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.evolucix.com/ Evolucix.com] Evolucix offers state of the art, professional, and reliable OpenVZ VPS solutions on top-notch hardware while providing quality support.
* [http://www.evolvedservers.com Evolvedservers.com] Openvz based vps servers. Hosted in Michigan, USA. 24/7 Support. Hosted in tier-3 and tier-4 datacenter's with multiple redundancies.
* [http://fastwebhost.com/vps-hosting.html Fastwebhost]: affordable cloud VPS servers using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.fliphost.net Fliphost.net]: Powerful, affordable instant setup VPS systems. Servers based in Phoenix Az with another location coming soon.
* [http://www.frontrangehosting.com Front Range Hosting]: SSD Cached KVM & OpenVZ VPS Hosting Prices Start at 2.00/mo, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
* [http://glesys.se GleSYS] is a hosting company specialized in serverhosting. Also offering VPS hosting mainly based on OpenVZ. GleSYS has provided access to server and Cisco hardware for developers from OpenVZ to find problem with VLAN implementation.
* [http://goodealhosting.com/ GOODEALHOSTING.com] Quality Hosting Solutions! Provides affordable unmanaged/managed VPS based on OpenVZ! start from $10.00, real 24/7 support.
* [http://gothost.net GotHost.net] Providing OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SolusVM. All nodes are Quad Core Xeon with RAID-10 for speed and redundancy. Budget plans starting at $7.99.
* [http://www.greengeeksvps.com/ GreenGeeks VPS Hosting] Green VPS Hosting. Dual Intel Xeon 64-Bit CPU's, DDR3 RAM, RAID-10 Storage Arrays. 24/7 Support. cPanel/WHM + more!
* [http://hostarmor.com HostArmor™] - is best known for low-cost and reliable shared hosting and dedicated servers. Recently the company expanded to offer OpenVZ virtual server plans at 8 worldwide locations, five in the U.S., one in Germany, one in France, and one in the Netherlands. VPS plans start at $13.99/month.
* [http://www.host4geeks.com Host4Geeks] - Host4Geeks is a premium Fully Managed VPS provider with datacenters across 2 locations in US and in UK. All servers offer a free cPanel license.
* [http://www.host1plus.com Host1Plus] - OpenVZ based virtual servers in Chicago and Los Angeles. VPS plans start at $2.00 per month.
* [http://www.hostavps.com HostAVPS] - Providing Fully Managed VPS's on both the West & East Coast.
* [http://www.hostcolor.com Host Color] - OpenVZ based virtual servers hosted in a Tier 4 class data center based out of South Bend, Indiana. Juniper managed, fully-redundant network with uplinks to Level 3, Cogent and Internap.
* [http://www.hostigation.com Hostigation] - High resource unmanage VPS hosting solutions.
* [http://www.hostingrails.com Hosting Rails] offers Rails-targeted OpenVZ VPS Hosting and updated Rails-ready OS images.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.hostmist.com Host Mist] features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting from four major cities across the US.
* [http://www.hostrush.com HostRush] Self managed, ssd vps for business and non business.
* [http://www.dailyhosting.net hostoople] We offer OpenVZ VPS hosting from Dallas Texas, Starting at $29.95/month
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] provides unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Atlanta, Dallas and Los Angeles with custom control panel. A large variety of Linux distros are available. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://www.hostwinds.com Hostwinds] Affordable managed/unmanaged VPS Solutions.
* [http://hostsia.com Hostsia] With HOSTSIA Web services, you can get an OpenVZ VPS for only $15.00/mo. Each OpenVZ VPS includes multiple free-of-charge bonuses and offers a 99.9% uptime guarantee. You can also use our charge-free Hepsia CP, which is available with each OS – it permits you to host an unmetered number of domains and comprises heaps of handy tools, which will help you better manage your site and your VPS web hosting account.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks] Cheap, reliable and secure VPS hosting solutions, based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with enhanced support quality round the clock.
* [http://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Los Angeles & New York with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.interserver.net/ InterServer Web Hosting] Fast & Reliable VPS - 24x7 Support. 99.9% Up-time, Hosting Since 1999!.
* [http://www.joinvps.com JoinVPS.com] ISPmanager OpenVZ based VPS hosting. 24/7 Technical Support. Free ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.lovevps.com LoveVPS] Budget VPS provider starting at $5.99/month located in the US with Xeon nodes.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99 Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://lylix.net LYLIX] offers affordable VPS hosting with a choice of eight different Linux distributions, dedicated VPS hosting, and specializes in Asterisk/VOIP based hosting including Trixbox, AsteriskNow, Elastix, and PBX-in-a-Flash. Popular choice for unmanaged IP-PBX services; entire infrastructure built on a High-availability (HA) network across three regional NOCs.
* [http://www.micfo.com Micfo.com] offers VPS hosting services for both Linux VPS hosting and Window VPS hosting on affordable price combined with world-class 24x7x365 support.
* [http://www.neostreams.info/neoshop/cart.php?gid=9 nEo Stream Services] Offer's Top Quality OpenVZ Servers, Starting at $18.95 per month! SolusVM Control panel , 7 day Money Back Guarantee , 24x7 Professional Support.
* [http://pogiweb.com/vps/ PogiWeb LLC] Instant and free setup. Includes SolusVM control panel and free level 1 support during first month.
* [http://www.theserverexperts.com TheServerExperts.com] TheServerExperts VPS line is the ideal solution for clients who require the control of a dedicated server matched with the affordability and simplicity of a traditional shared hosting account.
* [http://thenynoc.com New York NOC] affordable Linux VPS hosting out of New York and Chicago. Plans as low as $5 a month and are backed by a redundant infrastructure and 24/7 support.
* [http://railsplayground.com RailsPlayground.com] Ruby on Rails VPS with ready to go Rails images with the LxAdmin control panel
* [http://www.raidlogic.net RaidLogic.NET] RaidLogic.NET offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Miami, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Starting as low as $3.95/month.
* [http://www.ramhost.us RAM Host] RAM Host offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Kansas City, and Phoenix.
* [http://www.reconhosting.com Recon Hosting] Recon Hosting offers affordable OpenVZ VPS solutions where you get Quality Hosting at a Fraction of the price. Instant setup with the latest Operating System templates including cPanel.
* [http://www.rokabear.com Rokabear] Rokabear offers OpenVZ Linux VPS, Dedicated Server, and Colocation. All Hardware setup in High Availability mode including raided drives and redudnant power and network connections. With multiple upstream providers, Rokabear's connectivity is fast and reliable! Rokabear supports LAMP, Openvpn, and Asterisk configurations. VPSes start at $7.99!
* [https://www.rosehosting.com RoseHosting] offers OpenVZ Linux virtual servers equipped with Enterprise Grade SSD drives. All hosting plans are fully-managed with FREE 24/7 support, FREE website migration, FREE weekly backups and FREE server monitoring included.
* [http://www.rshosting.com/vps.html RSHosting.com] RSHosting offers the most secure, reliable and stable VPS - Virtual Private Servers based on OpenVZ architecture, powered by the most professional and qualified 24/7 lightening fast support.
* [http://www.servercomplete.com Server Complete, LLC] Server Complete offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Dallas, and Chicago.
* [http://www.servergrove.com ServerGrove] uses OpenVZ as the main virtualization platform for its state of the art VPS hosting services.
* [http://serverswarm.com ServerSwarm] provides stable, affordable, high performance OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://www.silverrack.com/ SilverRack VPS Hosting] - SilverRack provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.
* [http://www.spectrohost.com/ Spectro Host] - Offers performance VPS Servers running openvz. Always the most resources and never over committing OpenVZ nodes.
* [http://www.budgetvds.com/ BudgetVDS] - Offers VPS Servers running openvz we've been in business for 2 years now using openvz platform.
* [http://www.syera.net/ Syera Networks] Unmetered VPS From $18.88/M, 24/7 Support, OpenVZ/HyperVM, Instant Setup!, Free 1Gbps Upgrade with Coupon: syera1G
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers with 14 Tier 1 premium bandwidth providers.
* [http://www.tektonic.net TekTonic] provides VPS hosting services using both Virtuozzo and OpenVZ technology.
* [http://www.tigerservers.com/ TigerServers] - Provides affordable managed VPS based on OpenVZ. Servers located in Chicago, Illinois
* [http://www.tocici.com/ TOCICI VPS Hosting Services] Since 1995 TOCICI has offered web hosting services, with 24/7 support commitments and a strong non-oversell policy. Our purpose-built hosting infrastructure has serviced many organizations for over a decade. Offering OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and equipment leasing options, visit our website for prices and more details.
* [http://www.ultravps.com UltraVPS] UltraVPS offers managed and unmanaged OpenVZ-based VPS hosting utilizing dual CPU hardware nodes with redundant, high-performance RAID-10 storage. UltraVPS offers VPS servers with many popular control panel options and turn-key applications.
* [http://www.vpsfx.com VPSFX] VPSFX.com offers OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and dedicated servers.
* [http://www.Webhost.US.Com/linuxvps.html US Web Hosting] Webhost.US.Com offers powerful GUI based VPS management system with full OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM support.All our Virtual Private servers are fully Managed with 99.9% uptime and 24/7 top notch support.
* [http://unixservice.com Unixservice/unxsVZ] Low cost OpenVZ ONLY hosting we specialize in Mail, DNS and RADIUS multiple container hosting. At the world famous Market St. San Jose, CA Silicon Valley datacenter. Ping times from your containers to local yahoo and google sites guaranteed single digit ms times. Your containers are backed up at 4 local and 2 remote locations. Contact supportgrp at unixservice dot com.
* [http://www.vogenic.xyz Vogenic: Cloud Services] If you are searching for an upgrade to the shared hosting service, then you should consider our OpenVZ or KVM VPS hosting services.
* [http://vpslink.com VPSLink.com] provides virtual private server hosting on the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.vpsspeed.com/ VPSSpeed] - VPSSpeed provides unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS hosting with over 50 OS Templates, real 24/7/365 support and fast US servers. No overselling.
* [http://vpsnoc.com VPSNOC] offers unmanaged vps hosting based in the USA utilizing OpenVZ hypervisor behind an in-house VPS control panel.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.webappcabaret.com WebAppCabaret] provides VPS solutions for hosting applications. We offer OpenVZ with cPanel or Plesk for web site management; and NGASI Universal App Manager for deploying and managing JAVA and RAILS applications.
* [http://www.wirenine.com/vps-hosting/ WireNine.com VPS Hosting] Low cost fully managed and unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SAS 15k enterprise drives in high-performance RAID-10 storage.
* [http://www.zoidial.com/ Zoidial Hosting and VPS] - offers VPS and Virtual Dedicated Server solutions utilizing OpenVZ. In business since 1998, Zoidial Incorporated is a small hosting provider focused on being security conscious, proactive, and offering a positive client experience.
* [http://zensix.com ZenSix Hosting] Cheap OpenVZ based VPS accounts with the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://zigothosting.com Zigot Hosting] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ based VPS's within the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/usa-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in USA (Los Angeles, New Jersey, New York, Seattle, Washington, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, Ashburn, Miami, Piscataway).
* [http://www.xarixlite.com Xarix Lite] - offers OpenVZ hosting in Charlotte, SC. OpenVZ plans starting at $2.50/mo

== Vietnam ==

* [http://appvz.com AppVZ.com] (www.appvz.com) is a leading web solution provider offering domain, hosting, reseller and VPS hosting packages from 2009. Just recently, the company has offered discount packages where customers can avail managed and un-managed VPS for only $9.5 per month.

= Hosting providers comparison =

It is hard to compare all virtual private server offers provided by different hosting providers.
Sites below can help you with it.

* [https://www.cheapvpsservers.co.uk/ VPS Server Reviews]
* [https://www.hostingmyths.com/ Hosting Myths]
* [https://www.thehostbay.com/ TheHostBay]
* [https://www.exoticvps.com/ Exoticvps]
* [https://reviewsquirrel.com/web-hosting-reviews/ Review Squirrel]
* [http://wphostninja.com/5-websites-to-follow-to-buy-free-vps-hosting/ Freevpshosting]
* [http://lowendstock.com/ Lowendstock]
* [https://www.websitehostingrating.com/ Best Web Hosting Services]
* [http://serverbear.com/compare?Sort=RAM&Order=asc&Server+Type=VPS&Monthly+Cost=-&HDD=-&RAM=-&Virtualization=OpenVZ Serverbear]
* [http://wphostninja.com/black-friday-web-hosting-deals/ Black Friday Web Hosting]



= See also =

* [[Partners]]
* [[Download mirrors]]
* [[VPS vs Dedicated]]

Hosting providers

2017-07-16T09:06:36Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Spain */ Actiu informatica

'''OpenVZ is free and open implementation of Virtuozzo containers for Linux.
Don't forget to keep [[testimonials|testimonial]] and [[donate]] to OpenVZ.'''

OpenVZ makes for a great hosting platform for VPS hosting. The providers below offer VPS services using OpenVZ.

= OpenVZ hosting providers =



== Argentina ==

* [http://www.g2khosting.com/ G2K Hosting] We offers OpenVZ containers with high level hardware technology from 25 US with Control Panel, various Linux Dists and full support.
* [http://www.wiredhosting.com.ar/ WiredHosting] We offers XEN and OpenVZ containers with SSD drives, cloudflare security and weekly backups to protect your information. Phone and Helpdesk support.
* [http://www.ihserver.net/ IHServer] Specialized virtualization on OpenVZ containers at Gigared datacenter. We have in Argentina one of the better fiber connection to the US, but also provides services from LSTN in Texas.
* [https://www.fulltech.com.ar/ Full Tech Solutions] Specializes in the virtualization of OpenVZ & Virtuozzo containers, installed in the Full Tech Solutions Data Center located in Villa Elisa, Entre Rios Argentina. It also offers services hosted in the United States, Netherlands and Germany
* [https://www.neolo.com/ Neolo] We provide OpenVZ containers at our own datacenter in South America with double internet provider. Choose your Linux OS and apps. Full support.
* [https://www.infranetworking.com.ar/ Infranetworking] All our Cloud VPS container solutions for Argentine customers are powered by the all mighty OpenVZ virtualization software.

