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integrating OpenVZ in one of its special releases. The article starts from
 
integrating OpenVZ in one of its special releases. The article starts from
 
conceptual actions required to create OpenVZ LiveCD and then step-by-step
 
conceptual actions required to create OpenVZ LiveCD and then step-by-step
−
describes technical aspects. I want to note, that technical aspects depend a bit
+
describes technical aspects.
−
on certain version of kernel, aufs and cloop you're using. For example some small
 
−
changes in code (functions argument type change and alike) are necessary. I used
 
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aufs-20061113 and cloop-2.05-1 because these versions were used on in KNOPPIX 5.1.1.
 
−
2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027 OpenVZ kernel was used.
 
  
 
== Concepts ==
 
== Concepts ==
 +
 
# Download KNOPPIX iso and get access to its content
 
# Download KNOPPIX iso and get access to its content
 
# Extract KNOPPIX compressed image
 
# Extract KNOPPIX compressed image
−
# Somehow obtain OpenVZ Debian packages: kernel, vzctl, vzquota and template
+
# Create OpenVZ Debian package and some other kernel-related packages
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# Uninstall previous Linux kernel and related packages from extracted tree
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# Uninstall old Linux kernel and related packages from extracted tree and
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# Install OpenVZ Debian packages there
+
# install OpenVZ kernel there
 +
# Uninstall some packages from extracted tree in order to free some space for
 +
# the next step
 +
# Install vzctl/vzquota/templates in the tree
 
# Compress the tree
 
# Compress the tree
−
# Build aufs and cloop kernel modules against OpenVZ kernel
+
# Copy required kernel modules in appropriate places on the disc
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# Copy these modules in appropriate places on the disc
 
−
# Modify initrd image of KNOPPIX
 
 
# Create new ISO image
 
# Create new ISO image
  
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wget ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/knoppix/KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso
 
wget ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/knoppix/KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
Let's copy contents of iso to to hard drive:
−
Let's copy contents of this iso to to the hard drive:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
mkdir mnt
 
mkdir mnt
Line 46: Line 43:
 
cp -a mnt/* cd-contents/
 
cp -a mnt/* cd-contents/
 
umount mnt
 
umount mnt
−
rm -r mnt
+
rm -f mnt
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
 
When you're booted in KNOPPIX LiveCD you can observe a lot of files and use
 
When you're booted in KNOPPIX LiveCD you can observe a lot of files and use
−
various applications. On CD all this information is stored in a single file:
+
variouse applications. On CD all this information is stored in one file:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
ls -lh cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
 
ls -lh cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
 
-rw-r--r--  1 vass vass 691M Jan  4 03:50 cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
 
-rw-r--r--  1 vass vass 691M Jan  4 03:50 cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
 
As you can see its size is 691M, but after uncompressing it'll be
 
As you can see its size is 691M, but after uncompressing it'll be
 
approximately 2Gb. In order to uncompress this file we need special tools:
 
approximately 2Gb. In order to uncompress this file we need special tools:
Line 68: Line 63:
 
cd ..
 
cd ..
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
 
After we have extract_compressed_fs tool in hand, let's extract KNOPPIX image:
 
After we have extract_compressed_fs tool in hand, let's extract KNOPPIX image:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
Line 75: Line 69:
 
-rw-rw-r--  1 vass vass 2.0G Apr 12 17:38 KNOPPIX.img
 
-rw-rw-r--  1 vass vass 2.0G Apr 12 17:38 KNOPPIX.img
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
KNOPPIX.img file can be mounted using usual '-o loop' option. Next our step is to create a copy of file system tree on hard drive.
−
KNOPPIX.img file can be mounted using usual '-o loop' option.
+
Note, that we can't use 'cp' tool here, because of hardlinks and special files. We need to use rsynс:
−
Next our step is to create a copy of KNOPPIX file system tree on the hard disk.
 
−
Note, that we can't use 'cp' tool here, because of hardlinks and special files.
 
