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{{Warning|The majority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only. '''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].'''}}
OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.
This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] stableEtch or Lenny/Squeeze. For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions. For Wheezy (7.0), use the vzctl package included in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/]. Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.org version 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]]. You may also wish to check the information on [http://wiki.debian.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki]. For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at your risk''').
== Requirements ==
=== Filesystems ===
It is 's recommended to that you use a separate partition for container privatedirectories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason why you should do so for this is that if you wish to use the OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-container quota " in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]].
At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers , because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system.
OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems so ; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota.
=== Repository setup (Etch only) === '''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and tools are available on main repository.''' ==== 1. Using openvz.org repositories ====
At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:
{{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}
This can be achieved by done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
</pre>
==== 2. Using Debian repositories (upgrade to lenny) ==== There is even an a '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.2428. '''Use it at your own risk!''' Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.list'''<pre>deb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian/ testing maindeb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian-security/ testing/updates main</pre> Enlarge apt-cache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf''' this line:<pre>APT::Cache-Limit "100000000";</pre> Give etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''' and set like this:
<pre>
</pre>
Then '''apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade''' to upgrade to lenny.
== Kernel installation ==
=== Wheezy and Lenny ===
{{Note|The best kernel to use is [[Download/kernel/rhel6|RHEL6-based]]. Please see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.0]]}}
=== Etch ===
==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ====
{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (the Debian way)]].}}
</pre>
===== Configuring the bootloader =====
In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:
{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}}
=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel === {{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}} Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing Installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ. == Installing the user-level tools ===
OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:
<pre>
# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>
==== 2 Using Debian lenny repositories ====
If you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kernel and can install with:
<pre>
apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686
</pre>
this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:
<pre>
apt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-image-2.6.26-1-openvz-686 linux-image-openvz-686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-dev
</pre>
and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (initramdisk) or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.
=== Confirm proper installation ===
1. Kernel:
<pre>
# uname -r
2.6.26-1-openvz-686
#
</pre>
2. Openvz kernel facility:
<pre>
# ps ax | grep vz
2349 ? S 0:00 [vzmond]
</pre>
3. A network interface for containers:
<pre>
# ifconfig
venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
</pre>
There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.
{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing automatically inserts these options at the last of <tt>/etc/sysctl options .conf</tt>, except for openvznet.ipv4.ip_forward}}
<pre>
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0
# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
[...]
(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}
# [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
=== OS templates ===
{{Note|Support of OS templates on 64 bit hosts is somewhat limited for the time being, so that not all tools or features are available - please see [[Making template tools to work on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-Fedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}}
To install a container, you need OS template(s).
Precreated templates can be found [http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
You can create your own templates, see
{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}
# [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian-5.0-i386-minimal
== Additional User Tools ==
# [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump
On Debian squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in standard aptline. For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]]
== Secure it ==
Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers.
IPTABLES="ip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS"
[[http://wiki.debian.org/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container.
After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some[[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]