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OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates. | OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates. | ||
− | This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] | + | This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Stable. |
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== Requirements == | == Requirements == | ||
=== Filesystems === | === Filesystems === | ||
− | It | + | It is recommended to use a separate partition for container private directories (by default /var/lib/vz/private/<veid>). The reason why you should do so is that if you wish to use OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that per-container quota in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on [[HN]]. |
− | directories (by default | ||
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− | + | At least try to avoid using root partition for containers because the root user of container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system. | |
− | + | OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems so use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota. | |
− | + | === Repository setup === | |
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− | === | ||
At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org: | At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org: | ||
− | + | * by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org> | |
− | : (OpenVZ | + | : (OpenVZ Kernels only) |
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian | : apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian | ||
− | + | * by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org> | |
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs | : apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs | ||
: (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/) | : (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/) | ||
− | {{Note|The next steps | + | {{Note|The next steps used the Repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs, the actually OpenVZ Tools for Debian are exist only in unstable, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}} |
− | {{Note| | + | {{Note|per default on Ubuntu system, root task are done with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}} |
+ | |||
+ | This can be achieved by the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
− | # echo | + | # echo "deb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list |
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update | # wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
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== Kernel installation == | == Kernel installation == | ||
− | + | {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ Kernel (the debian way)]].}} | |
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− | {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ | ||
First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install. | First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install. | ||
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</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | + | === Configuring the bootloader === | |
In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file: | In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file: | ||
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{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}} | {{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}} | ||
− | ===== | + | === Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel === |
+ | |||
+ | {{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}} | ||
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+ | Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ. | ||
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+ | == Installing the user-level tools == | ||
OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are: | OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are: | ||
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<pre> | <pre> | ||
# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota | # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota | ||
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</pre> | </pre> | ||
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There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly. | There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly. | ||
− | {{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, | + | {{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing sysctl options for openvz}} |
<pre> | <pre> | ||
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net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 | net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 | ||
− | net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0 | + | net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0 |
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 | net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 | ||
# Enables source route verification | # Enables source route verification | ||
− | net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 | + | net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1 |
# Enables the magic-sysrq key | # Enables the magic-sysrq key | ||
− | kernel.sysrq=1 | + | kernel.sysrq = 1 |
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification | # TCP Explict Congestion Notification | ||
− | #net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0 | + | #net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0 |
# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects | # we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects | ||
− | net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=1 | + | net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 |
− | net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0 | + | net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 |
[...] | [...] | ||
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(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}} | (Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}} | ||
− | # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz | + | # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz |
=== OS templates === | === OS templates === | ||
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To install a container, you need OS template(s). | To install a container, you need OS template(s). | ||
− | Precreated templates can be found | + | Precreated templates can be found [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here]. |
You can create your own templates, see | You can create your own templates, see | ||
− | [[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation | + | [[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation] and [[Category:Templates]]. |
{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}} | {{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}} | ||
− | # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian | + | # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian |
== Additional User Tools == | == Additional User Tools == | ||
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: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop) | : A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop) | ||
− | ; [[vzdump]] | + | ; [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump vzdump]] |
: A utility to backup and restore container. | : A utility to backup and restore container. | ||
# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump | # [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump | ||
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== Use it! == | == Use it! == | ||
After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template | After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template | ||
− | to create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki. | + | to create a first container and do some |
+ | [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki. | ||
[[Category: HOWTO]] | [[Category: HOWTO]] | ||
[[Category: Debian]] | [[Category: Debian]] | ||
[[Category: Installation]] | [[Category: Installation]] |