== Australia ==

[https://www.conetix.com.au/ Conetix Hosting] Specialising in business grade, fully managed Virtuozzo containers with Virtuzzo Cloud Storage. 100% Australian owned and operated. Brisbane based DC with Enterprise Dell servers.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS located at Equinix SY3 in Sydney, one of the best and well-connected datacenters in the region.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/australia-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Australia.

== Austria ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [https://kapper.net/ kapper.net] kapper.net offers OpenVZ and Virtuozzo (and other HyperVisors) based server-solutions with kind support and 24x7 maintenance.
* [https://mdhost.eu/vserver.php MDHost.eu] New Hosting Provider with nice Prices and many Server locations. Austria, Germany, France and more.
* [https://www.snb.at/ SNB] offers OpenVZ containers and support's also existing vm's in customers environment
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/austria-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Austria.

== Brazil ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.com.br/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.globalmedia.com.br/ GlobalMedia] We offers OpenVZ containers hosted on a very fast network with fast setup. Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS.
* [http://www.host1plus.com.br/ Host1Plus] Servers hosted in São Paulo. We offering reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from $5.00 per month.
* [http://www.ipdeck.net/ IPDECK] VPS Linux server from R$15,00/month! Fully customizable according to your needs.
* [http://www.quantive.com.br/ QuantiveHost] VPS Linux with 99.99% uptime. Prices starting from R$ 29,35.
* [https://www.elevahost.com.br/ Eleva host] Server hosted in Brazil. The best support.

== Bulgaria ==


* [https://www.cyberhour.com CyberHour.com] CyberHour.com is an [https://www.cyberhour.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Europe. The provide blazing fast servers and premium Bandwidth of 200Mbps. With high privacy protection.
* [https://www.linuxssdvps.com Bulgaria VPS] Linux SSD VPS is an [https://www.linuxssdvps.com offshore VPS hosting] provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [http://www.webuzo.net Bulgaria VPS] Webuzo Network is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin / PayPal.
* [https://vpsbg.eu/en Bulgaria VPS] VPSBG.eu is an offshore SSD VPS hosting provider located in Sofia, Bulgaria. Privacy is very respected and anonymous registrations are allowed, as well as payments via Bitcoin.
* [http://www.bul.net/ Bul.net] Provides OpenVZ based VPS, perfect user/VPS management via [http://ispsystem.com VDSManager]. Instant creation after online payment. Debian/Ubuntu/CentOS with ISPManager Control panel. Optimal price policy.
* [http://www.cointech.eu/vps-hosting/ CoInTech] provides OpenVZ based VPS containers, free webmin managment. Containers can be CentOS, Slackware, Ubuntu, custom or our special [http://www.mandriva.com Mandriva Linux] container with own [http://mandriva.cointech.net repository].
* [http://www.rax.bg/ RAX.bg] Offers OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management, Instant setup, CentOS (OS).
* [http://www.jump.bg/ Jump.bg] Provides OpenVZ VPS servers hosted on a redundant network which provides a very easy to manage platform for all clients which gain instant access to their OS ( Ubuntu, CentOS , Debian etc ... )
* [https://www.fitvps.com/ FitVPS.com] Offers affordable and reliable OpenVZ based VPS in Varna, Bulgaria. Own data center, own multihomed network, with SLA. Instant automatic setup, SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.qhoster.com/ QHoster.com] Instant activation OpenVZ VPS in UK, USA, Germany, France and Switzerland. Both 32/64 bit OpenVZ OS VPS templates : CentOS 5/6, Debian 6/7, Ubuntu 12/13.
* [https://www.verdina.net Verdina.NET] Verdina.net offers dedicated hosting services, provided by powerful dell hardware. Servers are located in Telepoint Datacenter, a Tier 3 DC located in Sofia, Bulgaria.
* [https://www.vps.ag/ VPS.AG] Affordable and reliable OpenVZ VPS based in Sofia, Bulgaria. Instant setup and 24/7 support.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/bulgaria-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Bulgaria.

== Canada ==

* [https://whc.ca/canadian-cloud-servers Web Hosting Canada Cloud Servers] - Powerful Cloud servers powered by OpenVZ and located in Canadian datacenters, with fast RAID-10 storage, fully managed with cPanel.
* [http://compevo.com compevo Clustered VPS Server Hosting Provider] - We offer clustered VPS Servers to avoid downtime and dataloss. Our network and service is second to none and is used by businesses around the world.
* [http://www.datacorporate.ca/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.miditech.com/ MidiTech Hosting Canada] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech Canada are powered by VMware, . Fully Managed VPS with control panels
* [http://www.gotekky.com Gotekky Cloud VPS Hosting] High quality Cloud VPS packages powered by our own infrastructure and network in Toronto. Scalable from our $5/mo plan all the way to your own dedicated cloud server. Based on OpenVZ and our own proprietary panel.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://secure.media-hosts.com/link.php?id=7 Media-Hosts.com] Provides Quality and Scalable OpenVZ based Virtual Private Servers. 100% network uptime guaranteed. Located in Montreal Quebec with 5 Tier1 upstream providers.
* [http://www.openvz.ca OpenVZ.ca] Canadian Budget VPS Servers on OpenVZ Platform.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://protoserver.com ProtoServer] Advanced VPS Hosting from $4.95/month. Many pre-installed VPS Templates available (CMS, E-commerce, Web development, Online community, Media streaming, etc.) No bundles or service plans - mix VPS resources as needed and change VPS configuration anytime. Also offering DNS Hosting, E-mail hosting, Domains Registration.
* [http://www.vistapages.com/vps Vistapages VPS] - IBM & Dell Hardware. MCI/Verizon Backbone. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian & more. Full management available. Located in Toronto.
* [http://vpsville.ca/ VPSVille] - Good network. Good CPU. Good choice of distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, Slackware, Gentoo, OpenSUSE, CERN. My favorite OpenVZ provider. [mailto:jak@isp2dial.com John Kelly]
* [http://solib.ca/services-offerts/hebergement-haute-vitesse/serveurs-vps/ SOLIB Logiciel Libre Québec] Our company offers DDoS protected server solutions including OpenVZ containers. Very high availability and reliability, all our VPS are located in Quebec, Canada.
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU, DDoS Protection from $4.95/month
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/canada-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Canada.

== Colombia ==

* [http://www.datacorporate.co/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.

== Czech Republic ==

* [http://4smart.cz 4Smart.cz] - prepaid, you are charged only by the system resources you use, therefore you can run a VPS for as little as 1 EUR a month if your vps is not resource hungry. Even if you pay 0,50 EUR month, you still have 3 GB of RAM and 8 cores available to you VPS.
* [http://www.freecloud.cz FREECLOUD.CZ] - Free OpenVZ VPS Server - own IP, 800Mhz CPU, 512MB RAM, 50Mbits LAN, 10GB HDD, 100GB Traffic - Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Slackware, Fedora, Centos
* [http://www.hukot.cz Hukot.cz] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 2.92 €, XEON, 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Scientific, SuSe, Fedora, Elastix.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://www.ultimatehosting.eu UltimateHosting.eu] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from $8 with custom configuration - up to 100 GB HDD, 2048 MB RAM, 2 GHz CPU, and unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.mujhost.net MUJHOST.NET] - OpenVZ VPS Servers starting from 160 Kč, 100Mbps / 1 Gbps uplink, unlimited traffic. Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS ...

== Chile ==

* [http://www.1h.cl/ 1h.cl Vps - Chile] - VPS High Performance with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.1hosting.cl/ 1hosting Virtual servers - Chile] - VPS Professional with OpenVZ
* [http://www.dch.cl/ DCH] - DCH.cl Hosting Chile - High Performance VPS Servers with OpenVZ
* [http://ecohosting.cl/ EcoHosting.cl Santiago - Chile] - VPS with OpenVZ in Chile
* [http://www.hostingplus.cl/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Chile
* [http://www.hostname.cl/ Hostname Ltda] - VPS Hosting with Datacenter in Chile
* [http://www.inc.cl/ INC Internet Limitada] - VPS Hosting provider in Chile

== Denmark ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/denmark-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Denmark.

== Ecuador ==

* [http://www.dedi.space/ DediSpace Telecom] - VPS Servers in Ecuador - USA, France, Germany, Ecuador Datacenter.

== France ==

* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in France from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.fixweb.com Fixweb] Great managed hosting provider with strong anti ddos solution - openvz only - leader in managed openvz solution with horizontal scaling and high availability
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Roubaix with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://www.harmony-hosting.com Harmony-Hosting] A high performance VPS hosting - The leader in France
* [https://www.delimiter.com/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [http://www.lws.fr/serveur_dedie_linux.php LWS - Linux VPS ] - Linux VPS Hosting - Only 9.99€/month, Affordable and Secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, web hosting control panel Included. French datacenter
* [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/ OVH VPS] linux from 3€/month, [http://www.ovh.co.uk/vps/vps-cloud.xml windows] from 12€/month.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [https://VPSZ.FR VPSZ] VPS Hosting in France. Starting from 2,99€, Unlimited traffic.
* [http://www.1euro-hosting.eu BEST EU VPS - 1€ Hosting] - Providing reliable and secure OpenVZ VPS Servers with 99.99% up-time, starting from 8€
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Shape Host - Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS
* [https://www.host-stage.net/linux-vps/ HostStage - Linux VPS] - Simple, Reliable OpenVZ VPS packed with 1 GBPS port speed, RAID 10 SSD, Intel Xeon CPU from $4.95/month
* [https://www.yoorshop.fr/ YOORshop SAS] - High performance SSD Linux VPS within 13 countries in Europe, daily backup included. Starting from €6,95 /month
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/ WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU

== Germany ==

* [https://myvirtualserver.com/aff.php?aff=434 MyVirtualServer]: Cheap VPS (OpenVZ/KVM, 5TB Traffic, 10Gigabit), servers located in Frankfurt (best ping, starting 1.99€) good support (en/de)
* [http://afterburst.com Afterburst (Previously FanaticalVPS)]: affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in Germany.
* [http://www.b2b-hosting.de/vps/ B2B Hosting]: Professional virtual servers for business applications. Performance and reliability at a fair price. Made with OpenVZ.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany from 1.88EUR/month.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/dedicated-servers/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://galaxyhostplus.com/ovz GalaxyHostPlus] Cheap VPS Hosting based in Frankfurt with new 2016 line starts from $2/Month
* [http://hostmist.com/openvz-vps-germany.html Host Mist]: features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting in Germany.
* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] Servers based in Frankfurt am Main. Offering reliable OpenVZ based VPS servers in Germany starting from $2.50 per month.
* [http://www.hostingjuice.com/ HostingJuice] The Superioum VPS and Web Hosting provider, low prices - Premium packages.
* [http://www.ingate.de/managed-server.html Ingate] offers managed servers with openVZ virtualization. located in germany, great support.
* [http://linevast.de/angebote/linux-openvz-vserver-mieten.html Linevast] Reliable OpenVZ based VPS with fast support, located in germany
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS Servers] Provision an OpenVZ VPS server with the exact resources your project needs. Assign up to 29 vCores and choose between SSD and SATA space. 14 Locations WordWide
* [http://www.plambee.de/vserver.php Plambee.de Webhosting]: Powerfull OpenVZ based VPS servers at low cost with hosting in Germany
* [http://www.serverbiz.de/vserver Serverbiz] Powerful VPS at very low prices.
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers located in Munich Germany.
* [http://www.vStarVPS.com vStarVPS]: Reliable VPS Hosting at lowest prices, with 99.9% uptime, Premium Unmetered Bandwidth and Custom HDD/RAM of your choice. Instant and FREE Setup. RapidLeech Allowed.
* [http://whynotavps.com WhyNOTaVPS]: Instant activated VPS SERVERS!!
* [http://squote.de/index.php?ref=1421485383 SQuote]: SQuote VPS Hosting and more. VPS 1 Core, 1.024MB RAM, 512MB RAM SWAP, 50 GB HDD, 1x IPv4. 3,89EUR/month. For the best VPS SQuote.de
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/germany-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Germany.

== Guatemala ==

* [http://www.globalnetcafe.com/gnc/menu/hospedaje.htm Global Net Cafe]: Servicios de hospedaje, reseller, vps, colocacion y servidores. Incluyendo OpenVZ.

== Hong Kong ==

* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] features unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Hong Kong as well as 3 USA locations. Unparalleled connectivity to the Asia Pacific. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ based SSD VPS in Hong Kong, located at the Pacnet datacenter.
* [http://vps.timway.com/linux_vps.html Timway VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold hosting provider focused on being security conscious and offering a positive client experience. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/hong-kong-cloud-server VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Hong Kong.

== Hungary ==

* [http://elin.hu/index.php?menu=8&nyelv=hu&cim=Virtualis-szerver Virtual server] OpenVZ server: 2xX5650 Intel Xeon, 32GB RAM, 15.000rpm SAS disks, 100Mbit/s, unlimited bandwith.
* [https://www.ivirtual.co/vps-hosting/ iVirtual.co ] OpenVZ Master Server: 2x Intel Xeon @ 3.0GHZ, 64 GB ECC Ram, 15k RPM SAS HDD's, 1Gbit/s Network, Unlimited bandwith.

== Iceland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== India ==

* [https://www.geniushost.in Genius Host] Fully managed [https://www.geniushost.in SSD Web Hosting] offered by Genius Host are powered by ''OpenVZ'' With LiteSpeed Web Server & Mariadb.

* [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu Ap.Muthu] sponsored by [http://www.gnuacademy.org GNUAcademy], [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] and [http://www.sacollege.net S A College] creates OpenVZ Templates for the Open Source Community and provides hosting in datacenters of clients choice or on site.

* [http://www.milesweb.com/vps-hosting.php Milesweb VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by Milesweb are powered by ''VMware, OpenVZ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.

* [https://www.hostsoch.in/windows-hosting.html HostSoch Windows Hosting] Windows hosting offered by HostSoch are powered by ''Windows 2012, ASP.NET, MVC, IIS, PHP and More''. 99.9% Uptime, 24/7 Dedicated support guaranteed.

* [https://www.miditech.co.in/ MidiTech VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by MidiTech are powered by ''VMware, ''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.

* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ Freaksol VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping to India,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers

* [http://overlineindia.net/vpshosting-p-62.html Overline India VPS Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ

* [http://www.vpshostingindia.net/ VPS Hosting India, Fully Managed Server] A Committed Fully Managed VPS Server for Hosting solution in India, Complete Technical Support assistance with commitment of fast, clustered and most supportive DataCenters.

* [https://cochinwebhost.in/budget-vps-hosting/ Low Cost VPS Hosting] Fast SSD VPS Server for Hosting Solutions at budget prices with 24x7 Technical Support.

* [http://vpsbeach.com VpsBeach Managed Hosting] Fully managed cPanel Installed VPS Hosting with 24x7x365 Live Chat Tech support, powered by OpenVZ

* [http://www.datacorporate.in/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.

* [http://www.servers.co.in/vps/vps_hosting.php Server Web Hosting] Offers Fully Managed OpenVZ VPS Web hosting in India/US/UK at affordable and cheap rates with best hardware quality and customer service 24/7/365 days

* [http://www.hioxindia.com/virtual-private-server.php VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality VPS Virtual Private Server Hosting

* [http://www.prohosterz.com/linux-vps.php ProHosterZ VPS Hosting] Reliable and quality Virtual Dedicated Servers | Virtual Private Servers | XEN VPS | OpenVZ VPS | Virtual Hosting
*[http://www.fastwebhost.in/vps-hosting.html fastwebhost VPS Hosting] VPS hosting offered by fastwebhost are powered by ''VPS hosting, virtual server hosting and Linux VPS hosting services''. Fully Managed VPS with control panels.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/india-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in India.

== Iran==

* [http://www.ehost.ir EHost.ir] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus , 12 Gb Ram , 100Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk
* [http://www.vpsfa.com VPSFa.com] - OpenVZ Servers , DUAL XEON Cpus - , 24Gb Ram , 1000Mbit Dedicated Connection , SAS HardDisk

== Italy ==

* [http://www.hosting-italia.net hosting italia] - OpenVZ Servers and panel enduser Virtualizor Intel® Core™ i7-920 Quad-Core 48 GB DDR3 RAM - Guaranteed Bandwidth 200 Mbit/s
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/italy-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Italy.

== Liechtenstein ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)

== Lithuania ==

* [http://www.cloudlix.com/ CloudLix.com] - Managed and unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based on 2.6.32 kernel. Up to 20GHz (Intel SandyBridge) CPU and 10GB RAM. Located in Vilnius and Siauliai.
* [http://www.databank.lt/ databank.lt] - high-quality professional OpenVZ hosting with cloud computing solutions.
* [https://www.lavavps.lt/ lavavps.lt] - Professional high-quality OpenVZ containers (VPS servers) affordable for everyone. Powerful control panel for VPS management.
* [http://www.serveriai.lt/ Serveriai.lt] - Affordable OpenVZ containers on quality HP hardware. Wide choice of virtual dedicated servers up to 8 CPU cores and 8 GB RAM. Full management available. Located in Vilnius.
* [http://www.time4vps.eu/ Time4VPS.EU] - Powerful cloud technology based infrastructure will let you build custom virtual machine and pay only for what you really need. Located in Vilnius city.
* [https://www.vpsnet.lt/en/ VPSnet.lt] - Powerful and high quality servers for a competitive price in Lithuania (Eastern Europe).
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/lithuania-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Lithuania.

== Latvia ==

* [http://www.altnet.lv/ Altnet] - Hosting and colocation services. Any flawor, you name it.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/latvia-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Latvia.

== Luxembourg ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/luxembourg-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Luxembourg.

== Malaysia ==

* [http://www.cubiex.com/ Cubiex] - Malaysia Affordable Web Hosting and Domain Name. Affordable Linux VPS Hosting in Malaysia. OpenVZ based, Quad Core Xeon node. cPanel/WHM and DirectAdmin also available.
* [https://controlvm.com ControlVM] ControlVM Technology offering OpenVZ VPS in Singapore, Malaysia, USA and Germany.

== Malta ==

* [http://www.a6it.com/ A6iT] - Stable, quality managed OpenVZ VPSs based in Malta. Redundant network.

== Morocco ==

* [http://www.belsemtech.com/ BelsemTech.CoM] BelsemTech SARL offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from 300 DH. Virtual Private Server (VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.hostoweb.com/ HosToWeb] is the only company providing VPS hosting in Morocco Data Center.
* [http://www.adk-media.com/ ADK Media] provides affordable managed and unmanaged virtual servers based on OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM platforms. 24/7 Technical Support. Distros: Centos, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu and more.
* [http://www.naja7host.com/ Naja7Host.CoM] The Naja7host SARL provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform. Running on Full Quality Nodes of up to 8 CPU and 16 GB RAM. . All VPS's come with Real 24/7/365 Technical Support and cPanel free (if option selected ). Multiple choice of OS 32/64Bits (Centos, fedora, ubuntu, debian .ect ...)
* [http://www.lehoster.com/ Le Hoster] offers affordable Virtual Private Servers using the OpenVZ and KVM platform. Backed with our amazing customer support.
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/- WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU

== Netherlands ==

* [http://www.avanpad.com/ Avanpad] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting with 24\7 online support. Customer can request different control panels or templates for installation on his VPS.
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in Netherlands from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.Freaksol.com/ FreaKs VPS Hosting] Self reliant hosted on independent networks & DC low ping around the world,No restrictions on file types,Unlimited resources,high ram servers
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] Number 1 Netherlands Provider HostSailor provides affordable & high quality services such as VPS (XEN, OpenVZ and KVM) Linux or Windows, Dedicated servers, SSL certificates and domain name services.
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides self-managed OpenVZ SSD VPS in Telecity AMS 5, one of the best datacenters located in the Amsterdam area.
* [https://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Amsterdam, Netherlands with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.liteserver.nl/ LiteServer] Looking for a quality and affordable VPS in the center of The Netherlands? We provide SSD, Storage and High Bandwidth VPSes, starting at only €16 per year. We operate AS60404.
* [https://www.mangelot-hosting.nl/ Mangelot Hosting] Mangelot Hosting, A webhosting company located in the Netherlands, offers budget OpenVZ hosting solutions for maximum scalability en performance.
* [http://www.osbox.nl OsBoX Dutch Network Engineering] Cheap VPS host as low as $1 per month. Very great uptime and a overall good support. Check the website for the server plans.
* [http://www.signet.nl/ Signet VPS Hosting] - Signet delivers VPS hosting plans based on CentOS or Debian templates, including control-panel Virtualmin.
* [http://simple-webhosting.eu/ Simple-webhosting.eu] - OpenVZ based web hosting starting from €0.98 per month.
* [http://www.touchvps.com/ TouchVPS] is a company who offer Support and Managed Services for OpenVZ Servers ,also offer templates for openvz ready to go with cPanel , DirectAdmin , Plesk , Games, IRC Services, Desktop and many more.
* [http://www.voipcomplete.com/product-overview/dedicated-vps.html VOIPcomplete] offers dedicated VPS plans based on CentOS including a VPS management interface.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [https://www.totallyhosted.nl/ TotallyHosted] OpenVZ based Premium VPS services located in the Netherlands @ Serverius DC.
* [https://www.wantete.com/vps-servers.php/- WANTETE] - OpenVZ virtual servers, VPS Hosting in France Starting from €1,99/month 10% CPU
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/netherlands-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Netherlands.

== Norway ==

* [http://www.vpsfast.us/norway-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Norway.

== Philippines ==

* [http://www.web.com.ph/vps.php Web.com.ph] - provides OpenVZ virtual servers in the Philippines.

== Perú ==

* [https://www.hn.pe/ Hostname] Hostname offers business OpenVZ containers in Perú
* [https://www.inchosting.pe/ HostingINC SAC] OpenVZ virtualization solutions for business in Perú.
* [http://www.hostingplus.pe/ HostingPlus Internet Limitada] - High Performance Vps provider in Peru
* [http://www.hostingandino.pe/ Hostingandino Lima - Peru] - VPS with OpenVZ in Peru
* [https://www.mejorhosting.pe/ Mejor Hosting Perú] Hosting comparison for peruvian hosting providers.

== Poland ==

* [http://hosteam.pl/ HosTeam] offers OpenVZ VPS hosting from their DataCenter in Poland. Customer has choice of all major Linux distros (WARNING!!! restoring your backup is VERY expensive and they charge even if it wasn't restored correctly!), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE!

* [http://ultimahost.pl/ UltimaHost] high grade OpenVZ VPS and FreeBSD jail (DC in Łódź, Poland), brand of statnet.pl, SSD available for more expensive packets, NO IPV6 AVAILABLE (but they can load you tun module)

* [http://budgetvps.pl/ BudgetVPS] very cheap, low end grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), brand of hitme.net.pl

* [http://hitme.net.pl/ HitMe] high grade OpenVZ/Xen PV/Xen HVM VPSes (DC in Gdańsk, Poland), NATIVE IPV6 AVAILABLE (/64 on demand for free)!

* [http://www.kr-cpd.pl/oferta/serwery-vps/ KR-CPD] Cracow's Center of Data Processing (DC of course in Cracow, Poland)

* [http://livenet.pl Livenet] cheap, middle/low end OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Łódź, Poland)

* [http://slaskdatacenter.pl/ Śląsk Data Center] high/middle grade OpenVZ VPSes (DC in Silesia province, Poland), SSD available for more expensive packets

* [https://www.ionic.pl/ IONIC.pl] VPS OpenVZ with SolusVM control panel, own DC in Cracow

== Portugal ==

* [http://www.ptservidor.pt/ PTServidor] - OpenVZ virtual servers with free management based in Portugal.
* [http://www.efeito.net/ Weblevel.pt] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in Portugal.
* [https://www.webtuga.pt/ WebTuga] - Managed/Unmanaged Virtual Private Servers hosted in a Portuguese Datacenter with lots of extras
* [https://www.cloudfire.pt/ CloudFire] - OpenVZ VPS at very low prices hosted in Portugal
* [https://www.linxisp.com/ LINXISP] - High Availability & Performance OpenVZ Containers
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/ First2Host] - Build an OpenVZ VPS in 14 locations WordWide From £2.49

== Romania ==

* [http://www.intovps.com IntoVPS] - offers unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers based in Romania, Netherlands and USA. A lot of resources for decent prices.
* [http://www.ename.ro/dedicated.html eName] - managed OpenVZ virtual servers in Bucharest, Romania
* [http://www.ch-center.com/virtual-servers Ch-center] - unmanaged OpenVZ virtual servers, based in Romania in it's own Data Center
* [http://www.clouds.ro/servere-virtuale/ Clouds] - OpenVZ virtual servers hosted on premium hardware, in Romania
* [http://www.HostSailor.com/ HostSailor] HostSailor provides affordable & high quality OpenVZ and KVM servers in Romania
* [https://www.shape.host/linux-vps/ Linux VPS] - OpenVZ virtual servers, Instant Linux VPS

== Russia ==

* [http://www.ihc.ru/vps.html IHC.RU] - VPS hosting in Moscow, Russia starting at $10/month with good set of precreated templates
* [http://mchost.ru/services/linux-vps/ McHost.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from McHost.
* [http://hosting.agava.ru/vps/ AGAVA] - Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ.
* [http://vdsplanet.ru/ VDSPlanet.ru] - unmanaged VDS/VPS hosting starting at 3.99$ a month. Large variety of OS templates and free ISPmanager Lite control panel. Total automation is our goal.
* [http://www.demos.ru/service/datacenter/vps.html Demos-Internet] - we offer OpenVZ Virtual Private Server based on Linux. All VPS come with ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.net.ru/service/net9/ www.net.ru] - OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://www.eurobyte.ru/ Eurobyte.ru] - Linux VDS Hosting from Eurobyte.
* [http://www.telekom.ru/service/vps.html Elvis Telekom] - OpenVZ hosting with base and cpanel templates from Elvis Telekom.
* [http://fastvps.ru/vds/ FastVPS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Hetzner, MayFlower.
* [https://lepus.su/vps.html Lepus] - OpenVZ hosting, SSD, ISPmanager free, Hetzner.
* [http://www.hts.ru/vds/ HTS] - OpenVZ hosting, ISPmanager, Linux VPS hosting based on OpenVZ in Moscow.
* [https://selectel.ru/services/vds/ Selectel] - OpenVZ hosting.
* [https://galaxydata.ru/root-server/ GalaxyData] - Virtuozzo Containers in Cloud Storage.
* [http://hosterbox.ru/servers/ Hosterbox.ru] - Managed VPS hosting. Based on OpenVZ + SolusVM + ISPmanager.

== Singapore ==

* [http://conceptlane.com/?t=hostingservices#ratesvps ConceptLane Pte Ltd] - OpenVZ VPS on dual octa-core AMD Opterons running Debian Wheezy 7, custom control panel with bandwidth graphs, reboot/reinit and web-based VNC access.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.qoxy.com/vps QOXY.com] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ VPS Hosting in a Singapore Data Center.
* [http://www.secureax.com/ SecureAX Pte Ltd] - Singapore Premium Internet Solution Provider
* [http://www.planettel.com.sg PlaNetTel] - Affordable and customised OpenVZ containers across 3 data centers - contact Thomas Festus at +65-66936881. [http://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/User:Apmuthu#Squeeze_based_Templates Sponsors OpenVZ Container Template]s for the Open Source community.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/singapore-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Singapore.

== Serbia ==
* [https://www.skyhosting.rs/en/vps-servers SkyHosting] - Fast Linux OpenVZ VPS SSD Hosting with SolusVM control panel.
* [https://www.ninet.rs/en/vps-servers NiNet Company] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers. Well known VPS hosting company from Serbia with their own data center
* [http://www.suonline.net SuOnline.Net ISP] - Linux OpenVZ VPS servers, Docker enabled !!!

