= Sarge-Dapper (OldStable) ={{Warning|The OpenVZ packages at http://debianmajority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only.systs'''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].org/ aimed to install OpenVZ in a easy way, some tasks are even completed during the install process!'''}}
== edit apt source settings ==Add to your "/etc/apt/sourcesOpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.list"
<pre>This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Etch or Lenny/Squeeze. For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions. deb For Wheezy (7.0), use the vzctl package included in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/].systs Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.orgversion 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]]. You may also wish to check the information on [http://wiki.debian sarge openvz.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki]. For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at your risk'''). == Requirements == === Filesystems ===It's recommended that you use a separate partition for container privatedirectories (by default <code>/var/lib/prevz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason for this is that if you wish to use the OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-container quota" in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]]. At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers, because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system. OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota. === Repository setup (Etch only) === '''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and tools are available on main repository.''' ==== 1. Using openvz.org repositories ====
and get At the new package listsmoment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:
; by Ola Lundqvist <preopal@debian.org># : (OpenVZ kernels only): apt-get update<uri http://download.openvz.org/pre>debian
== precompiled kernel images at ; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org (dso) ==>The kernel: apt-images on debianuri http://download.systsopenvz.org /debian-systs: (dso) use the same kernel-config taken Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from OpenVZhttp://debian.systs.(most kernel-modules are built-in!org/)
If there is more than one CPU available (or a CPU with hyperthreading), {{Note|The next steps use the kernelrepository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-smp deb.If there is more than 4 Gb of RAM availablesysts; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, use the kernel-enterprise debsee http://packages.Otherwise, use the plain kernel deb (kernel)debian.org/vzctl}}
{{Note| class="wikitable"|+'''Kernel flavors list'''! Kernel type !! Description !! Hardware !! Use case|-! -| uniprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM||-! -smp| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 4 GB of RAM| 10-20 VPSs|-! -entnosplit| SMP + PAE support| up to 64 GB of RAM| 10-30 VPSs|-! -enterprise| SMP + PAE support + 4By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/4GB split| up to 64 GB of RAM| >20-30 VPSs|RootSudo sudo]}}
kernel-image: i368 and amd64This can be done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
ovzkernel# echo -2e "\ndeb http://download.6openvz.9org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list ovzkernel# wget -2q http://download.openvz.6org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.9asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-smpget update
</pre>
==== 2. Using Debian repositories (upgrade to lenny) ==== There is even a '''lenny''' repository with kernel-image: i386 only:2.6.28. '''Use it at your own risk!''' Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.list'''
<pre>
ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9-enterprise MIRROR/debian/ testing main ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9MIRROR/debian-entnosplitsecurity/ testing/updates main
</pre>
OpenVZ tool(s) for i386 and amd64Enlarge apt-cache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf''' this line:
<pre>
vzctl vzquota vzprocps vzdumpAPT::Cache-Limit "100000000";
</pre>
template(s) for i368 Give etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''' and amd64 set like this: Debian 3.1 Minimal
<pre>
vzctlPackage: *Pin: release a=etchPin-ostmplPriority: 700 Package: *Pin: release a=lennyPin-debianPriority: 650
</pre>
== installing the kernelThen '''apt-images, toolset and debianget update && apt-osget dist-template ==Example: install the stable OpenVZ kernel, tools and Debian OS Templateupgrade''' to upgrade to lenny.
# aptitude install ovzkernel-2.6.9 vzctl vzquota vzdump vzctl-ostmpl-debian== Kernel installation ==
=== Wheezy and Lenny ===
If you are using GRUB, maybe you need {{Note|The best kernel to update the use is [[Download/bootkernel/grub/menurhel6|RHEL6-based]].lst file(can be configured at /etc/kernel-imgPlease see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.conf):0]]}}
# /sbin/grub-update === Etch ===
==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ====
Reboot in your new {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian Sarge , see [[Compiling the OpenVZ Systemkernel (the Debian way)]].}}
# rebootFirst, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386 only
|}
That{| class="wikitable"|+'''s all :OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-)686| uni- and multiprocessorNow it's time | up to setup your VEs with the minimal Debian4GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-32.6.1 Template, create new one or download another precreated OS18-686-Templatebigmem| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 64 GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-amd64| uni- and multiprocessor| | amd64|-|}
= Etch (Stable) =
OpenVZ is now a part of Debian Etch repository. The packages are 'vzctl' and 'vzquota'.
== install the kernel-image ==
=== precompiled kernel images at download.openvz.org ===
A Debian OpenVZ kernel repository is online, for direct access http://download.openvz.org/kernel/debian/etch/
add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"
<pre>
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian etch main# apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>
Update package lists===== Configuring the bootloader ===== In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <prett> # apt-get update/boot/grub/menu.lst</prett>file:
List downloadable OpenVZ linux-images
<pre>
# apt[...] title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-cache search linux028stab051.1-image686 root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-openvzovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791 initrd /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 savedefault[...]
