= Sarge-Dapper (OldStable) ={{Warning|The OpenVZ packages at http://debianmajority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only.systs'''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].org/ aimed to install OpenVZ in a easy way, some tasks are even completed during the install process!'''}}
== edit apt source settings ==Add to your "/etc/apt/sourcesOpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.list"
<pre> deb This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.systs.orgDebian] Etch or Lenny/debian sarge openvzSqueeze. </pre>For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions.
and get For Wheezy (7.0), use the new vzctl package listsincluded in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/]. Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.org version 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]].
<pre># apt-get update<You may also wish to check the information on [http:/pre>/wiki.debian.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki].
== precompiled kernel images For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at debian.systs.org (dso) ==The kernel-images on debian.systs.org (dsoyour risk''') use the same kernel-config taken from OpenVZ.(most kernel-modules are built-in!)
If there is more than one CPU available (or a CPU with hyperthreading), use the kernel-smp deb.If there is more than 4 Gb of RAM available, use the kernel-enterprise deb.Otherwise, use the plain kernel deb (kernel).== Requirements ==
{| class="wikitable"== Filesystems ===|+'''Kernel flavors list''It's recommended that you use a separate partition for container private! Kernel type !! Description !! Hardware !! Use case|-! -| uniprocessor| up directories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason for this is that if you wish to 4GB of RAM||use the OpenVZ per-! -smp| symmetric multiprocessor| up container disk quota, you won't be able to 4 GB of RAM| 10use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-20 VPSs|-! -entnosplit| SMP + PAE support| up to 64 GB of RAM| 10-30 VPSs|-! -enterprise| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split| up to 64 GB of RAM| >20container quota" in this context includes not only pure per-30 VPSs|}container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]].
kernel-image: i368 and amd64<pre> ovzkernel-2At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers, because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations.6If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system.9 ovzkernel-2.6.9-smp</pre>
kernelOpenVZ per-image: i386 container disk quota is supported only:<pre> ovzkernel-2.6.9-enterprise ovzkernelfor ext2/ext3 filesystems; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-2.6container disk quota.9-entnosplit</pre>
OpenVZ tool=== Repository setup (sEtch only) for i386 and amd64<pre> vzctl vzquota vzprocps vzdump</pre>===
template(s) for i368 '''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and amd64 : Debian 3tools are available on main repository.1 Minimal<pre> vzctl-ostmpl-debian</pre>'''
== installing the kernel-images, toolset and debian-os-template ==Example: install the stable OpenVZ kernel, tools and Debian OS Template1. Using openvz.org repositories ====
# aptitude install ovzkernel-2At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.6openvz.9 vzctl vzquota vzdump vzctl-ostmpl-debianorg:
; by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
: (OpenVZ kernels only)
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian
Maybe you need to update your "linux; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>: apt-loader" uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs: (can be configured at Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http:/etc/kernel-imgdebian.systs.conforg/)
{{Note|The next steps use the repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs; the actual OpenVZ Tools for the "GRUB"Debian exist only as unstable builds, see http: //packages.debian.org/vzctl}}
# {{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https:/sbin/grub-update help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}
This can be done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>
Reboot in your new ==== 2. Using Debian Stable OpenVZ Systemrepositories (upgrade to lenny) ====
# rebootThere is even a '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.28. '''Use it at your own risk!'''
Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.list'''
<pre>
deb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian/ testing main
deb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian-security/ testing/updates main
</pre>
ThatEnlarge apt-cache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf'''s all this line:<pre>APT::Cache-)Limit "100000000";</pre>
Now itGive etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''s time to setup your VE's with the minimal Debian-3.1 Template, create new one or download another precreated OSand set like this:<pre>Package: *Pin: release a=etchPin-Template.Priority: 700
Package: *Pin: release a= Etch (Stable) =lennyPin-Priority: 650OpenVZ is now a part of Debian Etch repository.</pre>
== install the kernelThen '''apt-image ==get update && apt-get dist-upgrade''' to upgrade to lenny.
=== precompiled kernel images at download.openvz.org =Kernel installation ==
a Debian OpenVZ kernel repository is online, for direct access http://download.openvz.org/kernel/debian/etch/=== Wheezy and Lenny ===
{{Note|The best kernel to use is [[Download/kernel/rhel6|RHEL6-based]]. Please see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.0]]}}
add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"<pre> deb http://download.openvz.org/debian etch main</pre>=== Etch ===
update package lists<pre> # apt-get update</pre>==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ====
list downloadable {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ linux-images<pre> # apt-cache search linux-image-2.6kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (the Debian way)]].18-openvz</pre>}}
install a First, you need to choose what kernel<pre> # apt-get you want to install <linux-image></pre>.