== South Africa ==

* [http://www.host1plus.com/ Host1Plus] - Local South African servers hosted in Johannesburg. OpenVZ VPS servers starting from $3.00 per month.
* [http://www.vps.co.za/ VPS.CO.ZA] - South Africa's oldest VPS provider. Local South African servers with SolusVM control panel. OpenVZ, Xen and OnApp Cloud.
* [http://247hosting.co.za/vpshosting.php 247Hosting] - OpenVZ virtual servers locally in South Africa with SolusVM control panel. cPanel option available!
* [http://www.SoftDux.co.za/ SoftDux] - OpenVZ virtual servers based America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel or Plesk control panels. XEN VPS's also available.
* [http://www.clickworks.co.za/ Clickworks] - OpenVZ / Xen VPS servers hosted in RSA. Backed by Solusvm control panel.
* [http://www.elitehost.co.za/ Elite Host] - OpenVZ virtual servers based in America & South Africa. All VPS's come with cPanel and unlimited bandwidth.
* [http://www.telasera.com/ Telasera] - OpenVZ VPS servers hosted in South Africa. Supermicro Servers powered by Intel Xeon with 24/7 Support.

== Spain ==

* [https://www.actiu.net/pro/ Actiu informatica]
* [http://www.corpresa.com/servidores-virtuales.html Corpresa Hosting] - Tiene algún proyecto entre manos y un plan de hosting no le hes sufuciente y un servidor dedicado no está dentro de su presupuesto?, una solución de VPS a medida será la que cubrirá todas sus necesidades."
* [https://www.datomedia.es Datomedia] - Cloud alta disponibilidad powered by Virtuozzo 6 y Servidores VPS bajo openvz y kvm.
* [https://www.evidaliahost.com/vps/ EvidaliaHosting] - Servidores VPS totalmente configurados con panel de gestión Plesk 12.5, garantía de devolución de 30 días y posibilidad de discos SSD.
* [https://ginernet.com/vps-ssd.php GINERNET] - Servidores VPS alojados en España desde 1.99€/mes.

== Sweden ==

* [https://www.admax.se/vps/ Admax] - Admax offers enterprise grade virtual servers with great pricing. Custom control panel, API, remote access & more.
* [https://www.acon.se/vps Acon VPS Server] - VPS Server and Dedicated server provider in Sweden.
* [https://www.glesys.com/vps.php GleSYS] - VPS Provider with a great control panel and good prices
* [https://hosthatch.com HostHatch] provides the highest quality SSD VPS in Stockholm, Sweden. Based on completely pure SSD in RAID-10 and delivering extremely high network & hardware performance along with reliability.
* [https://www.nametyper.com NameTyper] - VPS and Shared hosting provider. Customize your own OpenVZ Container with 1-12 cores running on SSD and ECC RAM.
* [https://virtualcenter.se VirtualCenter] - The first Cloud provider with SSD VPS in Sweden. Offer enterprise class hardware and network infrastructure
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/sweden-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Sweden.

== Switzerland ==

* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/switzerland-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Switzerland.

== Tanzania==

* [http://www.aptus.co.tz/ Aptus Solutions] - OpenVZ / SolusVM VPS Servers located in Dar es Salaam - 100meg to TIX. CentOS & Ubuntu.

== UK ==

* [http://www.34sp.com/ 34SP.com] - We're a UK based web hosting company, bridging the gap between sophisticated hosting solutions & affordable prices
* [http://www.AceShells.com/ AceShells] - Fast, stable, high quality UK based virtual private servers from just £5 a month, operating since 2001
* [http://www.AtlanticServers.com/ Atlantic Servers] - Affordable VPS, stable, high quality VPS, UK based Data Centre
* [http://www.BargainVPS.co.uk/ BargainVPS] - UK / US / EU Instant setup VPS - We have some great Linux & Windows Bargain VPS packages on offer for you here all available Fully Managed.
* [http://www.cheapvps.co.uk/ CheapVPS] - CheapVPS provide cheap, UK based OpenVZ VPS servers. Hosted on high end hardware, in a top UK datacenter backed up with 24/7/365 support. Choice from a wide range of Linux distros. OpenVZ VPS managed with SolusVM.
* [http://www.chilliserver.com/ Chilliserver] - Affordable plans starting from just £3.99, not oversold. RHEL6 Kernel with VSwap, TUN/TAP/FUSE and ACL support enabled. SolusVM control panel with custom snapshot system and rescue system. Based in a European data Centre with UK based support.
* [http://www.cislondon.co.uk/virtual-private-servers/ Commercial Internet Solutions] - CIS provides premium hosting at competitive rates, focused on Small Businesses within the M25 orbital. Hosting is on Dual Quad core Intel Xeon supermicro servers in Tier 4 datacenters around London.
* [http://www.datacorporate.co.uk/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [http://www.DubHosting.co.uk/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers. Their servers are located at UKGrid in Manchester with 24/7/365 support
* [http://www.europhase.net/virtual-private-servers/ Europhase UK Limited, UK VPS] - OpenVZ VPS Hosting, Virtual Dedicated Servers, UK VPS hosted at multiple UK datacentres from £4.99
* [http://www.farbyte.uk/vps Farbyte UK VPS] - UK based OpenVZ VPS and shared web hosting services
* [http://www.fdqwholesale.co.uk FDQ Wholesale] - UK based hosting services
* [http://www.hadrill.org.uk Hadrill Online] - Fully managed hosting with unlimited bandwidth. Quotes available through contact form.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./uk_vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks UK] Cheap, economical and reliable web hosting solutions, VPS based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with free FFMPEG setup on our vps servers. Also offers with a choice of selecting DataCenter.
* [https://www.laws-hosting.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Laws Web Hosting] - Laws Web Hosting offers OpenVZ VPS Hosting with packages starting from £5.50/m that will cater for anyone. We have OpenVZ VPS hosting solutions, and come with moderate DDoS protection.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] - LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99. Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://www.minivps.co.uk miniVPS] miniVPS offers VPS hosting solutions with nodes located in UK, utilising openvz/solusvm with future locations of USA and UK.
* [https://www.first2host.co.uk/linux-vps-servers/ OpenVZ VPS] - Build an OpenVZ VPS in 14 locations WordWide From £2.49
* [http://www.phurix.co.uk/ Phurix] - A UK based web solutions company that provides you with reliable hosting at extremely affordable prices, VPS server virtualization using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.qualityservers.co.uk Quality Servers] - Affordable OpenVZ virtual servers based in the UK and USA. Choice of control panels and management options.
* [http://www.rshosting.co.uk/vps.html RSHosting UK] - Offering the most secure, reliable, stable and fast UK VPS Web Hosting based on OpenVZ architecture. Our Virtual Dedicated Servers are physically hosted on powerfull Quad Core servers located in multiple UK datacentres.
* [http://www.sharkserve.rs SharkServers] - Low Cost OpenVZ virtual servers in the UK. Choice of control panels and management options. Own Datacentre.
* [http://www.vpsmachine.co.uk/ vpsMachine] Quality openvz hosting platform with a large choice of customer OS templates.
* [https://www.webhost.uk.net/vps-hosting.html WebHostUK LTD] - Offers Cheap yet Best UK VPS Web Hosting working on OpenVZ Platform.We offers fully Managed UK VPS with true 24/7/365 days support.All our Servers are located in UK London DC.
* [http://www.webhostinguk.com/vps/vps-hosting.html Web Hosting UK] - Fully managed OpenVZ VPS Hosting offered on fast and reliable and affordable servers in UK & European datacenter with 24x7x365 days lightning fast support.
* [http://www.weycrest.co.uk/vps-hosting.php Weycrest VPS] - Low Cost, Stable OpenVZ and Parallels' Virtuozzo Virtual Private Server solutions. London UK Hosted at Coreix with a choice of operating systems, and root and control panel options.
* [http://www.xilo.net/virtual_private_servers-vps/ XILO] - UK-based hosting with UK-based support. VPS services offered with a choice of cPanel, Webmin and other useful applications, VoIP, SIP, VPN to name a few.
* [http://www.zxvps.co.uk/ ZxVPS VPS Hosting] - Quality, non-oversold VPS based on the openVZ platform, using SolusVM management panel, VPS from 128mb - 2gb, cpanel, direct admin, kloxo, etc.
* [http://www.meteorvps.com/ MeteorVPS] - Professional, Non-Oversold amazing VPS plans pretty cheap using SolusVM management, range from 512MB -> 16GB
* [http://www.chvps.com/ CHVPS] - Switzerland Based VPS, Cheap Pricing with solusVM control panel.
* [http://domvps.com/ domVPS] - OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the USA, Germany, France & the Netherlands at a low cost.
* [http://www.gemvps.net/ GemVPS.NET] - UK (Manchester) Based Company, OpenVZ Virtual Servers in the UK & France on Fast nodes.
* [http://www.rackburst.net/ Rackburst] - UK SSD VPS Hosting with fast UK-based Live Support available from £1.49 per month.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/united-kingdom-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in UK.

== Ukraine ==

* [http://ekvia.com/ Ekvia] - VDS/VPS based on OpenVZ. Free trial 14 days. Domain registration for VDS/VPS.
* [http://www.gelihost.com/ Geliar Hosting Solutions] - Fast virtual dedicated servers based on OpenVZ. Geliar Hosting Solutions offering many control panels and other useful services.
* [http://www.hostpro.ua/ Hostpro.ua] - Full managed OpenVZ servers.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/ukraine-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in Ukraine.