</pre>
Install {{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel<pre> # apt-get install <linuxwill boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-image></pre>grub for more details}}
=== precompiled kernel images at debian.systs.org == Installing the user-level tools =====
Add to your "/etc/apt/sourcesOpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed.list"Those are:
<pre>; vzctl deb http://debianA utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.systs); vzquota: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).org/ etch openvz</pre>
Add the signing key of debian.systs.org (dso) apt-keyring, (need root permissions)
<pre>
# wget http://debian.systs.org/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -q -O - | [sudo] apt-key add -get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>
and get the new package lists==== 2 Using Debian lenny repositories ====
If you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kernel and can install with:
<pre>
# apt-get updateinstall linux-image-openvz-686
</pre>
Choose a linux image (version 028stab035.1) this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:
<pre>
ovzkernelapt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-image-2.6.18 (i386 and amd64) ovzkernel26-1-2.6.18openvz-686 linux-image-smp (i386 and amd64) ovzkernelopenvz-2.6.18686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-enterprise only (i386)dev
</pre>
and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
# apt-get install <linux-image>=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
=== or build {{Warning|Before you restart your Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your own kernel-image harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (debian wayinitramdisk) ===or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
To install Now reboot the kernel-source machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel patchhas been booted successfully, run:<pre> # aptproceed to installing the user-get install kernel-package linux-source-2.6level tools for OpenVZ.18 kernel-patch-openvz libncurses5-dev</pre>
=== Confirm proper installation ===
Unpack the kernel source1. Kernel:
<pre>
# cd /usr/srcuname -r # tar xjf linux-source-2.6.18.tar.bz226-1-openvz-686 # cd linux-source-2.6.18
</pre>
You need a kernel config2.You can use the config of the debian-Openvz kernelfacility:
<pre>
# cp /boot/config-2.6.18-4-686 .configps ax | grep vz 2349 ? S 0:00 [vzmond]
</pre>
Or get a 23.6.18 kernel config from httpA network interface for containers://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/
<pre>
# wget httpifconfig venet0 Link encap://download.openvz.org/kernel/devel/current/configs/kernelUNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-2.6.1800-028test01000-i68600 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.config.ovz -O 0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.config0 B)
</pre>
== Configuring ==
=== sysctl ===
Now you can apply the openvz There are a number of kernel patch and modify your kernel-config:parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <prett> # ../kernel-patchesetc/all/apply/openvz # make menuconfigsysctl.conf</prett>file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.
{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automatically inserts these options at the last of <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt>, except for net.ipv4.ip_forward}}
You need the following OpenVZ kernel config settings:
<pre>
(taken from OpenVZ Kernel 2[.6.18-028test010.1 on 686)]
Filesystem# On Hardware Node we generally need\_ [*] Second extended fs support (CONFIG_EXT2_FS)\_ [*] Ext3 journalling file system support (CONFIG_EXT3_FS)\_ [M] Quota Support (CONFIG_QUOTA) \_ [*] Compatibility with older quotactl interface (CONFIG_QUOTA_COMPAT) \_ [*]Quota format v2 support (CONFIG_QFMT_V2)\_ [*] VPS filesystem (CONFIG_SIM_FS)\_ [*] Virtuozzo Disk Quota support (CONFIG_VZ_QUOTA) \-> [*] Per-user # packet forwarding enabled and per-group quota in Virtuozzo quota partitions (VZ_QUOTA_UGID)proxy arp disabled
Securitynet.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 \->[ ] Enable different security modelsnet.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
OpenVZ # Enables source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf. (what else :-)\_[*] Virtual Environment support (CONFIG_VE) \_ <M> VE calls interface (CONFIG_VE_CALLS) \_ <M> VE networking (CONFIG_VE_NETDEV) \_ <M> Virtual ethernet device (CONFIG_VE_ETHDEV) \_ <M> VE device (CONFIG_VZ_DEV) \_ [*] VE netfiltering (CONFIG_VE_IPTABLES) \_ <M> VE watchdog module (CONFIG_VZ_WDOG) \_ <M> Checkpointing & restoring Virtual Environments (CONFIG_VZ_CHECKPOINT)all.rp_filter=1
User resources ..# Enables the magic-sysrq keykernel. (User Beancounters)\_ [*] Enable user resource accounting (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE)\_ [*] Account physical memory usage ( CONFIG_USER_RSS_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Account disk IO (CONFIG_UBC_IO_ACCT)\_ [*] Account swap usage (CONFIG_USER_SWAP_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Report resource usage in /proc (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE_PROC)\_ [*] User resources debug features (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG)\_ [*] Debug kmemsize with cache counters (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG_KMEM)</pre>sysrq=1
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0
INFO: Better # we do not want all our interfaces to build the kernel-headers as well, so afterward other kernel-modules can send redirectsbe built without whole kernel tree (enet.gipv4. drbd -> drbd0conf.7-module-source)default.send_redirects=1See also : "make-kpkg --targets"net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