{| class=== precompiled "wikitable"|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel images at debianconfig from http://download.systsopenvz.org ==='''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture|-! ovzkernel-2.6.18| uniprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM| i386 and amd64|-! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 4 GB of RAM| i386 and amd64|-! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split| up to 64 GB of RAM| i386 only|}
Add {| class="wikitable"|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-686| uni- and multiprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-686-bigmem| symmetric multiprocessor| up to your "/etc/apt/sources64 GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-2.6.list"18-amd64| uni- and multiprocessor| | amd64|-|}
<pre>
deb http://debian.systs.org/ etch openvz# apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>
Add ===== Configuring the signing key of debian.systs.org (dso) apt-keyring, (need root permissions)<pre> # wget http://debian.systs.org/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -q -O - | apt-key add -</pre>bootloader =====
and get In case GRUB is used as the new package listsboot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:
<pre>
# apt[...] title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-get updateovz-028stab051.1-686 root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791 initrd /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 savedefault[...]
</pre>
linux-image (version 028stab035.1) :<pre> ovzkernel-{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.18 (i386 and amd64) ovzkernel-22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-smp (i386 and amd64)grub for more details}} ovzkernel===== Installing the user-2.6.18-enterprise only (i386)</pre>level tools =====
# aptOpenVZ needs some user-get install <linux-image>level tools installed. Those are:
=== or build your own kernel-image ; vzctl: A utility to control OpenVZ containers (debian waycreate, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.) ===; vzquota: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).
To install the kernel-source and the OpenVZ kernel patch, run:
<pre>
# [sudo] apt-get install kernel-package linux-source-2.6.18 kernel-patch-openvz libncurses5-devvzctl vzquota
</pre>
==== 2 Using Debian lenny repositories ====
Unpack the If you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kerneland can install with:<pre>apt-sourceget install linux-image-openvz-686</pre>this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:
<pre>
# cd /usr/src # tar xjf apt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-sourceimage-2.6.18.tar.bz2 # cd 26-1-openvz-686 linux-sourceimage-openvz-2.6.18686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-dev
</pre>
and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (initramdisk) or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
You need a kernel config.You can use Now reboot the machine and choose the config of OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the debian-kernel:<pre> # cp /boot/config-2loader menu.6.18-4If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-686 level tools for OpenVZ.config</pre>
=== Confirm proper installation ===
Or get a 21.6.18 kernel config from httpKernel://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/
<pre>
# wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/kerneluname -r 2.6.1826-028test0101-i686.config.ovz openvz-O .config686 #
</pre>
Now you can apply openvz 2. Openvz kernel patch and modify your kernel-configfacility:
<pre>
# ../kernel-patches/all/apply/openvzps ax | grep vz # make menuconfig2349 ? S 0:00 [vzmond]
</pre>
You need following OpenVZ kernel config settings3. A network interface for containers:
<pre>
# ifconfig venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (taken from a OpenVZ Kernel 20.60 B) TX bytes:0 (0.18-028test010.1 on 6860 B)</pre>
Filesystem\_ [*] Second extended fs support (CONFIG_EXT2_FS)\_ [*] Ext3 journalling file system support (CONFIG_EXT3_FS)\_ [M] Quota Support (CONFIG_QUOTA) \_ [*] Compatibility with older quotactl interface (CONFIG_QUOTA_COMPAT) \_ [*]Quota format v2 support (CONFIG_QFMT_V2)\_ [*] VPS filesystem (CONFIG_SIM_FS)\_ [*] Virtuozzo Disk Quota support (CONFIG_VZ_QUOTA) \-> [*] Per-user and per-group quota in Virtuozzo quota partitions (VZ_QUOTA_UGID)== Configuring ==
Security \->[ ] Enable different security models=== sysctl ===
There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly... (what else :-)\_[*] Virtual Environment support (CONFIG_VE) \_ These parameters are stored in <Mtt> VE calls interface (CONFIG_VE_CALLS) \_ /etc/sysctl.conf<M/tt> VE networking (CONFIG_VE_NETDEV) \_ <M> Virtual ethernet device (CONFIG_VE_ETHDEV) \_ <M> VE device (CONFIG_VZ_DEV) \_ [*] VE netfiltering (CONFIG_VE_IPTABLES) \_ <M> VE watchdog module (CONFIG_VZ_WDOG) \_ <M> Checkpointing & restoring Virtual Environments (CONFIG_VZ_CHECKPOINT)file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.
User resources {{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automatically inserts these options at the last of <tt>/etc/sysctl... (User Beancounters)\_ [*] Enable user resource accounting (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE)\_ [*] Account physical memory usage ( CONFIG_USER_RSS_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Account disk IO (CONFIG_UBC_IO_ACCT)\_ [*] Account swap usage (CONFIG_USER_SWAP_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Report resource usage in /proc (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE_PROC)\_ [*] User resources debug features (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG)\_ [*] Debug kmemsize with cache counters (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG_KMEM)conf</prett>, except for net.ipv4.ip_forward}}
<pre>
[...]
