Difference between revisions of "Package managers"

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With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
 
With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
  
−
'''Feel free to add the missing pieces'''
+
== Commands ==
−
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! align="center" | Action
 
! align="center" | Action
−
! RPM<br/><small>RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandrake, ...</small>
+
! RPM<br/><small>RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ...</small>
−
! DEB<br/><small>Debian, Ubuntu</small>
+
! DEB<br/><small>Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ...</small>
−
! Ebuild<br/><small>Gentoo, Sabayon</small>
+
! Ebuild<br/><small>Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...)</small>
 +
! Pacman<br/><small>Arch Linux</small>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" align="center" | '''Basic queries'''
+
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Basic queries'''</big>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! List of all installed packages
 
! List of all installed packages
 
|| <code>rpm -qa</code>
 
|| <code>rpm -qa</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -l</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -l</code>
−
|| <code>equery list</code>
+
|| <code>equery list '*'</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Q</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
! List of installing packages matching ''substr''
+
! List of installed packages matching ''substr''
 
|| <code>rpm -qa ''\*substr\*''</code>
 
|| <code>rpm -qa ''\*substr\*''</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -l ''\*substr\*''</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -l ''\*substr\*''</code>
 
|| <code>equery list ''substr''</code>
 
|| <code>equery list ''substr''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Q | grep ''substr''</code>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Basic information about an installed ''package''
 
! Basic information about an installed ''package''
 
|| <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code>
 
|| <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code>
−
|| <code>dpkg -p ''package''</code>
+
|| <code>dpkg -s ''package''</code>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
|| <code>eix ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Qi ''package''</code>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! List of files in a given ''package''
 
! List of files in a given ''package''
Line 30: Line 33:
 
|| <code>dpkg -L ''package''</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -L ''package''</code>
 
|| <code>equery files ''package''</code>
 
|| <code>equery files ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Ql ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Advanced queries'''</big>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Which package a ''file'' belongs to?
 
! Which package a ''file'' belongs to?
Line 35: Line 41:
 
|| <code>dpkg -S ''file''</code>
 
|| <code>dpkg -S ''file''</code>
 
|| <code>equery belongs ''file''</code>
 
|| <code>equery belongs ''file''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Qo ''file''</code>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| colspan="4" align="center" | '''Package installation/upgrade/removal'''
+
! Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package
 +
|| <code>rpm -V ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>debsums -ca ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>equery check ''package''</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a ''package''
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --scripts ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>less /var/lib/dpkg/info/''package''.{pre,post,config}*</code>
 +
|| <code>cat `equery which ''package''`</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Show change log for a ''package''
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --changelog ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/''package''/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>view /usr/portage/''category''/''package''/ChangeLog</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Qc ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Local package installation/upgrade/removal'''</big>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Install a package from local ''package_file''
 
! Install a package from local ''package_file''
−
|| <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''</code>
+
|| <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
|| <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all its dependencies</ref></code>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
|| <code>emerge --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.</ref></code><br/><code>emerge --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.</ref></code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -U ''package''</code>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Upgrade a package from local ''package_file''
 
! Upgrade a package from local ''package_file''
 
|| <code>rpm -Uhv ''package_file*.rpm''</code>
 
|| <code>rpm -Uhv ''package_file*.rpm''</code>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
|| <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt"/></code>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
|| <code>emerge --update --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg"/></code><br/>
 +
<code>emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly"/></code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -U ''package''</code>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Remove an installed ''package''
 
! Remove an installed ''package''
−
|| <code>rpm -e ''package''</code>
+
|| <code>rpm -e ''package''</code><br/>
−
|| <code>-???-</code>
+
<code>yum remove|erase ''package''<ref name="yum-remove">This will also remove any packages which depend on the ''package''</ref></code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg -r ''package''</code><br/>
 +
<code>dpkg -P ''package''</code>
 