== USA ==

* [http://www.a2hosting.com A2 Hosting] is your high-performance [http://a2hosting.com/openvz-vps-hosting OpenVZ VPS Hosting] provider. Design your perfect [http://a2hosting.com/vps-hosting VPS Hosting] account today! Featuring SwiftServers and SSDs with page load speeds up to 300% faster compared to standard drives.
* [http://www.afterburst.com Afterburst] (Previously FanaticalVPS): affordable unmetered, unmanaged VPS servers in NY.
* [https://www.asurahosting.com/ AsuraHosting] offers powerful, reliable, and simple OpenVZ VPS to clients. AsuraHosting has a dedicated support team, and quality hosting; Pricing starts at just $5/month!
* [http://beyondhosting.net BeyondHosting.net] High Performance OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) Tier 1 US Datacenter.
* [http://buyvm.net BuyVM.net] DDoS Protection, three datacenter locations, Stallion control panel. Affordable quality VPS hosting since 2010!
* [https://www.binarycpu.com Binary Computer Solutions] has provided OpenVZ based Virtual Private Server hosting for over 5 years. Network outages are a thing of the past, and oversold services are never heard of here. Built on solid technology, with infrastructure to match - Binary Computer Solutions will give you hosting you need, without the cost others ask for. Starting at $30.00/mo.
* [http://www.bodhost.com/ Bodhost.com] Fast, Reliable and secure web hosting service with 24*7 free customer service.
* [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS.com] mix ‘n’ match your VPS; choose only the bandwidth, RAM, disk capacity, type of IP connection, level server redundancy, and the support/monitoring you want. [http://www.buildyourvps.com/ BuildYourVPS] is the 1st to offer you a highly-customized VPS solution, without making you pay for unused extra features.
* [https://www.budgetvm.com/openvz-linux-vps.php BudgetVM.com] Each server includes our industry-leading SLA, DDoS protection, 200Gbps networks and 7 * 24-hour customer support.
* [http://www.byethost.com Byethost.com] offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting as its main VPS solution, with the hypervm panel. Centos, Debian, Fedora, OpenSuse and Ubuntu Containers are available.
* [http://cheaperasp.net CheaperASP.Net] provides Quality web hosting on the OpenVZ platform. You also help you get best options at [http://cheaperasp.net/godaddy-1-hosting-free-domain-promo/ affordable] cost.
* [http://www.chhost.net/vps.htm CH Hosting VPS Hosting] CH Hosting or chhost.net offers OpenVZ based VPS Hosting. 24/7 Support. Upgrade/Downgrade your plan as needed on-the-fly without the risk of downtime. Since 2006. Non-Oversell
* [http://www.cinfu.com/vps/ Cinfu] offers budget, unmanaged, unmetered, OpenVZ based VPS servers in USA from 1.88EUR/month.
* [http://www.cloudshards.com Cloud Shards] High Performance, reliable, stable and affordable OpenVZ Virtual Private Servers (VPS) in data centers across the USA.
* [https://cloudgearhosting.com CloudGear Hosting] - offers OpenVZ hosting in 4 locations across the USA. Including free DDoS Protection and free SSL with cPanel.
* [http://www.datacorporate.com/ DataCorporate] OpenVZ cheap and fast, clustered solution on our own datacenter, instanst signup and install, over 10 popular templates.
* [https://www.delimiter.com/storage-vps/ Delimiter] Cheap Storage VPS Hosting 500GB & Up High Storage Backup VPS Hosting From just $7/Month
* [https://www.cheapdomainnamesdot.com Domain Host SSL] provides Reliable web hosting with OpenVZ platform Since 2003, Located New York city, Atlanta, Los Angeles.
* [http://www.DubHosting.com/ DubHosting] - DubHosting started in 2004 has been providing cost effective hosting to clients world wide. Fully managed OpenVZ servers based in Europe & US are one of their many strong points. They can provide you with a dedicated server and install openvz allowing you to sell your own vps servers.
* [https://www.edis.at/ EDIS] EDIS offers business OpenVZ containers in Austria, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and USA (as well as other virtualization technologies in 20 countries worldwiede)
* [http://www.evolucix.com/ Evolucix.com] Evolucix offers state of the art, professional, and reliable OpenVZ VPS solutions on top-notch hardware while providing quality support.
* [http://www.evolvedservers.com Evolvedservers.com] Openvz based vps servers. Hosted in Michigan, USA. 24/7 Support. Hosted in tier-3 and tier-4 datacenter's with multiple redundancies.
* [http://fastwebhost.com/vps-hosting.html Fastwebhost]: affordable cloud VPS servers using OpenVZ.
* [http://www.fliphost.net Fliphost.net]: Powerful, affordable instant setup VPS systems. Servers based in Phoenix Az with another location coming soon.
* [http://www.frontrangehosting.com Front Range Hosting]: SSD Cached KVM & OpenVZ VPS Hosting Prices Start at 2.00/mo, located in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
* [http://glesys.se GleSYS] is a hosting company specialized in serverhosting. Also offering VPS hosting mainly based on OpenVZ. GleSYS has provided access to server and Cisco hardware for developers from OpenVZ to find problem with VLAN implementation.
* [http://goodealhosting.com/ GOODEALHOSTING.com] Quality Hosting Solutions! Provides affordable unmanaged/managed VPS based on OpenVZ! start from $10.00, real 24/7 support.
* [http://gothost.net GotHost.net] Providing OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SolusVM. All nodes are Quad Core Xeon with RAID-10 for speed and redundancy. Budget plans starting at $7.99.
* [http://www.greengeeksvps.com/ GreenGeeks VPS Hosting] Green VPS Hosting. Dual Intel Xeon 64-Bit CPU's, DDR3 RAM, RAID-10 Storage Arrays. 24/7 Support. cPanel/WHM + more!
* [http://hostarmor.com HostArmor™] - is best known for low-cost and reliable shared hosting and dedicated servers. Recently the company expanded to offer OpenVZ virtual server plans at 8 worldwide locations, five in the U.S., one in Germany, one in France, and one in the Netherlands. VPS plans start at $13.99/month.
* [http://www.host4geeks.com Host4Geeks] - Host4Geeks is a premium Fully Managed VPS provider with datacenters across 2 locations in US and in UK. All servers offer a free cPanel license.
* [http://www.host1plus.com Host1Plus] - OpenVZ based virtual servers in Chicago and Los Angeles. VPS plans start at $2.00 per month.
* [http://www.hostavps.com HostAVPS] - Providing Fully Managed VPS's on both the West & East Coast.
* [http://www.hostcolor.com Host Color] - OpenVZ based virtual servers hosted in a Tier 4 class data center based out of South Bend, Indiana. Juniper managed, fully-redundant network with uplinks to Level 3, Cogent and Internap.
* [http://www.hostigation.com Hostigation] - High resource unmanage VPS hosting solutions.
* [http://www.hostingrails.com Hosting Rails] offers Rails-targeted OpenVZ VPS Hosting and updated Rails-ready OS images.
* [https://hostmada.com/ HostMada] - Cheap and budget Linux VPS with HDD storage & high RAM for high-load applications! Affordable, reliable, high performance VPS hosting!
* [http://www.hostmist.com Host Mist] features budget OpenVZ VPS hosting from four major cities across the US.
* [http://www.hostrush.com HostRush] Self managed, ssd vps for business and non business.
* [http://www.dailyhosting.net hostoople] We offer OpenVZ VPS hosting from Dallas Texas, Starting at $29.95/month
* [https://hostus.us HostUS] provides unmanaged and managed OpenVZ VPS in Atlanta, Dallas and Los Angeles with custom control panel. A large variety of Linux distros are available. Enjoy 15% off with coupon VPS15OFF.
* [https://www.hostwinds.com Hostwinds] Affordable managed/unmanaged VPS Solutions.
* [http://hostsia.com Hostsia] With HOSTSIA Web services, you can get an OpenVZ VPS for only $15.00/mo. Each OpenVZ VPS includes multiple free-of-charge bonuses and offers a 99.9% uptime guarantee. You can also use our charge-free Hepsia CP, which is available with each OS – it permits you to host an unmetered number of domains and comprises heaps of handy tools, which will help you better manage your site and your VPS web hosting account.
* [http://www.infrenion.com./vps_hosting.html Infrenion Networks] Cheap, reliable and secure VPS hosting solutions, based on the openVZ platform. You can host any YouTube Clone scripts with enhanced support quality round the clock.
* [http://iniz.com/ INIZ VPS Hosting] INIZ provides affordable VPS Hosting in Los Angeles & New York with high resources at low prices.
* [https://www.interserver.net/ InterServer Web Hosting] Fast & Reliable VPS - 24x7 Support. 99.9% Up-time, Hosting Since 1999!.
* [http://www.joinvps.com JoinVPS.com] ISPmanager OpenVZ based VPS hosting. 24/7 Technical Support. Free ISPmanager control panel.
* [http://www.lovevps.com LoveVPS] Budget VPS provider starting at $5.99/month located in the US with Xeon nodes.
* [http://www.letstalkdigital.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=73&Itemid=65 LetsTalkDigital VPS Hosting] LetsTalkDigital.com offers both OpenVZ and XEN™ based VPS technologies. Cheap Linux and Windows VPS Hosting, start from $14.99 Virtual Private Server(VPS) hosting is for those who want the control and flexibility of a dedicated server at a much lower cost. All VPS packages come with a web hosting control panel option such as cPanel™, full root user access and all the features listed below, with 24/7 customer service.
* [http://lylix.net LYLIX] offers affordable VPS hosting with a choice of eight different Linux distributions, dedicated VPS hosting, and specializes in Asterisk/VOIP based hosting including Trixbox, AsteriskNow, Elastix, and PBX-in-a-Flash. Popular choice for unmanaged IP-PBX services; entire infrastructure built on a High-availability (HA) network across three regional NOCs.
* [http://www.micfo.com Micfo.com] offers VPS hosting services for both Linux VPS hosting and Window VPS hosting on affordable price combined with world-class 24x7x365 support.
* [http://www.neostreams.info/neoshop/cart.php?gid=9 nEo Stream Services] Offer's Top Quality OpenVZ Servers, Starting at $18.95 per month! SolusVM Control panel , 7 day Money Back Guarantee , 24x7 Professional Support.
* [http://pogiweb.com/vps/ PogiWeb LLC] Instant and free setup. Includes SolusVM control panel and free level 1 support during first month.
* [http://www.theserverexperts.com TheServerExperts.com] TheServerExperts VPS line is the ideal solution for clients who require the control of a dedicated server matched with the affordability and simplicity of a traditional shared hosting account.
* [http://thenynoc.com New York NOC] affordable Linux VPS hosting out of New York and Chicago. Plans as low as $5 a month and are backed by a redundant infrastructure and 24/7 support.
* [http://railsplayground.com RailsPlayground.com] Ruby on Rails VPS with ready to go Rails images with the LxAdmin control panel
* [http://www.raidlogic.net RaidLogic.NET] RaidLogic.NET offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Miami, Los Angeles, and Chicago. Starting as low as $3.95/month.
* [http://www.ramhost.us RAM Host] RAM Host offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Kansas City, and Phoenix.
* [http://www.reconhosting.com Recon Hosting] Recon Hosting offers affordable OpenVZ VPS solutions where you get Quality Hosting at a Fraction of the price. Instant setup with the latest Operating System templates including cPanel.
* [http://www.rokabear.com Rokabear] Rokabear offers OpenVZ Linux VPS, Dedicated Server, and Colocation. All Hardware setup in High Availability mode including raided drives and redudnant power and network connections. With multiple upstream providers, Rokabear's connectivity is fast and reliable! Rokabear supports LAMP, Openvpn, and Asterisk configurations. VPSes start at $7.99!
* [https://www.rosehosting.com RoseHosting] offers OpenVZ Linux virtual servers equipped with Enterprise Grade SSD drives. All hosting plans are fully-managed with FREE 24/7 support, FREE website migration, FREE weekly backups and FREE server monitoring included.
* [http://www.rshosting.com/vps.html RSHosting.com] RSHosting offers the most secure, reliable and stable VPS - Virtual Private Servers based on OpenVZ architecture, powered by the most professional and qualified 24/7 lightening fast support.
* [http://www.servercomplete.com Server Complete, LLC] Server Complete offers OpenVZ based Linux VPS out of multiple facilities across the United States, including Atlanta, Dallas, and Chicago.
* [http://www.servergrove.com ServerGrove] uses OpenVZ as the main virtualization platform for its state of the art VPS hosting services.
* [http://serverswarm.com ServerSwarm] provides stable, affordable, high performance OpenVZ virtual private servers.
* [http://www.silverrack.com/ SilverRack VPS Hosting] - SilverRack provides affordable VPS hosting using the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.soficol.com/ Soficol] Offers Enterprise OpenVZ based VPS, hosted on a clustered infrastructure and redundant network. Easy to use user management and instant setup.
* [http://www.spectrohost.com/ Spectro Host] - Offers performance VPS Servers running openvz. Always the most resources and never over committing OpenVZ nodes.
* [http://www.budgetvds.com/ BudgetVDS] - Offers VPS Servers running openvz we've been in business for 2 years now using openvz platform.
* [http://www.syera.net/ Syera Networks] Unmetered VPS From $18.88/M, 24/7 Support, OpenVZ/HyperVM, Instant Setup!, Free 1Gbps Upgrade with Coupon: syera1G
* [http://www.synapseglobal.com/voip_vps.html SynapseGlobal.com] Elastix, Trixbox, PBX in a Flash and Asterisk VPS - OpenVZ based Asterisk VOIP servers with 14 Tier 1 premium bandwidth providers.
* [http://www.tektonic.net TekTonic] provides VPS hosting services using both Virtuozzo and OpenVZ technology.
* [http://www.tigerservers.com/ TigerServers] - Provides affordable managed VPS based on OpenVZ. Servers located in Chicago, Illinois
* [http://www.tocici.com/ TOCICI VPS Hosting Services] Since 1995 TOCICI has offered web hosting services, with 24/7 support commitments and a strong non-oversell policy. Our purpose-built hosting infrastructure has serviced many organizations for over a decade. Offering OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and equipment leasing options, visit our website for prices and more details.
* [http://www.ultravps.com UltraVPS] UltraVPS offers managed and unmanaged OpenVZ-based VPS hosting utilizing dual CPU hardware nodes with redundant, high-performance RAID-10 storage. UltraVPS offers VPS servers with many popular control panel options and turn-key applications.
* [http://www.vpsfx.com VPSFX] VPSFX.com offers OpenVZ VPS, data center colocation, and dedicated servers.
* [http://www.Webhost.US.Com/linuxvps.html US Web Hosting] Webhost.US.Com offers powerful GUI based VPS management system with full OpenVZ, Xen Paravirtualization and Xen HVM support.All our Virtual Private servers are fully Managed with 99.9% uptime and 24/7 top notch support.
* [http://unixservice.com Unixservice/unxsVZ] Low cost OpenVZ ONLY hosting we specialize in Mail, DNS and RADIUS multiple container hosting. At the world famous Market St. San Jose, CA Silicon Valley datacenter. Ping times from your containers to local yahoo and google sites guaranteed single digit ms times. Your containers are backed up at 4 local and 2 remote locations. Contact supportgrp at unixservice dot com.
* [http://www.vogenic.xyz Vogenic: Cloud Services] If you are searching for an upgrade to the shared hosting service, then you should consider our OpenVZ or KVM VPS hosting services.
* [http://vpslink.com VPSLink.com] provides virtual private server hosting on the OpenVZ platform.
* [http://www.vpsspeed.com/ VPSSpeed] - VPSSpeed provides unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS hosting with over 50 OS Templates, real 24/7/365 support and fast US servers. No overselling.
* [http://vpsnoc.com VPSNOC] offers unmanaged vps hosting based in the USA utilizing OpenVZ hypervisor behind an in-house VPS control panel.
* [https://www.waveride.at/ Waveride] Waveride, an EDIS company, offers budget full gigabit OpenVZ + solusVM VPS in Austria, USA and the Netherlands
* [http://www.webappcabaret.com WebAppCabaret] provides VPS solutions for hosting applications. We offer OpenVZ with cPanel or Plesk for web site management; and NGASI Universal App Manager for deploying and managing JAVA and RAILS applications.
* [http://www.wirenine.com/vps-hosting/ WireNine.com VPS Hosting] Low cost fully managed and unmanaged OpenVZ based VPS Hosting with SAS 15k enterprise drives in high-performance RAID-10 storage.
* [http://www.zoidial.com/ Zoidial Hosting and VPS] - offers VPS and Virtual Dedicated Server solutions utilizing OpenVZ. In business since 1998, Zoidial Incorporated is a small hosting provider focused on being security conscious, proactive, and offering a positive client experience.
* [http://zensix.com ZenSix Hosting] Cheap OpenVZ based VPS accounts with the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://zigothosting.com Zigot Hosting] Affordable and Reliable OpenVZ based VPS's within the SolusVM control panel.
* [http://www.vpsfast.us/usa-vps VPSFast] - VPS Provider with good prices in USA (Los Angeles, New Jersey, New York, Seattle, Washington, Dallas, Chicago, Atlanta, Ashburn, Miami, Piscataway).
* [http://www.xarixlite.com Xarix Lite] - offers OpenVZ hosting in Charlotte, SC. OpenVZ plans starting at $2.50/mo

== Vietnam ==

* [http://appvz.com AppVZ.com] (www.appvz.com) is a leading web solution provider offering domain, hosting, reseller and VPS hosting packages from 2009. Just recently, the company has offered discount packages where customers can avail managed and un-managed VPS for only $9.5 per month.

= Hosting providers comparison =

It is hard to compare all virtual private server offers provided by different hosting providers.
Sites below can help you with it.

* [https://www.cheapvpsservers.co.uk/ VPS Server Reviews]
* [https://www.hostingmyths.com/ Hosting Myths]
* [https://www.thehostbay.com/ TheHostBay]
* [https://www.exoticvps.com/ Exoticvps]
* [https://reviewsquirrel.com/web-hosting-reviews/ Review Squirrel]
* [http://wphostninja.com/5-websites-to-follow-to-buy-free-vps-hosting/ Freevpshosting]
* [http://lowendstock.com/ Lowendstock]
* [https://www.websitehostingrating.com/ Best Web Hosting Services]
* [http://serverbear.com/compare?Sort=RAM&Order=asc&Server+Type=VPS&Monthly+Cost=-&HDD=-&RAM=-&Virtualization=OpenVZ Serverbear]
* [http://wphostninja.com/black-friday-web-hosting-deals/ Black Friday Web Hosting]



= See also =

* [[Partners]]
* [[Download mirrors]]
* [[VPS vs Dedicated]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-15T09:23:08Z

Narcisgarcia: avoid-systemd Devuan style

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$readonly" != "y" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-15T09:22:40Z

Narcisgarcia: avoid-systemd Devuan style

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/avoid-systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-15T08:53:27Z

Narcisgarcia: apt-get

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt-get remove systemd
sudo apt-get autoremove
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-15T08:50:16Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Register OVZ updated repository */

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-13T10:33:08Z

Narcisgarcia: /* How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition */

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$readonly" != "y" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-13T09:44:27Z

Narcisgarcia: Small fixes

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$readonly" != "y" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie, stable, SystemV)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-13T09:44:06Z

Narcisgarcia: Improvements from Debian 9, better for Devuan

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devuan Devuan 1 "Jessie"] or Debian 8 "Jessie" machine (both amd64 or i386).

