= Stable ={{Warning|The majority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only. '''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].'''}}
== Edit apt settings ==OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.
add This guide tells how to your "install the kernel and the tools on [http:/etc/aptwww.debian.org Debian] Etch or Lenny/sourcesSqueeze.list"
For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions. For Wheezy (7.0), use the vzctl package included in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/]. Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.org version 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]]. You may also wish to check the information on [http://wiki.debian.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki]. For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at your risk'''). == Requirements == === Filesystems ===It's recommended that you use a separate partition for container privatedirectories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<preCTID></code>). The reason for this is that if you wish to use the OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-container quota" in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]]. At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers, because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system. OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota. === Repository setup (Etch only) === deb '''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and tools are available on main repository.''' ==== 1. Using openvz.org repositories ==== At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org: ; by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>: (OpenVZ kernels only): apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian ; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>: apt-uri http:/ stable /download.openvz.org/debian-systs: (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/)<{{Note|The next steps use the repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, see http://packages.debian.org/pre>vzctl}}
and get the new package lists{{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}
This can be done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
</pre>
== Packages at debian== 2.systs.org Using Debian repositories (dsoupgrade to lenny) ====
precreated OpenVZ Debian Packages:There is even a '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.28. '''Use it at your own risk!'''
kernel(s) for i368 and amd64 - Version: 023stab032Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.1list'''
<pre>
ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9 MIRROR/debian/ testing main ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9MIRROR/debian-smpsecurity/ testing/updates main
</pre>
kernel(s) for i368 and amd64 Enlarge apt- Versioncache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf''' this line: 026test020.1
<pre>
ovzkernelAPT::Cache-2.6.16 ovzkernel-2.6.16-smpLimit "100000000";
</pre>
OpenVZ tool(s) for i386 Give etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''' and amd64set like this:
<pre>
vzctlPackage: * vzquotaPin: release a=etch vzprocpsPin-Priority: 700 Package: *Pin: release a=lennyPin-Priority: 650
</pre>
templateThen '''apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade''' to upgrade to lenny. == Kernel installation == === Wheezy and Lenny === {{Note|The best kernel to use is [[Download/kernel/rhel6|RHEL6-based]]. Please see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.0]]}} === Etch === ==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ==== {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (sthe Debian way) for i368 ]].}} First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install. {| class="wikitable"|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture|-! ovzkernel-2.6.18| uniprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM| i386 and amd64 : |-! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 4 GB of RAM| i386 and amd64|-! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split| up to 64 GB of RAM| i386 only|} {| class="wikitable"|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian 3Architecture|-! fzakernel-2.6.1 Minimal18-686| uni- and multiprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-686-bigmem| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 64 GB of RAM| i386|-! fzakernel-2.6.18-amd64| uni- and multiprocessor| | amd64|-|}
<pre>
vzctl# apt-ostmpl-debianget install <kernel>
</pre>
== Installing === Configuring the kernels and OpenVZ toolset bootloader =====
ExampleIn case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:
# aptitude install ovzkernel<pre>[...] title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791 initrd /initrd.img-2.6.9 vzctl vzquota vzctl18-ostmplovz-028stab051.1-debian686 savedefault[...]</pre>
Maybe you need to {{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update you "linux-loader" like lilo or grub:for more details}}
for ===== Installing the "GRUB"user-level tools ===== OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are: ; vzctl: A utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.); vzquota: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl). <pre> # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota</sbin/grub-updatepre>
Reboot in your new ==== 2 Using Debian Stable OpenVZ Systemlenny repositories ====
# rebootIf you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kernel and can install with:<pre>apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686</pre>this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:<pre>apt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-image-2.6.26-1-openvz-686 linux-image-openvz-686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-dev</pre>and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
That's all :-)=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
=Unstable={{Warning|Before you restart your Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (initramdisk) or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ is now a part of Debian Sid (aLinux Kernel on the boot loader menu.k.a. "unstable") repository. This article describes how If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to install installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ on a Debian Sid system.