−
We should use rsynс:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
mkdir mnt
 
mkdir mnt
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rm -r mnt
 
rm -r mnt
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
Now we should set up OpenVZ environment in obtained tree: kernel, vzctl, vzquota, template. For vzctl and vzquota we can use precompiled packages from http://debian.systs.org. But we have to create kernel Debian package by self, because at the moment we need additional patches in order all to work smoothly (but this will be unnecessary soon, when patches will be included in main OpenVZ patch). I created a Debian VE on my machine and install there kernel-package package, that allows to create Debian kernel packages easily. After that the creation of package is something like that:
−
Now we should set up OpenVZ environment in obtained tree: kernel, vzctl, vzquota, template. For vzctl and vzquota we can use precompiled packages from http://debian.systs.org. But at the moment we have to create kernel Debian package by self, because we need additional patches in order all to work smoothly (but it will be unnecessary soon, when patches will be included in main OpenVZ patch). This is important to use KNOPPIX default kernel config! The creators of LiveCD take a lot of care about customizing config file in such manner, that CD will suite as many users as possible. We shouldn't throw away such great job. We do `make oldconfig` and press enter all the time. Additionally some config options should be turn off at the moment. (http://bugzilla.openvz.org/show_bug.cgi?id=433): CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION, CONFIG_SJCD, CONFIG_OPTCD, CONFIG_AZTCD, CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XD, CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS, CONFIG_SND_WAVEFRONT.
 
−
I created a Debian VE on my machine and install there kernel-package package, that allows to create Debian kernel packages easily. After that the creation of package is something like that:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
mkdir ovz-kernel
 
mkdir ovz-kernel
Line 102: Line 91:
 
patch -p1 -d linux-2.6.18 < diff-ubc-mm-null-pointer-for-kthread-20070406
 
patch -p1 -d linux-2.6.18 < diff-ubc-mm-null-pointer-for-kthread-20070406
 
mv linux-2.6.18 linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027
 
mv linux-2.6.18 linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027
−
vim linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027/Makefile                   # here we add right extraversion: -8.el5-028test027
+
vim linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027/Makefile # here we add right release: -8.el5-028test027
−
cp linux-2.6.19 linux-2.6.18/.config
+
cp kernel-2.6.18-i686.config.ovz linux-2.6.18/.config
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cd linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027
 
−
make oldconfig                                              # pressing enter here
 
−
vim .config                                                 # switching off some config options
 
 
make-kpkg --revision=.1 kernel_image
 
make-kpkg --revision=.1 kernel_image
−
cd ..
 
 
cd ..
 
cd ..
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
 
If everything went smoothly, in the top directory we'll be able to see linux-image file:
 
If everything went smoothly, in the top directory we'll be able to see linux-image file:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
Line 117: Line 101:
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 vass vass 13364308 Apr 16 11:06 linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
 
-rw-r--r-- 1 vass vass 13364308 Apr 16 11:06 linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
Don't delete sources and compilation of this kernel. A bit later we'll need to build aufs and cloop kernel modules against this kernel.
−
Don't delete sources and compilation of this kernel.
+
Now I download vzctl and vzquota Debian packages from http://debian.systs.org and on template:
−
A bit later we'll need to build aufs and cloop kernel modules against this kernel.
 
−
Now I download vzctl and vzquota Debian packages from http://debian.systs.org and a template:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
wget  http://debian.systs.org/debian/pool/openvz/v/vzctl/vzctl_3.0.16-1dso2~sarge0_i386.deb
 
wget  http://debian.systs.org/debian/pool/openvz/v/vzctl/vzctl_3.0.16-1dso2~sarge0_i386.deb
Line 126: Line 108:
 
wget http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz
 
wget http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
Now copy packages to KNOPPIX tree and chroot there:
−
Copying packages to KNOPPIX tree and chroot there:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
cp linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb KNOPPIX-content/root
 
cp linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb KNOPPIX-content/root
Line 138: Line 119:
 
cd /root
 
cd /root
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
In chrooted environment we need to remove all kernel related packages. In KNOPPIX 5.1.1 2.6.19 vanilla kernel is used, so we can easily
−
In chrooted environment we need to remove all kernel related packages.
+
identify all kernel-related packages and eliminate them using this knowledge:
−
In KNOPPIX 5.1.1 2.6.19 vanilla kernel is used, so we can easily identify
 