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Devuan or Debian because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes ([[Installation on Debian 9#btrfs|More details]]).

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =
'''Only needed for Debian''' (Devuan already works with SystemV by default). '''Warning:''' This operation can make some desktop software to stop working.

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Devuan GNU+Linux", you will find kernels named "2.6.32-openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Devuan's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a GNU distribution for Linux, installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [[Download/template/precreated|Download » Template » Precreated]], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (Wheezy, SystemV by default)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Devuan]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-12T16:44:21Z

Narcisgarcia: Main sections in bold

This is a guide to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= '''Volumes and file systems''' =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$readonly" != "y" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= '''Change Systemd to SystemV''' =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= '''Register OVZ updated repository''' =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= '''Install packages''' =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= '''Reboot into OpenVZ kernel''' =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-12T16:41:38Z

Narcisgarcia:

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Note|The best and latest Debian version for OpenVZ 6 is [[Installation on Debian 8|Devuan 1.0]], but Debian 9 makes really easy the coexistence of OVZ and unprivileged LXC containers.}}
{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

= Volumes and file systems =

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''compatible ext4'''.

== Ext4 ==
Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats Ext4 with new features, and concrete "metadata_csum" is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with "metadata_csum". Ordered alternatives:
# After a fresh Debian 9 install, remove metadata_csum feature from filesystems.
# Upgrade from Debian 8 to Debian 9 (metadata_csum not inherited)
# Root volume (/ and others) as Ext3 and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume, without metadata_csum.
# Use Ext3

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a mounted partition ===
If your host altready mounts r/w volumes on boot and you can't tune2fs+e2fsck because volumes are in use, this is the solution (example for /dev/sda1):
* First check if the partition is affected.
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* If last command didn't return a line with metadata_csum, nothing to do. Otherwise, continue:
echo copy_exec /sbin/e2fsck | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
echo copy_exec /sbin/tune2fs | sudo tee -a /usr/share/initramfs-tools/hooks/fsck
Script=/etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee $Script
echo 'if [ "$readonly" != "y" ] ; then exit 0 ; fi' | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
echo e2fsck -f $Volume | sudo tee -a $Script
sudo chmod a+x $Script
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
* Reboot and check that metadata_csum disappeared:
sudo reboot
(...)
Volume=/dev/sda1
sudo dumpe2fs -h $Volume 2>/dev/null | grep -e metadata_csum
* Restore initrd behaviour
sudo rm /etc/initramfs-tools/scripts/local-premount/tune
sudo apt --reinstall install initramfs-tools-core
This recipe is useful for any volume that can't be neither unmounted nor remounted readonly.

=== How to remove metadata_csum from a not mounted partition ===
This procedure can be applied when partition can be mounted readonly
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9
sudo tune2fs -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9
sudo e2fsck -f /dev/sda9

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible Ext4 ===
* Example for /dev/sda9
sudo mkfs -t ext4 -O -metadata_csum /dev/sda9

== btrfs ==
You might want btrfs to use per-directory (subvolume) quotas for other simfs/dir containers, such as LXC. Only vzquota doesn't work on a btrfs volume; for OVZ containers it's better to mount /var/lib/vz to an Ext4 volume.

Debian 9 installer (and tools by default) formats btrfs with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. All of these are incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel. Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of volumes with these attributes. Ordered alternatives:

# Pre-format '''compatible btrfs''' for a fresh Debian 9 install on root volume (/ and others) and deploy /var/lib/vz in a later created Ext4 volume. Debian 9 installer must not format btrfs but "keep existing data" as allowed in manual partitioning stage.
# Use '''compatible Ext4''' volumes and deploy later the secondary btrfs partitions.

=== How to format a volume to be a compatible btrfs ===
* Example for /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs -t btrfs -O ^mixed-bg,^extref,^skinny-metadata,^no-holes /dev/sda1
You must not format btrfs with Debian installer because features cannot be disabled after.

= Change Systemd to SystemV =

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* More recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

= Register OVZ updated repository =

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

= Install packages =

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools dirmngr
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

= Reboot into OpenVZ kernel =

{{Note|At boot manager, in "Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux", you will find kernels named "openvz". Select the first listed.}}

sudo reboot

Check the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). Probably you don't want this behaviour; once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

= Download OS templates =

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

= Next steps =

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

= See also =
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (oldstable) or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian

2017-07-11T19:39:39Z

Narcisgarcia: Default to Debian 9

#REDIRECT [[Installation on Debian 9]]

Installation on Debian 7

2017-07-11T19:39:24Z

Narcisgarcia: Archived to be Debian 9 the default

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 7 "Wheezy" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 7 "Wheezy" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

=== /vz file system ===

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

=== apt pre-setup ===

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

Run the following:

<pre><nowiki>cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz-rhel6.list
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy main
# deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy-test main
EOF</nowiki></pre>

{{Note|The second line with wheezy-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}

Import GPG key used for signing repository:

<pre><nowiki>wget ftp://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key
apt-key add archive.key</nowiki></pre>

Update the local cache:
apt-get update

== Kernel installation ==

Limited OpenVZ functionality is supported when you run a recent 3.x kernel (check [[vzctl for upstream kernel]]), so OpenVZ kernel installation is optional but still highly recommended.

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-amd64

Or, if you still have i686:

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686

== System configuration ==



Please make sure the following steps are performed before rebooting into OpenVZ kernel.

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Tools installation ==

{{Out|Before installing tools, please read about [[vzstats]] and opt-out if you don't want to help the project.}}

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed:

# apt-get install vzctl vzquota ploop vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

Now reboot the machine and choose an entry with word "openvz" in the boot loader menu (it should be default choice).

== Download OS templates ==

{{Note|this step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.}}

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

Download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or directly from [http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ download.openvz.org/template/precreated], or from one of the [[Download mirrors|mirrors]]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian

2017-07-11T19:37:28Z

Narcisgarcia: /* See also */ Devuan

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 7 "Wheezy" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 7 "Wheezy" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

=== /vz file system ===

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

=== apt pre-setup ===

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

Run the following:

<pre><nowiki>cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz-rhel6.list
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy main
# deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy-test main
EOF</nowiki></pre>

{{Note|The second line with wheezy-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}

Import GPG key used for signing repository:

<pre><nowiki>wget ftp://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key
apt-key add archive.key</nowiki></pre>

Update the local cache:
apt-get update

== Kernel installation ==

Limited OpenVZ functionality is supported when you run a recent 3.x kernel (check [[vzctl for upstream kernel]]), so OpenVZ kernel installation is optional but still highly recommended.

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-amd64

Or, if you still have i686:

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686

== System configuration ==



Please make sure the following steps are performed before rebooting into OpenVZ kernel.

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Tools installation ==

{{Out|Before installing tools, please read about [[vzstats]] and opt-out if you don't want to help the project.}}

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed:

# apt-get install vzctl vzquota ploop vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

Now reboot the machine and choose an entry with word "openvz" in the boot loader menu (it should be default choice).

== Download OS templates ==

{{Note|this step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.}}

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

Download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or directly from [http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ download.openvz.org/template/precreated], or from one of the [[Download mirrors|mirrors]]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] or Devuan 1.0 (Jessie)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-11T19:35:45Z

Narcisgarcia: Devuan

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 8 "Jessie" (amd64 or i386) machine. Consider [https://www.devuan.org/ Devuan GNU+Linux 1.0] for complete integration without Systemd.

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent distribution}}

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. If used for containers, vzquota will not work to control containers disk space.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==
(Not needed on Devuan OS)
{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo apt-get remove systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-11T19:18:37Z

Narcisgarcia: btrfs

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 8 "Jessie" (amd64 or i386) machine.

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent distribution}}

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

* It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.
* btrfs mounted filesystems cannot be formatted with modern features as: mixed-bg, extref, skinny-metadata, no-holes. If used for containers, vzquota will not work to control containers disk space.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo apt-get remove systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 9

2017-07-11T14:37:20Z

Narcisgarcia: Created page with "This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" machine. {{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ (Virtuozzo 7)..."

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 9 "Stretch" machine.

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent GNU/Linux distribution}}

== Requirements ==

Debian GNU/Linux without "64bit" feature at Ext4 filesystem.

== Filesystem and defaults ==

Debian 9 installer formats Ext4 with new features (64bit metadata_csum) and this is incompatible with OpenVZ6 kernel (initrd cannot mount root). Then it's necessary to boot without requiring the mount of this advanced format. Options:
* Root volume (/) as Ext3 and /var/lib/vz separated in an Ext4
* Install Debian 8 (will format without "64bit") and upgrade to Debian 9
* Install Debian 9 to a previously formatted Ext4 without "64bit".

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
# Must boot with SystemV to release Systemd
sudo reboot
sudo apt --auto-remove remove systemd
echo -e 'Package: *systemd*\nPin: release *\nPin-Priority: -1\n' | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/Debian_Stretch without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
As of July 2017, release key at openvz.org site is invalid, and last command will complain:
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian jessie Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
W: GPG error: http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release: The following signatures were invalid: DA2458173935F9DE9B76BA7547B5DBAB0FCA9BAC
W: The repository 'http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy Release' is not signed.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
You can continue.

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt --allow-unauthenticated --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(apt list --installed 'linux-image-*' 2>/dev/null | grep -e '^linux-image-' | grep -ve 'openvz' | cut -f 1 -d '/')"
sudo apt --autoremove remove $Packages

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

# Register official container templates:
OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote

# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] oldstable

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-11T14:17:42Z

Narcisgarcia:

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 8 "Jessie" machine.

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent distribution}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 8 "Jessie" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo apt-get remove systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)
* [[Installation on Debian 9]]

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-11T14:17:09Z

Narcisgarcia:

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ 6 (legacy) on your Debian 8 "Jessie" machine.

{{Out|Current commercial version of OpenVZ ([[Virtuozzo]] 7) is not installable on Debian GNU/Linux because is developed as an independent distribution}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 8 "Jessie" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo apt-get remove systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Talk:Download/template/precreated

2017-07-10T16:14:00Z

Narcisgarcia: ctcreate script generated

== Error reporting ==
Where to report an error in one of the templates? {{unsigned|92.124.110.96|19:37, 24 April 2010}}
: http://bugzilla.openvz.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=OpenVZ&component=templates --[[User:Kir|Kir]] 07:22, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

== Contributed templates ==

* [https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/contrib/debian-9.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz Debian 9 (stretch) i386]
* [https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/contrib/debian-9.0-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz Debian 9 (stretch) amd64]
* [https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/contrib/trisquel-8.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz Trisquel 8 (flidas) i386]
* [https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/contrib/trisquel-8.0-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz Trisquel 8 (flidas) amd64]
* [https://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/contrib/debian-8.0-x86-minimal.tar.gz Debian 8 (jessie) i386]

* A Slackware 14.1 x86_64 minimal template can be found here:
http://jmz.sdf.org/slackware-14.1-x86_64-minimal-20150716.tar.gz

* Most recent Funtoo templates can be found here (daily builds) for x86 and x86_64:
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/funtoo/funtoo-current/openvz/

* There is a new version of Gentoo OS template for OpenVZ that made by Thomas Urban, Please check it.
:: Gentoo 10.1 amd64, ~201 MiB, created on 2010-04-11. http://blog.toxa.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/gentoo.tar.gz
:: Author notes: http://blog.toxa.de/archives/266

* I've have built a OpenVPN template that will create an OpenVPN server in just a few minutes. This template also has scripts to create client config files and generate the needed commands on the HN. There are two versions of this template. One version creates clients with login/password auth(road warrior). The second version creates the normal server-client setup(always connected). Based on Centos 6.2 amd64
Info can be found here: https://github.com/dad311/Easy-OpenVPN-1.2-OpenVZ-CT/downloads
Create 1/2012

* We've put together a minimal build of CCT Enterprise Linux 6.2.18. Created on Aug 01, 2012 by John Knight (john@classiccitytelco.com) and tested thoroughly since. This distribution is similar to RHEL, but also has a version of EPEL, RPMforge and our own custom non-free repository available. Please contact me for further questions. Available at the following URL:
** template: http://mirror1.classiccitytelco.com/templates/cctel-6.2.18-x86_64-default.tar.gz
** dists conf file: http://mirror1.classiccitytelco.com/cctel/source/cct-enterprise-linux.conf

* It looks like the latest Arch templates are incomplete/corrupt, so I've gone ahead and packaged a new one for you folks. https://websavers.ca/vz/arch-20170110.tar.gz

Debian template creation

2017-07-10T12:34:53Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Bootstrapping Debian */

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ [[VE]]s based on Debian.

{{Warning|The recommended way is '''not to follow''' the below instructions, but to use the official Debian templates, modifying those to your needs.}}

'''Notes:'''
* You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
* Anywhere you see <tt>/vz</tt>, you might really need to use <tt>/var/lib/vz</tt> instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
* Anywhere you see <tt>http://http.us.debian.org/debian/</tt>, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. ([http://www.debian.org/mirror/list List of official Debian Mirrors])
* See also: <tt>/usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian</tt> in the ''vzctl'' Debian package

== Prerequisites ==

You need to have a working copy of <tt>debootstrap</tt> running on your hardware node.

For Debian:
sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:
sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):
sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the [http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=tree&th=142&mid=584 OpenVZ Forum].

== Bootstrapping Debian ==

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY [URL]

Specify your architecture instead of <tt>i386</tt> if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use <tt>amd64</tt> or for ia64, use <tt>ia64</tt>. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

=== Stretch (current stable) ===
net-tools,ifupdown (not in debootstrap base set) provide ifconfig,ifup; required by OpenVZ to enable venet networking.

debootstrap --arch i386 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 --include=net-tools,ifupdown stretch /vz/private/777

=== Jessie (current oldstable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 jessie /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 jessie /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Wheezy (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Squeeze (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Lenny (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian/

=== Etch (very old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Sarge (deeply old release) ===

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

== Preparing the HN network ==
Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.
### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node enable packet forwarding to forward
# packets between the HN network interfaces and venet.
# Proxy arp is needed when CT is in a different subnet
# or when using veth AND veth is not bridged to a HN
# interface. When veth is bridged to a HN interface,
# the CT handles its own arps.