Compile your Kernel (as user root, or you need the --rootcmd!)<pre> # make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd binary-arch or all above with one step # make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd --config menuconfig binary-arch</pre> Install the kernel and update initramfs:<pre> # dpkg -i [../linux-image-2.6.18-1-openvz_1_i386.deb # update-initramfs -c -k 2.6.18-1-openvz]
</pre>
<pre> INFO: update # [sudo] sysctl -initramfs is done, when make-kpkg is use with --initrd option INFO: update-grub can be configured by /etc/kernel-img.conf</pre>p
Update the bootloader {{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backwardcompatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions(when not done above)Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}
GRUB : # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
# /usr/sbin/update-grub=== OS templates ===
INFO: since the Debian ETCH-release the location {{Note|Support of update-grub OS templates on 64 bit hosts is moved from /sbin/updatesomewhat limited for the time being, so that not all tools or features are available -grub please see [[Making template tools to /usr/sbin/updatework on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-grub !Fedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}}
== Install the toolset ==To install a container, you need OS template(s).
You need the toolset for managing OpenVZ Virtual Environments (VE)Precreated templates can be found [http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
<pre>You can create your own templates, see # apt-get install vzctl vzquota</pre>[[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].
= modify needed settings ={{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}
If you want network access for the virtual server then you need to enable IP forwarding # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian-5.0-i386-minimal
An old (before Etch) Debian Way: set "ip_forward" to yes in /etc/network/option.== Additional User Tools ==
# editor /etc/network/options; vzprocps: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)
The new (from Etch) standard way is ; [[vzdump]]: A utility to use sysctl for this (see below)backup and restore container.
# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump
In some cases you may need to enable proxy_arp for the network devices that you want your virtual hosts to be accessible on.
You can add this to a specific interface in the network configuration (/etc/network/interfaces) by the following lines, replace %DEV% with your device name (ie. eth0).
Example:On Debian squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in standard aptline. For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]]
<pre>
[...]
# device: %DEV%
iface %DEV% inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.2.0
broadcast 192.168.2.255
gateway 192.168.2.1
up sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=100 pre-down sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=0[...]</pre>Secure it ==
If you want to secure your container with individual firewall rules (instead or use additionally to securing the /etc/network/if-up/ and /etc/network/if-downhost node) then you must run iptables inside the container.d/ directoriesThis works slightly different than on a physical server. So make sure that you check that iptables rules are indeed applied as expected inside the container.
<pre> INFO: # man 5 interfaces (to read more about debian's network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown) INFO: It is recommanded to add Iptables modules required by the magic-sysrq key, to your /etc/sysctlcontainer must be specified in the general vz.conf file or the vzXXX.conf</pre>file of the container.
a (plain) OpenVZ Linux Way:Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers.
Add settings to IPTABLES="/etc/sysctl.confip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS"
<pre> # On Hardware Node we generally need # packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled net[[http://wiki.ipv4debian.ip_forward = 1 netorg/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
# Enables source route verification net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1{{Warning|Note that iptables rules inside the container are not applied automatically as on a physical server by starting the iptables module! Follow the instructions below}}
# Enables To make sure the magic-sysrq key kernel.sysrq = 1iptables rules are applied on a startup/reboot we'll create a new file:
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification # netnano /etc/network/if-pre-up.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0d/iptables
# we do not want all our interfaces Add these lines to send redirects net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 </pre>it:
#!/bin/bash
/sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
<pre> INFOThe file needs to be executable so change the permissions: Suggestion: Please make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ (Debian vz root directory is installed FHS-like to /var/lib/vz)
# ln -s chmod +x /varetc/libnetwork/vz if-pre-up.d/vz</pre>iptables
Start iptables
'''Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 /etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in/init.'''d/iptables start
If the startup shows errors then you have probably not activated the needed iptables modules. See above.
# rebootCheck inside the container that your iptables rules are indeed applied:
iptables -L
If the rules do not show up as you would expect on a physical server then you might not have activated the needed iptables modules.
That's all== Start it!==
Now it's time to create a OS Template or download another precreated OS-Template # [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start
This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start:
INFO: Suggestions: Setup your default OS Template in /etc/# [sudo] update-rc.d vz/vz.confdefaults 98
== Use it! ==
After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]