= Sarge-Dapper (OldStable) ={{Warning|The OpenVZ packages at http://debianmajority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only.systs'''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].org/ aimed to install OpenVZ in a easy way, some tasks are even completed during the install process!'''}}
== edit apt source settings ==Add to your "/etc/apt/sourcesOpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.list"
<pre>This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Etch or Lenny/Squeeze. For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions. deb For Wheezy (7.0), use the vzctl package included in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/].systs Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.orgversion 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]]. You may also wish to check the information on [http://wiki.debian sarge openvz.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki]. For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at your risk'''). == Requirements == === Filesystems ===It's recommended that you use a separate partition for container privatedirectories (by default <code>/var/lib/prevz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason for this is that if you wish to use the OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-container quota" in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]]. At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers, because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system. OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota. === Repository setup (Etch only) === '''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and tools are available on main repository.''' ==== 1. Using openvz.org repositories ====
and get At the new package listsmoment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:
; by Ola Lundqvist <preopal@debian.org># : (OpenVZ kernels only): apt-get update<uri http://download.openvz.org/pre>debian
== precompiled kernel images at ; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org (dso) ==>The kernel: apt-images on debianuri http://download.systsopenvz.org /debian-systs: (dso) use the same kernel-config taken Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from OpenVZhttp://debian.systs.(most kernel-modules are built-in!org/)
If there is more than one CPU available (or a CPU with hyperthreading), {{Note|The next steps use the kernelrepository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-smp deb.If there is more than 4 Gb of RAM availablesysts; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, use the kernel-enterprise debsee http://packages.Otherwise, use the plain kernel deb (kernel)debian.org/vzctl}}
{{Note| class="wikitable"|+'''Kernel flavors list'''! Kernel type !! Description !! Hardware !! Use case|-! -| uniprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM||-! -smp| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 4 GB of RAM| 10-20 VPSs|-! -entnosplit| SMP + PAE support| up to 64 GB of RAM| 10-30 VPSs|-! -enterprise| SMP + PAE support + 4By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/4GB split| up to 64 GB of RAM| >20-30 VPSs|RootSudo sudo]}}
kernel-image: i368 and amd64This can be done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
<pre>
ovzkernel# echo -2e "\ndeb http://download.6openvz.9org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list ovzkernel# wget -2q http://download.openvz.6org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.9asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-smpget update
</pre>
==== 2. Using Debian repositories (upgrade to lenny) ==== There is even a '''lenny''' repository with kernel-image: i386 only:2.6.28. '''Use it at your own risk!''' Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.list'''
<pre>
ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9-enterprise MIRROR/debian/ testing main ovzkerneldeb http://DEBIAN-2.6.9MIRROR/debian-entnosplitsecurity/ testing/updates main
</pre>
OpenVZ tool(s) for i386 and amd64Enlarge apt-cache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf''' this line:
<pre>
vzctl vzquota vzprocps vzdumpAPT::Cache-Limit "100000000";
</pre>
template(s) for i368 Give etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''' and amd64 set like this: Debian 3.1 Minimal
<pre>
vzctlPackage: *Pin: release a=etchPin-ostmplPriority: 700 Package: *Pin: release a=lennyPin-debianPriority: 650
</pre>
== installing the kernelThen '''apt-images, toolset and debianget update && apt-osget dist-template ==Example: install the stable OpenVZ kernel, tools and Debian OS Templateupgrade''' to upgrade to lenny.
# aptitude install ovzkernel-2.6.9 vzctl vzquota vzdump vzctl-ostmpl-debian== Kernel installation ==
=== Wheezy and Lenny ===
If you are using GRUB, maybe you need {{Note|The best kernel to update the use is [[Download/bootkernel/grub/menurhel6|RHEL6-based]].lst file(can be configured at /etc/kernel-imgPlease see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.conf):0]]}}
# /sbin/grub-update === Etch ===
==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ====
Reboot in your new {{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian Sarge , see [[Compiling the OpenVZ Systemkernel (the Debian way)]].}}
# rebootFirst, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386 only
|}
That{| class="wikitable"|+''s all :-) Now it's time to setup your VEs OpenVZ Kernel list built with the minimal official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! DebianArchitecture|-! fzakernel-32.1 Template, create new one or download another precreated OS6.18-Template.686| uni- and multiprocessor| up to 4GB of RAM| i386= Etch (Stable) =|-OpenVZ is now a part of Debian Etch repository! fzakernel-2. The packages are 'vzctl' and 'vzquota'6.18-686-bigmem| symmetric multiprocessor| up to 64 GB of RAM| i386== install the kernel|-image == === precompiled kernel images at download! fzakernel-2.openvz6.org ===18-amd64| uni- and multiprocessor| | amd64|-A Debian OpenVZ kernel repository is online, for direct access http://download.openvz.org/kernel/debian/etch/|}
add to your "/etc/apt/sources.list"
<pre>
deb http://download.openvz.org/debian etch main# apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>
Update package lists===== Configuring the bootloader ===== In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <prett> # apt-get update/boot/grub/menu.lst</prett>file:
List downloadable OpenVZ linux-images
<pre>
# apt[...] title Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-cache search linux028stab051.1-image686 root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-openvzovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791 initrd /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 savedefault[...]