== Installing the utilities and kernel patch = Confirm proper installation ===
To install the OpenVZ kernel patch and utilities, run the following1. Kernel:
<pre>
apt # uname -get updaterapt 2.6.26-get install kernel1-patchopenvz-openvz vzctl vzquota686 #
</pre>
== Creating the 2. Openvz kernel package ==facility:<pre> # ps ax | grep vz 2349 ? S 0:00 [vzmond]</pre>
To create a kernel package, you need to download and unpack 23.6.16 “vanilla” kernel firstA network interface for containers:
<pre>
cd /usr/src/ # ifconfigwget http venet0 Link encap://kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linuxUNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-2.6.16.tar.bz200 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0tar xjf linux-2.6.16.tar.bz2 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 cd linux-2 RX bytes:0 (0.60 B) TX bytes:0 (0.160 B)
</pre>
(Note that you do need a vanilla kernel for this, because the OpenVZ kernel patch doesn't apply cleanly to the Debian linux-source-2.6.16 package; see [http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=377707 Debian bug #377707].)= Configuring ==
Next, get the proper === sysctl === There are a number of kernel config from [http:parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/downloadsysctl.openvzconf</tt> file.orgHere is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly. {{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automatically inserts these options at the last of <tt>/kerneletc/devel/026test015sysctl.1conf</configs/ downloadtt>, except for net.openvzipv4.org]. Below is the example of using smp config for i686:ip_forward}}
<pre>
wget http://download[.openvz.org/.] # On Hardware Node we generally need# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 # Enables source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1 # Enables the magic-sysrq keykernel/devel/026test015.sysrq=1/configs/kernel-2 # TCP Explict Congestion Notification#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0 # we do not want all our interfaces to send redirectsnet.6ipv4.16-026test015-i686-smpconf.configdefault.ovzsend_redirects=1mv kernel-2net.ipv4.conf.6all.16-026test015-i686-smpsend_redirects=0 [.config.ovz .config]
</pre>
# [sudo] sysctl -p {{Note|This example uses You can make a config file symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backwardcompatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}} # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz === OS templates === {{Note|Support of OS templates on 64 bit hosts is somewhat limited for the 026test015 kernel patch. If the kerneltime being, so that not all tools or features are available -patchplease see [[Making template tools to work on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-openvz package you installed is Fedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}} To install a different versioncontainer, you need OS template(s). Precreated templates can be found [http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download a config file that corresponds with your version}}.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
Now you You can apply openvz kernel patch create your own templates, see [[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and compile the kernel[[:Category: Templates]].
<pre>{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}} # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian-5.0-i386-minimal == Additional User Tools == ; vzprocps: A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop) ; [[vzdump]]: A utility to backup and restore container. # [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump On Debian squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in standard aptline. For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]] == Secure it == If you want to secure your container with individual firewall rules (instead or additionally to securing the host node) then you must run iptables inside the container. This works slightly different than on a physical server. So make sure that you check that iptables rules are indeed applied as expected inside the container. Iptables modules required by the container must be specified in the general vz.conf file or the vzXXX.conf file of the container. Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers. IPTABLES="ip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS" [[http://wiki.debian.org/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container. {{Warning|Note that iptables rules inside the container are not applied automatically as on a physical server by starting the iptables module! Follow the instructions below}} To makesure the iptables rules are applied on a startup/reboot we'll create a new file: nano /etc/network/if-kpkg pre-up.d/iptables Add these lines to it: #!/bin/bash /sbin/iptables-added_patches openvzrestore < /etc/iptables.up.rules<The file needs to be executable so change the permissions: chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre>-up.d/iptables Start iptables /etc/init.d/iptables start If the startup shows errors then you have probably not activated the needed iptables modules. See above. Check inside the container that your iptables rules are indeed applied: iptables -L If the rules do not show up as you would expect on a physical server then you might not have activated the needed iptables modules. == Start it! == # [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start: # [sudo] update-rc.d vz defaults 98 == Use it! == After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS templateto create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]