<pre># On Hardware Node we generally need INFO: Better to build the kernel-headers as well, so afterward other kernel-modules can built without whole kernel tree (e.g. drbd -> drbd0.7-module-source) See also : # make-kpkg --targets</pre>packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
Compile your Kernel (as user root, or you need the --rootcmd!)# Enables source route verification<pre> # make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revisionnet.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 --initrd binary-arch or all above with one step
# makeEnables the magic-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revisionsysrq keykernel.sysrq=1 --initrd --config menuconfig binary-arch</pre>
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0
Install the kernel and update initramfs:# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects<pre> # dpkg -i net.ipv4./linux-image-2conf.6default.18-send_redirects=1-openvz_1_i386net.deb # update-initramfs -c -k 2ipv4.conf.6all.18-1-openvz</pre>send_redirects=0
<pre> INFO: update-initramfs is done, when make-kpkg is use with --initrd option INFO: update-grub can be configured by /etc/kernel-img[.conf..]
</pre>
Update the bootloader (when not done above) # [sudo] sysctl -p
GRUB :{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backwardcompatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}
# [sudo] ln -s /usrvar/sbinlib/update-grubvz /vz
INFO: since the Debian ETCH-release the location of update-grub is moved from /sbin/update-grub to /usr/sbin/update-grub !=== OS templates ===
== install {{Note|Support of OS templates on 64 bit hosts is somewhat limited for the toolset ==time being, so that not all tools or features are available - please see [[Making template tools to work on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-Fedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}}
You To install a container, you need the toolset for manage-ing OpenVZ Virtual Enviromennt OS template(VEs).
<pre> # apt-get install vzctl vzquota<Precreated templates can be found [http:/pre>/wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
You can create your own templates, see
[[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].
= modify needed settings ={{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}
If you want network access for the virtual server then you need to enable IP forwarding # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian-5.0-i386-minimal
An old (before Etch) Debian Way: set "ip_forward" to yes in /etc/network/option.== Additional User Tools ==
# editor /etc/network/options; vzprocps: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)
The new (from Etch) standard way is ; [[vzdump]]: A utility to use sysctl for this (see below)backup and restore container.
# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump
In some cases you may need to enable proxy_arp for the network devices that you want your virtual hosts to be accessible on.
You can add this to a specific interface in the network configuration (/etc/network/interfaces) by the following lines, replace %DEV% with your device name (ie. eth0).
Example:On Debian squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in standard aptline. For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]]
<pre>
[...]
# device: %DEV%
iface %DEV% inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255
gateway 192.168.2.1
up sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=100 pre-down sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=0[...]</pre>Secure it ==
If you want to secure your container with individual firewall rules (instead or use additionally to securing the /etc/network/if-up/ and /etc/network/if-downhost node) then you must run iptables inside the container.d/ directoriesThis works slightly different than on a physical server. So make sure that you check that iptables rules are indeed applied as expected inside the container.
<pre> INFO: # man 5 interfaces (to read more about debian's network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown) INFO: It is recommanded to add Iptables modules required by the magic-sysrq key, to your /etc/sysctlcontainer must be specified in the general vz.conf file or the vzXXX.conf</pre>file of the container.
a (plain) OpenVZ Linux Way:Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers.
Add settings to IPTABLES="/etc/sysctl.confip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS"
<pre> # On Hardware Node we generally need # packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled net[[http://wiki.ipv4debian.ip_forward = 1 netorg/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
# Enables source route verification net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1{{Warning|Note that iptables rules inside the container are not applied automatically as on a physical server by starting the iptables module! Follow the instructions below}}
# Enables To make sure the magic-sysrq key kernel.sysrq = 1iptables rules are applied on a startup/reboot we'll create a new file:
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification # netnano /etc/network/if-pre-up.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0d/iptables
# we do not want all our interfaces Add these lines to send redirects net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 </pre>it:
#!/bin/bash
/sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
<pre> INFOThe file needs to be executable so change the permissions: Suggestion: Please make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ (Debian vz root directory is installed FHS-like to /var/lib/vz)
# ln -s chmod +x /varetc/libnetwork/vz if-pre-up.d/vz</pre>iptables
Start iptables
'''Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 /etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in/init.'''d/iptables start
If the startup shows errors then you have probably not activated the needed iptables modules. See above.
# rebootCheck inside the container that your iptables rules are indeed applied:
iptables -L
If the rules do not show up as you would expect on a physical server then you might not have activated the needed iptables modules.
That's all== Start it!==
Now it's time to create a OS Template or download another precreated OS-Template # [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start
This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start:
INFO: Suggestions: Setup your default OS Template in /etc/# [sudo] update-rc.d vz/vz.confdefaults 98
== Use it! ==
After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]