</pre>
Install {{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel<pre> # apt-get install <linuxwill boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-image></pre>grub for more details}}
=== precompiled kernel images at debian.systs.org == Installing the user-level tools =====
Add to your "/etc/apt/sourcesOpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed.list"Those are:
<pre>; vzctl deb http://debianA utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.systs); vzquota: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).org/ etch openvz</pre>
Add the signing key of debian.systs.org (dso) apt-keyring, (need root permissions)
<pre>
# wget http://debian.systs.org/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -q -O - | [sudo] apt-key add -get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>
and get the new package lists==== 2 Using Debian lenny repositories ====
If you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kernel and can install with:
<pre>
# apt-get updateinstall linux-image-openvz-686
</pre>
Choose a linux image (version 028stab039.1) this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:
<pre>
ovzkernelapt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-image-2.6.18 (i386 and amd64) ovzkernel26-1-2.6.18openvz-686 linux-image-smp (i386 and amd64) ovzkernelopenvz-2.6.18686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-enterprise only (i386)dev
</pre>
and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
# apt-get install <linux-image>=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
=== Build {{Warning|Before you restart your own kernel-image Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (debian wayinitramdisk) ===or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
==== Installing sources ====Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.
To install the kernel-source and the OpenVZ kernel patch, run: # apt-get install kernel-package linux-source-2.6.18 kernel-patch-openvz libncurses5-dev=== Confirm proper installation ===
==== Unpacking ====1. Kernel:<pre> # uname -r 2.6.26-1-openvz-686 #</pre>
Unpack the 2. Openvz kernel sourcefacility:
<pre>
# cd /usr/srcps ax | grep vz # tar xjf linux-source-2.6.18.tar.bz2 # cd linux-source-2.6.182349 ? S 0:00 [vzmond]
</pre>
==== Kernel config ====3. A network interface for containers:<pre> # ifconfig venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)</pre>
You need a kernel config.You can use the config of the debian-kernel: # cp /boot/config-2.6.18-5-686 .config== Configuring ==
'''Or''' get a 2.6.18 kernel configuration from http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/2.6.18/current/configs/ (depending on your architecture; the below example is for i686): # wget http://download.openvz.org/kernel/branches/2.6.18/current/configs/kernel-2.6.18-i686.config.ovz -O .config=== sysctl ===
==== Patching and configuring ====There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.
Now you can apply {{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automatically inserts these options at the openvz kernel patch and modify your kernel-config: # ..last of <tt>/kernel-patchesetc/allsysctl.conf</apply/openvz # make menuconfigtt>, except for net.ipv4.ip_forward}}
You need the following OpenVZ kernel config settings:
<pre>
(taken from OpenVZ Kernel 2[.6.18-028test010.1 on 686)]
Filesystem# On Hardware Node we generally need\_ [*] Second extended fs support (CONFIG_EXT2_FS)\_ [*] Ext3 journalling file system support (CONFIG_EXT3_FS)\_ [M] Quota Support (CONFIG_QUOTA) \_ [*] Compatibility with older quotactl interface (CONFIG_QUOTA_COMPAT) \_ [*]Quota format v2 support (CONFIG_QFMT_V2)\_ [*] VPS filesystem (CONFIG_SIM_FS)\_ [M] Virtuozzo Disk Quota support (CONFIG_VZ_QUOTA) \-> [*] Per-user # packet forwarding enabled and per-group quota in Virtuozzo quota partitions (VZ_QUOTA_UGID)proxy arp disabled
Securitynet.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1 \->[ ] Enable different security modelsnet.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
OpenVZ # Enables source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf. (what else :-)\_[*] Virtual Environment support (CONFIG_VE) \_ <M> VE calls interface (CONFIG_VE_CALLS) \_ <M> VE networking (CONFIG_VE_NETDEV) \_ <M> Virtual ethernet device (CONFIG_VE_ETHDEV) \_ <M> VE device (CONFIG_VZ_DEV) \_ [*] VE netfiltering (CONFIG_VE_IPTABLES) \_ <M> VE watchdog module (CONFIG_VZ_WDOG) \_ <M> Checkpointing & restoring Virtual Environments (CONFIG_VZ_CHECKPOINT)all.rp_filter=1
User resources ..# Enables the magic-sysrq keykernel. (User Beancounters)\_ [*] Enable user resource accounting (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE)\_ [*] Account physical memory usage ( CONFIG_USER_RSS_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Account disk IO (CONFIG_UBC_IO_ACCT)\_ [*] Account swap usage (CONFIG_USER_SWAP_ACCOUNTING)\_ [*] Report resource usage in /proc (CONFIG_USER_RESOURCE_PROC)\_ [*] User resources debug features (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG)\_ [*] Debug kmemsize with cache counters (CONFIG_UBC_DEBUG_KMEM)</pre>sysrq=1
{{Note|better to build the kernel-headers as well, so afterward other kernel-modules can # TCP Explict Congestion Notificationbe built without whole kernel tree (e#net.gipv4. drbd -> drbd0.7-module-source)}}tcp_ecn=0
See also : "make-kpkg --targets"# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirectsnet.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=1net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
==== Compiling ====[...]</pre>
Compile your kernel (as user root, or you need the --rootcmd!) # make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd binary-arch or all above with one step # make-kpkg --append_to_version=-1-openvz --added_patches=openvz --revision=1 --initrd --config menuconfig binary[sudo] sysctl -archp
==== Installing ===={{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backwardInstall the kernel and update initramfs:compatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}
# dpkg [sudo] ln -i ..s /linux-image-2.6.18-1-openvz_1_i386.deb # update-initramfs -c -k 2.6.18-1-openvzvar/lib/vz /vz
{{Note|update-initramfs is done, when make-kpkg is use with --initrd option}}=== OS templates ===
{{Note|updateSupport of OS templates on 64 bit hosts is somewhat limited for the time being, so that not all tools or features are available -grub can be configured by /etc/kernelplease see [[Making template tools to work on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-img.confFedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}}
==== Bootloader ====To install a container, you need OS template(s).