−
all kernel-related packages and eliminate them using this knowledge:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
dpkg-query --list | grep 2.6.19
 
dpkg-query --list | grep 2.6.19
Line 150: Line 129:
 
apt-get remove rt2x00-cvs-modules-2.6.19
 
apt-get remove rt2x00-cvs-modules-2.6.19
 
apt-get remove loop-aes-modules-2.6.19
 
apt-get remove loop-aes-modules-2.6.19
−
apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.19
+
apt-get remove linuxt-image-2.6.19
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
And now install new tools (don't be afraid about warnings: they are ok)
−
Installing OpenVZ tools (don't be afraid about warnings: they are ok)
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
apt-get install linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
 
apt-get install linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
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mv debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz /var/lib/vz/template/cache/
 
mv debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz /var/lib/vz/template/cache/
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
[TODO: remove other packages to free disk space]
−
Here I want to note one thing. We added some data to the KNOPPIX image,
+
Cleaning all up:
−
so its size increased. If you want to burn iso on CD/DVD later you should
 
−
think of removing some packages. I miss this point, but you're aware.
 
−
After all we need to clean up chrooted environment:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
umount /proc
 
umount /proc
Line 171: Line 146:
 
exit
 
exit
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
That's greate, now we have all the tree ready, let's compress it in new image using create_compressed_fs tool:
−
That's great, now we have all the tree ready,
 
−
let's compress it in the new image using create_compressed_fs tool
 
−
and copy to the right place:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
mkisofs -R -iso-level 4 -force-rr -J  ./KNOPPIX-content-modif/ > KNOPPIX-modif.img
 
mkisofs -R -iso-level 4 -force-rr -J  ./KNOPPIX-content-modif/ > KNOPPIX-modif.img
 
./cloop-2.05/create_compressed_fs KNOPPIX-modif.img 65536 > KNOPPIX-modif
 
./cloop-2.05/create_compressed_fs KNOPPIX-modif.img 65536 > KNOPPIX-modif
−
cp KNOPPIX-modif cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
Now we need to compile aufs and cloop kernel modules for our new kernel. Let's start from cloop module.
−
The next our step is to compile aufs and cloop kernel modules against OpenVZ kernel.
+
We uncomment one definition in source, because we're using RHEL-based kernel. The patch below shows what to do:
−
Let's start from cloop module. A definition in source must be commented,
 
−
because we're using RHEL-based kernel. The patch below shows what to do:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
--- cloop-2.05/compressed_loop.c.rh    2006-10-13 23:39:41.000000000 +0400
 
--- cloop-2.05/compressed_loop.c.rh    2006-10-13 23:39:41.000000000 +0400
Line 197: Line 166:
 
  #include <linux/version.h>
 
  #include <linux/version.h>
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
OK, let's compile cloop
−
Getting the sources, building:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
wget http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org/sources/cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
 
wget http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org/sources/cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
 
tar xzf cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
 
tar xzf cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
 
cd cloop-2.05/
 
cd cloop-2.05/
−
vim compressed_loop.c                                     # uncommenting define here
+
vim compressed_loop.c # uncommenting define here
 
make KERNEL_DIR=../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ module
 
make KERNEL_DIR=../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ module
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
 
+
After that you should have cloop.ko file in current directory. Later we copy it to appropriate place.
−
After that you should have cloop.ko file in current directory. Later we will copy it to appropriate place.
+
What about aufs? Get this module from cvs. I use this version (20061113), because this version is used in KNOPPIX 5.1.1.
−
What about aufs? Get the sources from cvs. I used 20061113 version, because this version is used in KNOPPIX 5.1.1.
+
The following changes are required in AUFS, because we use rhel5-based kernel:
−
The following changes are required in aufs, because we're using rhel5-based kernel:
 
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
--- aufs/fs/aufs/cpup.c.orig    2006-10-23 12:58:33.000000000 +0000
 
--- aufs/fs/aufs/cpup.c.orig    2006-10-23 12:58:33.000000000 +0000
Line 246: Line 213:
 
         ino_t ino;
 
         ino_t ino;
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
−
Building aufs:
+
TODO: (FOR NEWER AUFS ONE MORE PATCH with "(deleted)"
 +
<pre>
 +
</pre>
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs login
 