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

== Preparing and starting the VE ==

=== Setting VE config ===
First, we need a config for the [[VE]]:
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (''confirmed''), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

=== Setting VE OSTEMPLATE ===
Also, we need <tt>OSTEMPLATE</tt> to be set in VE configuration file, for [[vzctl]] to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-6.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

=== Setting VE IP address ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

{{Note|if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in [[Using NAT for VE with private IPs]].}}

=== Setting DNS server for VE ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

=== Creating /dev/ptmx ===
The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.
sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

=== Starting VE ===
Now start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 777

== Customizing the installation ==
A few things need to be done inside a newly created VE for it to become suitable for OpenVZ. Enter the VE to begin the configuration (note: if running a wheezy container on a squeeze hardware node, you'll need to manually install a newer version of vzctl (the one from wheezy will be fine - http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/vzctl) due to this bug: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683454 - without making this change, the enter command will hang). Exporting the path is optional.
sudo vzctl enter 777
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

{{Warning|Do not run the commands below on the hardware node, they are only to be run within the VE!}}

=== Set Debian repositories ===
The list shown is for wheezy, and downloading from US located servers - adjust your release name and mirror location as necessary
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates main contrib
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main
## backports - ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO
# deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian-backports/ wheezy-backports main
EOF

=== Get new security updates ===
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

=== Install some more packages ===
Installing packages could be an interactive process so the system might ask some questions. You can install more packages if you'd like. For example:
apt-get install ssh quota less

=== Set sane permissions for <tt>/root</tt> directory ===
chmod 700 /root

=== Disable root login ===
This will disable root login by default.
usermod -L root

=== Disable getty ===
Disable running <tt>getty</tt>s on terminals as a VE does not have any:
sed -i -e '/getty/d' /etc/inittab

=== Disable <tt>sync()</tt> for syslog ===
Turn off doing <tt>sync()</tt> on every write for <tt>syslog</tt>'s log files, to improve I/O performance:
<pre>sed -i -e 's@$[[:space:]]$$/var/log/$@\1-\2@' /etc/*syslog.conf</pre>

=== Fix <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> ===
Link <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> to <tt>/proc/mounts</tt>, so <tt>df</tt> and friends will work:
rm -f /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

=== Remove some unneeded packages ===
If you have any packages you'd like to remove, now's the time for it. Here's an example — note that not all of those packages are installed by default in Debian Squeeze (although they were in earlier versions):

dpkg --purge modutils ppp pppoeconf pppoe pppconfig module-init-tools

=== Disable services ===

Do not start some services, stick to bare minimum. This step is release dependent.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# turn off and stop some services
for i in bind9 quotarpc fetchmail ondemand rsync uuidd wide-dhcpv6-client; do
systemctl stop $i
systemctl disable $i
done

# for upstart services comment out the start on in confs
for i in nmbd smbd samba-ad-dc rpcbind; do
systemctl disable $i
done
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

update-rc.d-insserv -f klogd remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f inetd remove

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====

update-rc.d -f klogd remove
update-rc.d -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d -f inetd remove

=== Fix SSH host keys ===
This is only useful if you installed SSH. Each individual [[VE]] should have its own pair of SSH host keys. The code below will wipe out the existing SSH keys and instruct the newly-created [[VE]] to create new SSH keys on first boot.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# Save /etc/rc.local copy
mv /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.orig

# ssh host keys hack
echo "#!/bin/sh
rm -f etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
systemctl restart ssh
mv -f /etc/rc.local.orig /etc/rc.local
" > /etc/rc.local

chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*

<source lang="bash">
cat << EOF > /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
### END INIT INFO
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ""
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ""
insserv -r /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
rm -f \$0
EOF
</source>
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
insserv /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====


<source lang="bash">
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
cat << EOF > /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ''
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ''
rm -f \$0
EOF
chmod a+x /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
</source>

=== Change timezone ===

You might want to change timezone if you do not live in $UTC. The following example is for Germany

<source lang="bash">
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
</source>
or even better
<source lang="bash">
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</source>

=== Create vzfifo script (for Jessie only) ===

This step is required '''for Jessie only''' (and is handled automatically by vzctl for earlier Debian releases). It ensures that <code>vzctl start --wait</code> works as expected.

<source lang="bash">
# Create vzfifo service
cat >> /lib/systemd/system/vzfifo.service << EOF
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Tell that Container is started
ConditionPathExists=/proc/vz
ConditionPathExists=!/proc/bc
After=multi-user.target quotaon.service quotacheck.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/bin/touch /.vzfifo
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=no
SysVStartPriority=99

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Enable service
for service in vzfifo; do
systemctl enable $service > /dev/null 2>&1
done
</source>

=== Clean packages ===
After installing packages, you'll have some junk packages laying around in your cache. Since you don't want your template to have those, this command will wipe them out.
apt-get clean

Now everything is done. Exit from the template and go back to the hardware node.
exit

== Preparing for and packing template cache ==

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from ''/etc/resolv.conf'' file '''in VE''':
sudo editor /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove ''/etc/hostname'' file '''in VE''':
sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:
sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:
cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace <tt>i386</tt> with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).
sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:
# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

== Checking if template cache works ==
We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change <tt>i386</tt> to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.
sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:
sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

== Final cleanup ==
Stop and remove the test VE you just created:
sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:
sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-6.0-i386-minimal"
If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See ''man vzctl'' for a list of available modules.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Debian template creation

2017-07-10T08:24:49Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Clean packages */ E: Command line option --purge is not understood in combination with the other options

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ [[VE]]s based on Debian.

{{Warning|The recommended way is '''not to follow''' the below instructions, but to use the official Debian templates, modifying those to your needs.}}

'''Notes:'''
* You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
* Anywhere you see <tt>/vz</tt>, you might really need to use <tt>/var/lib/vz</tt> instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
* Anywhere you see <tt>http://http.us.debian.org/debian/</tt>, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. ([http://www.debian.org/mirror/list List of official Debian Mirrors])
* See also: <tt>/usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian</tt> in the ''vzctl'' Debian package

== Prerequisites ==

You need to have a working copy of <tt>debootstrap</tt> running on your hardware node.

For Debian:
sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:
sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):
sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the [http://forum.openvz.org/index.php?t=tree&th=142&mid=584 OpenVZ Forum].

== Bootstrapping Debian ==

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY URL

Specify your architecture instead of <tt>i386</tt> if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use <tt>amd64</tt> or for ia64, use <tt>ia64</tt>. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

=== Wheezy (current stable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 wheezy /vz/private/777 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Squeeze (current oldstable) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Lenny (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian/

=== Etch (old release) ===

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

=== Sarge (very old release) ===

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

== Preparing the HN network ==
Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.
### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node enable packet forwarding to forward
# packets between the HN network interfaces and venet.
# Proxy arp is needed when CT is in a different subnet
# or when using veth AND veth is not bridged to a HN
# interface. When veth is bridged to a HN interface,
# the CT handles its own arps.

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

== Preparing and starting the VE ==

=== Setting VE config ===
First, we need a config for the [[VE]]:
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (''confirmed''), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.
sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

=== Setting VE OSTEMPLATE ===
Also, we need <tt>OSTEMPLATE</tt> to be set in VE configuration file, for [[vzctl]] to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-6.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

=== Setting VE IP address ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

{{Note|if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in [[Using NAT for VE with private IPs]].}}

=== Setting DNS server for VE ===
For the [[VE]] to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

=== Creating /dev/ptmx ===
The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.
sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

=== Starting VE ===
Now start the VE:
sudo vzctl start 777

== Customizing the installation ==
A few things need to be done inside a newly created VE for it to become suitable for OpenVZ. Enter the VE to begin the configuration (note: if running a wheezy container on a squeeze hardware node, you'll need to manually install a newer version of vzctl (the one from wheezy will be fine - http://packages.debian.org/wheezy/vzctl) due to this bug: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=683454 - without making this change, the enter command will hang). Exporting the path is optional.
sudo vzctl enter 777
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin

{{Warning|Do not run the commands below on the hardware node, they are only to be run within the VE!}}

=== Set Debian repositories ===
The list shown is for wheezy, and downloading from US located servers - adjust your release name and mirror location as necessary
cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates main contrib
deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main
## backports - ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU DO
# deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian-backports/ wheezy-backports main
EOF

=== Get new security updates ===
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

=== Install some more packages ===
Installing packages could be an interactive process so the system might ask some questions. You can install more packages if you'd like. For example:
apt-get install ssh quota less

=== Set sane permissions for <tt>/root</tt> directory ===
chmod 700 /root

=== Disable root login ===
This will disable root login by default.
usermod -L root

=== Disable getty ===
Disable running <tt>getty</tt>s on terminals as a VE does not have any:
sed -i -e '/getty/d' /etc/inittab

=== Disable <tt>sync()</tt> for syslog ===
Turn off doing <tt>sync()</tt> on every write for <tt>syslog</tt>'s log files, to improve I/O performance:
<pre>sed -i -e 's@$[[:space:]]$$/var/log/$@\1-\2@' /etc/*syslog.conf</pre>

=== Fix <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> ===
Link <tt>/etc/mtab</tt> to <tt>/proc/mounts</tt>, so <tt>df</tt> and friends will work:
rm -f /etc/mtab
ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab

=== Remove some unneeded packages ===
If you have any packages you'd like to remove, now's the time for it. Here's an example — note that not all of those packages are installed by default in Debian Squeeze (although they were in earlier versions):

dpkg --purge modutils ppp pppoeconf pppoe pppconfig module-init-tools

=== Disable services ===

Do not start some services, stick to bare minimum. This step is release dependent.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# turn off and stop some services
for i in bind9 quotarpc fetchmail ondemand rsync uuidd wide-dhcpv6-client; do
systemctl stop $i
systemctl disable $i
done

# for upstart services comment out the start on in confs
for i in nmbd smbd samba-ad-dc rpcbind; do
systemctl disable $i
done
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

update-rc.d-insserv -f klogd remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d-insserv -f inetd remove

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====

update-rc.d -f klogd remove
update-rc.d -f quotarpc remove
update-rc.d -f exim4 remove
update-rc.d -f inetd remove

=== Fix SSH host keys ===
This is only useful if you installed SSH. Each individual [[VE]] should have its own pair of SSH host keys. The code below will wipe out the existing SSH keys and instruct the newly-created [[VE]] to create new SSH keys on first boot.

==== for Jessie ====

<source lang="bash">
# Save /etc/rc.local copy
mv /etc/rc.local /etc/rc.local.orig

# ssh host keys hack
echo "#!/bin/sh
rm -f etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t dsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
/usr/bin/ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
systemctl restart ssh
mv -f /etc/rc.local.orig /etc/rc.local
" > /etc/rc.local

chmod a+x /etc/rc.local
</source>

==== for Squeeze ====

rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*

<source lang="bash">
cat << EOF > /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
# Description: Generates new ssh host keys on first boot
### END INIT INFO
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ""
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ""
insserv -r /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
rm -f \$0
EOF
</source>
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys
insserv /etc/init.d/ssh_gen_host_keys

==== for older releases (Lenny, Sarge etc.) ====


<source lang="bash">
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
cat << EOF > /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
#!/bin/bash
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -t rsa -N ''
ssh-keygen -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -t dsa -N ''
rm -f \$0
EOF
chmod a+x /etc/rc2.d/S15ssh_gen_host_keys
</source>

=== Change timezone ===

You might want to change timezone if you do not live in $UTC. The following example is for Germany

<source lang="bash">
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime
</source>
or even better
<source lang="bash">
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</source>

=== Create vzfifo script (for Jessie only) ===

This step is required '''for Jessie only''' (and is handled automatically by vzctl for earlier Debian releases). It ensures that <code>vzctl start --wait</code> works as expected.

<source lang="bash">
# Create vzfifo service
cat >> /lib/systemd/system/vzfifo.service << EOF
# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Tell that Container is started
ConditionPathExists=/proc/vz
ConditionPathExists=!/proc/bc
After=multi-user.target quotaon.service quotacheck.service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/bin/touch /.vzfifo
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=no
SysVStartPriority=99

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# Enable service
for service in vzfifo; do
systemctl enable $service > /dev/null 2>&1
done
</source>

=== Clean packages ===
After installing packages, you'll have some junk packages laying around in your cache. Since you don't want your template to have those, this command will wipe them out.
apt-get clean

Now everything is done. Exit from the template and go back to the hardware node.
exit

== Preparing for and packing template cache ==

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:
sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from ''/etc/resolv.conf'' file '''in VE''':
sudo editor /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove ''/etc/hostname'' file '''in VE''':
sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:
sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:
cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace <tt>i386</tt> with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).
sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:
# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

== Checking if template cache works ==
We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change <tt>i386</tt> to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.
sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:
sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

== Final cleanup ==
Stop and remove the test VE you just created:
sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:
sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.
DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-6.0-i386-minimal"
If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See ''man vzctl'' for a list of available modules.

[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Templates]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-09T12:22:39Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Change Systemd to SystemV */

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 8 "Jessie" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 8 "Jessie" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|[https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/users/2017-July/007290.html As of OpenVZ 042stab123.9 is not booting with Systemd].}}
{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo apt-get remove systemd

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 8

2017-07-08T18:05:26Z

Narcisgarcia: Created page with "This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 8 "Jessie" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see Quick installation. {{Ou..."