Update the bootloader (if not done before)Precreated templates can be found [http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
GRUB You can create your own templates, see [[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].
# {{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /usretc/sbinvz/update-grubvz.conf}}
{{Note|since the Debian Etch release the location of update # [sudo] apt-grub is moved from /sbin/updateget install vzctl-grub to /usr/sbin/updateostmpl-grub}}debian-5.0-i386-minimal
== Install the toolset Additional User Tools ==
You need the toolset for managing OpenVZ Virtual Environments ; vzprocps: A set of utilities to provide system information (VEvzps and vztop)
<pre> # apt-get install vzctl vzquota ; [[vzdump vzctl-ostmpl-debian]]</pre>: A utility to backup and restore container.
= modify needed settings = # [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump
If you want network access for the virtual server then you need to enable IP forwarding.
An old (before Etch) On Debian Way: set "ip_forward" to yes squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in /etc/network/optionstandard aptline.For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]]
# editor /etc/network/options
The new (from Etch) standard way is to use sysctl for this (see below).== Secure it ==
If you want to secure your container with individual firewall rules (instead or additionally to securing the host node) then you must run iptables inside the container. This works slightly different than on a physical server. So make sure that you check that iptables rules are indeed applied as expected inside the container.
In some cases you may need to enable proxy_arp for Iptables modules required by the network devices that you want your virtual hosts to container must be accessible on.You can add this to a specific interface specified in the network configuration (/etc/network/interfaces) by general vz.conf file or the following lines, replace %DEV% with your device name (ievzXXX. eth0)conf file of the container.
Example:Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers.
<pre> IPTABLES="ip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl[...]# device: %DEV%iface %DEV% inet static address 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.2.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255 gateway 192.168.2.1 ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS"
up sysctl -w net[[http://wiki.ipv4debian.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=100 pre-down sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.%DEV%.proxy_arp=0org/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container...]</pre>
or use {{Warning|Note that iptables rules inside the /etc/network/if-up/ and /etc/network/if-down.d/ directories.container are not applied automatically as on a physical server by starting the iptables module! Follow the instructions below}}
<pre> INFO: # man 5 interfaces (to read more about debian's network interface configuration for ifup and ifdown) INFO: It is recommanded to add To make sure the magic-sysrq key, to your iptables rules are applied on a startup/etc/sysctl.conf</pre> reboot we'll create a (plain) OpenVZ Linux Waynew file: Add settings to "/etc/sysctl.conf"
< nano /etc/network/if-pre> # On Hardware Node we generally need # packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default-up.proxy_arp = 0d/iptables
# Enables source route verification net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1Add these lines to it:
# Enables the magic-sysrq key!/bin/bash kernel/sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.sysrq = 1rules
# TCP Explict Congestion Notification # net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0The file needs to be executable so change the permissions:
# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0 </pre> <pre> INFO: Suggestion: Please make a symlink from /varchmod +x /libetc/vz to network/vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ (Debian vz root directory is installed FHSif-like to /var/lib/vz) # ln pre-s up.d/var/lib/vz /vz</pre>iptables
Start iptables
'''Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 /etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in/init.'''d/iptables start
If the startup shows errors then you have probably not activated the needed iptables modules. See above.
# rebootCheck inside the container that your iptables rules are indeed applied:
iptables -L
If the rules do not show up as you would expect on a physical server then you might not have activated the needed iptables modules.
That's all== Start it!==
Now it's time to create a OS Template or download another precreated OS-Template # [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start
This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time. For automatic start:
INFO: Suggestions: Setup your default OS Template in /etc/# [sudo] update-rc.d vz/vz.confdefaults 98
== Use it! ==
After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
to create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Debian]]
[[Category: Installation]]