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs login
 
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs co -D20061113 aufs
 
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs co -D20061113 aufs
 
cd aufs
 
cd aufs
−
vim fs/aufs/cpup.c                                        #
 
−
vim fs/aufs/dir.c                                        # Introducing required changes
 
−
vim fs/aufs/vdir.c                                        #
 
 
make KDIR=../../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ -f local.mk
 
make KDIR=../../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ -f local.mk
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
After this step you have an aufs.ko file in current directory.
 +
Next step is too create add this (and some other) modules to initrd. It'll be tomorrow ;)
  
−
Now you have aufs.ko file in current directory. Next we need to add these modules to the disc:
+
[TODO] CREATE GOOD CONTENTS TABLE OF THIS PART.
−
<pre>
 
−
cp aufs.ko cloop.ko cd-contents/KNOPPIX/modules/
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
When booting KNOOPIX uses initrd image,
 
−
where it stores some kernel modules required to get access to the CD-drive.
 
−
We need to remove old modules and add new one to initrd image. Extracting and
 
−
mounting initrd:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
mkdir initrd
 
−
cd initrd
 
−
cp cd-contents/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz ./
 
−
gunzip minirt.gz
 
−
mkdir mnt
 
−
mount -o loop minirt mnt
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
The modules directory on initrd contents kernel modules. Now we should replace these modules by
 
−
equivalents from OpenVZ kernel. Note, that some modules can missing, because we use other kernel.
 
−
Just remove modules, that are missing. After this operation is done copy new minirt.gz to the appropriate place:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
umount mnt
 
−
gzip minirt
 
−
cp minirt.gz ../cd-contents/boot/isolinux/
 
−
cd ..
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
The last major step is to copy vmlinuz to isolinux directory:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
cp vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027 cd-contents/boot/isolinux/linux
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
Actually, now we're ready to create iso image with KNOPPIX OpenVZ LiveCD.
 
−
But I describe a bit cosmetic changes now. First, we want to add OpenVZ logo and slogan
 
−
to the startup screen of KNOPPIX. This picture is stored in boot/isolinux/logo.16 file in lss16 format.
 
−
To convert this image to gif format we should install syslinux and netpbm-progs packages.
 
−
After that the following actions should be done:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
mkdir boot-picture
 
−
cp cd-contents/boot/isolinux/logo.16 boot-picture/
 
−
cd boot-picture
 
−
lss16toppm < logo.16 > logo.ppm
 
−
ppmtogif < logo.ppm > logo.gif
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
Then I  edit OpenVZ logo using gimp and save the image in bmp format.
 
−
Converting and copying logo to the appropriate place:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
bmptoppm < logo.bmp > logo.ppm
 
−
ppmtolss16 < logo.ppm > logo.16
 
−
cd ..
 
−
cp boot-picture/logo.16 cd-contents/boot/isolinux/logo.16
 
−
</pre>
 
−
 
 
−
Knoppix uses KDE as Window Manager and after KDE is loaded you can see the web page
 
−
with information about using KNOPPIX. Of course, we want you to see the information
 
−
about basics of using OpenVZ. So we write a page: [[Basic operations in OpenVZ]] and saved it
 
−
in cd-contents/KNOPPIX/ directory. Then we just edited etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession file so,
 
−
that Basic_operations_in_OpenVZ.html.html file is opened on KDE start.
 
−
 
 
−
Great, let's write it all on CD:
 
−
<pre>
 
−
chmod -R u+w cd-contents
 
−
rm cd-contents/boot/isolinux/boot.cat
 
−
mkisofs -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -o KNOPPIX_V5.1.1-OPENVZ-CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso -no-emul-boot \
 
−
-l -J -r -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso-content
 
−
</pre>
 
  
 
== Result ==
 
== Result ==
−
[todo]
 
  
 
== Links ==
 
== Links ==
Line 334: Line 233:
 
# http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Knoppix_Remastering_Howto
 
# http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Knoppix_Remastering_Howto
 
# http://debian.systs.org/
 
# http://debian.systs.org/
−
 
−
 
−
[[Category: HOWTO]]
 
−
[[Category: Live CD]]
 

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