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 8 "Jessie" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 8 "Jessie" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

== Partitions and /vz file system ==

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

== Change Systemd to SystemV ==

{{Note|[https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/users/2017-July/007290.html As of OpenVZ 042stab123.9 is not booting with Systemd].}}
{{Note|Warning! This operation can make some software to stop working, such as desktop environments.}}

sudo apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit-utils
sudo cp /usr/share/sysvinit/inittab /etc/inittab

* Other recipes at [http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation without-systemd.org]

== Register OVZ updated repository ==

RepoFile=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz.list
RepoUrl=http://download.openvz.org/debian
echo "deb $RepoUrl jessie main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "#deb $RepoUrl jessie-test main" | sudo tee "$RepoFile"
echo "deb $RepoUrl wheezy main" | sudo tee -a "$RepoFile"
wget -qO - http://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

{{Note|The second line with jessie-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}
{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

== Install packages ==

KPackage="linux-image-openvz-$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
sudo apt-get --install-recommends install $KPackage vzdump ploop initramfs-tools
if [ ! -d /vz ] ; then sudo ln -s /var/lib/vz/ /vz ; fi

* Create file /etc/vz/vznet.conf with the following line:
EXTERNAL_SCRIPT="/usr/sbin/vznetaddbr"
* Optionally you can set containers completely stop when service stops at /etc/vz/vz.conf
VE_STOP_MODE=stop

== sysctl ==

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Help the project ==

This is an OpenVZ component you can install to gather OpenVZ usage and hardware statistics, in order to improve the project.

sudo apt-get install vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

sudo reboot

{{Note|If you don't see a boot manager entry with word "'''openvz'''", you must choose "'''Advanced options'''" to select there first ''openvz'' listed kernel.}}

Check that the OpenVZ processes are running:
sudo ps ax | grep -v 'grep' | grep 'vzmond'

== Set OpenVZ as default to boot ==

Because of GRUB2 default criteria, default kernel to boot can still be the one from Debian's repository (non OVZ). If you want to change this behaviour, once you've booted fine into OpenVZ kernel, you can remove other unuseful kernels:

Packages="$(aptitude search ~i~nlinux-image- --display-format '%p' | grep -ve 'openvz')"
sudo apt-get remove $Packages
sudo apt-get autoremove

== Download OS templates ==

This step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

OpenvzKey="$(echo $(sudo gpg --batch --search-keys security@openvz.org 2>&1 | grep -ie ' key.*created' | sed -e 's|key|@|g' | cut -f 2 -d '@') | cut -f 1 -d ' ' | cut -f 1 -d ',')"
sudo gpg --recv-keys $OpenvzKey
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check --list-remote
# Example:
sudo vztmpl-dl --gpg-check debian-8.0-x86_64-minimal

Alternatively, you can also download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or from one of the [https://mirrors.openvz.org/ mirrors]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 7]] very-old-stable (SystemV by default, supported)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

Installation on Debian 7

2017-07-08T17:29:20Z

Narcisgarcia: To allow future default being Debian 8

#REDIRECT [[Installation on Debian]]

Installation on Debian

2017-07-08T17:26:52Z

Narcisgarcia: Debian 8

This document briefly describes the steps needed to install OpenVZ on your Debian 7 "Wheezy" machine. For RHEL/Centos 6 based systems, please see [[Quick installation]].

{{Out|A commercial version of OpenVZ is available, which simplifies installation with a single disk as well as supports networked installation using PXE boot. To learn more about Parallels Cloud Server and request a free trial, please see http://www.parallels.com/products/pcs/}}

== Requirements ==

This guide assumes you are running '''Debian 7 "Wheezy" ''' for '''AMD64''' or '''i686'''.

=== /vz file system ===

It is recommended to use a separate partition for containers (by default '''/var/lib/vz''') and format it to '''ext4'''.

=== apt pre-setup ===

{{Note|For more info about Debian repositories, see http://download.openvz.org/debian.}}

Run the following:

<pre><nowiki>cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/openvz-rhel6.list
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy main
# deb http://download.openvz.org/debian wheezy-test main
EOF</nowiki></pre>

{{Note|The second line with wheezy-test is commented out. This is a testing repo with newer kernels and possibly tools. Enable it if you want to stay on a bleeding edge of technology.}}

Import GPG key used for signing repository:

<pre><nowiki>wget ftp://ftp.openvz.org/debian/archive.key
apt-key add archive.key</nowiki></pre>

Update the local cache:
apt-get update

== Kernel installation ==

Limited OpenVZ functionality is supported when you run a recent 3.x kernel (check [[vzctl for upstream kernel]]), so OpenVZ kernel installation is optional but still highly recommended.

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-amd64

Or, if you still have i686:

# apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686

== System configuration ==



Please make sure the following steps are performed before rebooting into OpenVZ kernel.

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here are the relevant portions of the file; please edit accordingly.

<pre>
# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# We do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
</pre>

== Tools installation ==

{{Out|Before installing tools, please read about [[vzstats]] and opt-out if you don't want to help the project.}}

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed:

# apt-get install vzctl vzquota ploop vzstats

== Reboot into OpenVZ kernel ==

Now reboot the machine and choose an entry with word "openvz" in the boot loader menu (it should be default choice).

== Download OS templates ==

{{Note|this step is optional, vzctl is able to download templates on demand.}}

An OS template is a Linux distribution installed into a container
and then packed into a gzipped tarball. Using such a cache, a new container
can be created in a minute.

Download precreated template caches from [http://openvz.org/download/template/cache Downloads » Templates » Precreated], or directly from [http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/ download.openvz.org/template/precreated], or from one of the [[Download mirrors|mirrors]]. Put those tarballs '''as-is (no unpacking needed)''' to the <tt>/vz/template/cache/</tt> directory.

== Next steps ==

OpenVZ is now set up on your machine. Follow on to [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] document.

== See also ==
* [[Installation on Debian 8]] (Jessie)

[[Category: Installation]]
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]

CT storage backends

2016-06-06T13:22:40Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Administrator operations */

{{stub}}
<translate>
= Comparison tables =


=== Solidity in front of failures and security ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''I/O isolation'''
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{No|Bad}}: Some bug could be exploited to escape CT and access HN file system <ref>[https://bugs.openvz.org/browse/OVZ-6296 CVE-2015-2925]</ref> <ref>[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/06/24/16 CVE-2014-3519]</ref>
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{Yes|Good}}
|-
|'''Reliability'''
|{{No|Low}}: big amount of files produce ext4 corruption so often
|Medium: fsck, power loss and HW Raid without cache can kill whole data
|High: LVM metadata can be corrupted completely
|{{Yes|Excellent}}: no write hole, checksumming and COW
|-
|'''Filesystem over filesystem'''
|{{No|Yes}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|?
|-
|'''Effect of HN filesystem corruption at /vz'''
|{{Yes|No effect}}
|{{No|Same FS}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Maturity in O/VZ'''
|{{No|Since 2012}}
|{{Yes|Since ~2005}}
|{{Yes|Since 1998}}
|{{No|Since 2014}}
|-
|}

=== Performance and design features ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''Maximum container volume space'''
|4 TiB <ref>[[Ploop/Limits]]</ref>
|1 EiB <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4]</ref>
|?
|256 ZiB
|-
|'''Wasted space due to architecture'''
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|?
|-
|'''Disk i/o speed'''
|Fast in any case
|Very fast with small amount of containers
|Fast in any case
|Fast in any case
|-
|'''Disk space overcommit (provide more space for containers than available on server now)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|No
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Different containers may use file systems of different types and properties'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Yes
|No
|-
|'''Second level quotes in Linux (inside container)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|-
|'''Potential support for QCOW2 and other image formats'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|No
|-
|'''Incremental backup support on filesystem level'''
|{{Yes}}, through snapshots
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|}

=== Administrator operations ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''vzctl integration'''
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{No}}, many manual operations
|{{No}}, some manual operations
|-
|'''External compaction for container volumes'''
|{{No|Needed}} for saving HN space
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|Not available}}
|{{Yes|Not required}}
|-
|'''Access to private area from host'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Live backup'''
|{{Yes|Easy, fast and consistent}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref> <ref>[[Ploop/Backup]]</ref>
|{{No|Easy, slow, and sometimes inconsistent}} in case some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Fast}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Snapshot support'''
|{{Yes}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref>
|{{No}} theoretically, because of much/small files to be copied
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Live migration'''
|{{Yes|Reliable and fast}}
|{{No|Not reliable and slow}}, if some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Continue failed CT migration'''
|{{Yes}}, in [https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/users/2015-July/006335.html vzctl] from OpenVZ -stable
|{{Yes}}, option "--keep-dst"
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|?
|-
|}

</translate>

[[Category: Storage]]

CT storage backends

2016-06-06T13:21:05Z

Narcisgarcia: /* Solidity in front of failures and security */

{{stub}}
<translate>
= Comparison tables =


=== Solidity in front of failures and security ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''I/O isolation'''
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{No|Bad}}: Some bug could be exploited to escape CT and access HN file system <ref>[https://bugs.openvz.org/browse/OVZ-6296 CVE-2015-2925]</ref> <ref>[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/06/24/16 CVE-2014-3519]</ref>
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{Yes|Good}}
|-
|'''Reliability'''
|{{No|Low}}: big amount of files produce ext4 corruption so often
|Medium: fsck, power loss and HW Raid without cache can kill whole data
|High: LVM metadata can be corrupted completely
|{{Yes|Excellent}}: no write hole, checksumming and COW
|-
|'''Filesystem over filesystem'''
|{{No|Yes}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|?
|-
|'''Effect of HN filesystem corruption at /vz'''
|{{Yes|No effect}}
|{{No|Same FS}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Maturity in O/VZ'''
|{{No|Since 2012}}
|{{Yes|Since ~2005}}
|{{Yes|Since 1998}}
|{{No|Since 2014}}
|-
|}

=== Performance and design features ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''Maximum container volume space'''
|4 TiB <ref>[[Ploop/Limits]]</ref>
|1 EiB <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4]</ref>
|?
|256 ZiB
|-
|'''Wasted space due to architecture'''
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|?
|-
|'''Disk i/o speed'''
|Fast in any case
|Very fast with small amount of containers
|Fast in any case
|Fast in any case
|-
|'''Disk space overcommit (provide more space for containers than available on server now)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|No
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Different containers may use file systems of different types and properties'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Yes
|No
|-
|'''Second level quotes in Linux (inside container)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|-
|'''Potential support for QCOW2 and other image formats'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|No
|-
|'''Incremental backup support on filesystem level'''
|{{Yes}}, through snapshots
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|}

=== Administrator operations ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''vzctl integration'''
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{No|No}}, many manual operations
|{{Yes|No}}, some manual operations
|-
|'''External compaction for container volumes'''
|{{No|Needed}} for saving HN space
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|Not available}}
|{{Yes|Not required}}
|-
|'''Access to private area from host'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Live backup'''
|{{Yes|Easy, fast and consistent}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref> <ref>[[Ploop/Backup]]</ref>
|{{No|Easy, slow, and sometimes inconsistent}} in case some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Fast}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Snapshot support'''
|{{Yes}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref>
|{{No}} theoretically, because of much/small files to be copied
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Live migration'''
|{{Yes|Reliable and fast}}
|{{No|Not reliable and slow}}, if some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Continue failed CT migration'''
|{{Yes}}, in [https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/users/2015-July/006335.html vzctl] from OpenVZ -stable
|{{Yes}}, option "--keep-dst"
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|?
|-
|}

</translate>

[[Category: Storage]]

CT storage backends

2016-06-06T13:16:37Z

Narcisgarcia: References, vzctl integration

{{stub}}
<translate>
= Comparison tables =


=== Solidity in front of failures and security ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''I/O isolation'''
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{No|Bad}}: Some bug could be exploited to escape CT and access HN file system <ref>[https://bugs.openvz.org/browse/OVZ-6296 CVE-2015-2925]</ref> <ref>[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/06/24/16 CVE-2014-3519]</ref>
|{{Yes|Good}}
|{{Yes|Good}}
|-
|'''Reliability'''
|{{No|Low}}: big amount of files produce ext4 corruption so often
|Medium: fsck, power loss and HW Raid without cache can kill whole data
|High: LVM metadata can be corrupted completely
|{{Yes|Excellent}}: no write hole, checksumming and COW
|-
|'''Risk to be using filesystem over filesystem'''
|{{No|Yes}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|?
|-
|'''Effect of HN filesystem corruption at /vz'''
|{{Yes|No effect}}
|{{No|Same FS}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Maturity in O/VZ'''
|{{No|Since 2012}}
|{{Yes|Since ~2005}}
|{{Yes|Since 1998}}
|{{No|Since 2014}}
|-
|}

=== Performance and design features ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''Maximum container volume space'''
|4 TiB <ref>[[Ploop/Limits]]</ref>
|1 EiB <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4]</ref>
|?
|256 ZiB
|-
|'''Wasted space due to architecture'''
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|up to 20%}}
|?
|-
|'''Disk i/o speed'''
|Fast in any case
|Very fast with small amount of containers
|Fast in any case
|Fast in any case
|-
|'''Disk space overcommit (provide more space for containers than available on server now)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|No
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Different containers may use file systems of different types and properties'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|Yes
|No
|-
|'''Second level quotes in Linux (inside container)'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|-
|'''Potential support for QCOW2 and other image formats'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|No
|-
|'''Incremental backup support on filesystem level'''
|{{Yes}}, through snapshots
|{{No}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|}

=== Administrator operations ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! Feature
! OVZ Ploop
! OVZ SimFS (ext4)
! LVM (ext4)
! ZFS (~simfs)
|-
|'''vzctl integration'''
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{Yes|Complete}}
|{{No|No}}, many manual operations
|{{Yes|No}}, some manual operations
|-
|'''External compaction for container volumes'''
|{{No|Needed}} for saving HN space
|{{Yes|No}}
|{{No|Not available}}
|{{Yes|Not required}}
|-
|'''Access to private area from host'''
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|?
|?
|-
|'''Live backup'''
|{{Yes|Easy, fast and consistent}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref> <ref>[[Ploop/Backup]]</ref>
|{{No|Easy, slow, and sometimes inconsistent}} in case some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Fast}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Snapshot support'''
|{{Yes}}<ref>[http://openvz.livejournal.com/44508.html ploop snapshots and backups]</ref>
|{{No}} theoretically, because of much/small files to be copied
|{{Yes}}
|{{Yes}}
|-
|'''Live migration'''
|{{Yes|Reliable and fast}}
|{{No|Not reliable and slow}}, if some application depends on inode IDs
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|{{Yes|Fast}} theoretically
|-
|'''Continue failed CT migration'''
|{{Yes}}, in [https://lists.openvz.org/pipermail/users/2015-July/006335.html vzctl] from OpenVZ -stable
|{{Yes}}, option "--keep-dst"
|{{No|Not implemented}}
|?
|-
|}

</translate>

[[Category: Storage]]