|| <code>emerge --unmerge ''package''</code><br/>
 
|| <code>emerge --unmerge ''package''</code><br/>
 
<code>emerge --prune ''package''</code>
 
<code>emerge --prune ''package''</code>
−
|-|}
+
|| <code>pacman -R ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Package installation from repositories'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
! Install a ''package''
 +
|| <code>yum install ''package''</code><br/>
 +
<code>urpmi ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>apt-get update && apt-get install ''package''</code><br/>
 +
<code>aptitude update && aptitude install ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>emerge -av ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -S ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! Install a debug information files for a ''package''
 +
|| <code>debuginfo-install ''package''</code>
 +
||
 +
|| <code>FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av ''package''</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Only download a ''package'' from repository, do not install
 +
|| First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: <br/><code>yum install yum-downloadonly</code><br/> And then: <br/> <code>yum install|update ''package'' -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt</code>
 +
|| <code>apt-get install --download-only --reinstall ''package''</code><ref name="dpkgdir">Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.</ref><br/><code>aptitude download ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>emerge -avf ''package''</code><ref name="distfiles">Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.</ref>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Sw ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Get information about package interdependencies'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
! What a given ''package'' provides?
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --provides ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>equery files ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Ql ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code>
 +
|-
 +
! What a given ''package'' requires?
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --requires ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>equery depgraph --depth=1 ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! Which installed package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>?
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''dependency''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code>
 +
|| <code>equery belongs ''dependency''</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Which installed package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>?
 +
|| <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''package''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code><br><code>aptitude why ''package''</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref>
 +
|| <code>equery depends ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Qi ''package'' | grep Required</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Show what prevents installation of a package
 +
|| <code>(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)</code>
 +
|| <code>aptitude why-not ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>emerge -pv ''package''</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Get package source files
 +
|| <code>yumdownloader --source ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>apt-get source ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>abs ''repository''/''package''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Working with package files'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
! Unpack a package ''file'' to local directory
 +
|| <code>rpm2cpio ''file.rpm'' | cpio -id</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg -x / --extract ''file.deb'' .</code>
 +
|| N/A
 +
|| <code>tar -xzf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.gz or<br/><code>tar -xJf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.xz
 +
|-
 +
! Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...)
 +
|| <code>rpm -K ''file.rpm''</code><br/>(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded)
 +
|| <code>debsums ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Show package metadata
 +
|| <code>rpm -qip ''file.rpm''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg -I / --info ''file.deb''</code>
 +
|| N/A
 +
|| ??
 +
|-
 +
! Show package file list
 +
|| <code>rpm -qlvp ''file.rpm''</code>
 +
|| <code>dpkg -c / --contents ''file.deb''</code>
 +
|| N/A
 +
|| ??
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Repository queries'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
! Find a package in a repository which <code>/some/file</code> belongs to
 +
|| <code>yum provides ''/some/file''</code>
 +
|| First run: <br/><code>apt-file update</code><br/>and then:<br/><code>apt-file search ''/some/file''</code>
 +
|| N/A
 +
||
 +
|-
 +
! Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it
 +
|| <code>yum search ''\*substr\*''</code>
 +
|| <code>apt-cache search ''\*substr\*''</code>
 +
|| <code>eix -S ''substr''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Ss ''substr''</code>
 +
|-
 +
! Shows the full description of ''package''
 +
|| <code>yum info ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>apt-cache show ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>eix ''package''</code>
 +
|| <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Relevant directories and files ==
 +
 
 +
=== Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS ===
 +
 
 +
* yum config: <code>/etc/yum.conf</code>.
 +
* yum repos: <code>/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>.
 +
* rpm configs and macros: <code>/etc/rpm/</code>, <code>/usr/lib/rpm/</code>,
 +
* rpm DB: <code>/var/lib/rpm/</code>
 +
 
 +
=== Debian/Ubuntu ===
 +
 
 +
* List of repositories and mirror sites: <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>, <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code>.
 +
 
 +
=== Gentoo ===
 +
 
 +
* emerge configs: <code>/etc/make.conf</code>, <code>/etc/portage/</code>.
 +
* Portage tree: <code>/usr/portage</code>.
 +
* Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): <code>/usr/portage/packages</code>.
 +
* Default directory to download sources to: <code>/usr/portage/distfiles</code>.
 +
* Default Portage working directory: <code>/var/lib/portage/</code>.
 +
 
 +
== Notes==
 +
<references/>
 +
 
 +
== See also ==
 +
=== Debian ===
 +
* [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkgtools.en.html Debian FAQ: package management tools]
 +
* [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ APT HOWTO]
 +
 
 +
[[Category: HOWTO]]
 +
[[Category: Templates]]
 +
[[Category: Debian]]
 +
[[Category: Ubuntu]]
 +
[[Category: Gentoo]]

Latest revision as of 21:18, 16 January 2023

With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.

Commands[edit]

Action RPM
RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ... 		DEB
Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ... 		Ebuild
Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...) 		Pacman
Arch Linux
Basic queries
List of all installed packages rpm -qa dpkg -l equery list '*' pacman -Q
List of installed packages matching substr rpm -qa \*substr\* dpkg -l \*substr\* equery list substr pacman -Q | grep substr
Basic information about an installed package rpm -qi package dpkg -s package eix package pacman -Qi package
List of files in a given package rpm -ql package dpkg -L package equery files package pacman -Ql package
Advanced queries
Which package a file belongs to? rpm -qf file dpkg -S file equery belongs file pacman -Qo file
Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package rpm -V package debsums -ca package equery check package
Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package rpm -q --scripts package less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}* cat `equery which package`
Show change log for a package rpm -q --changelog package zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz
aptitude [-t release] changelog package 		view /usr/portage/category/package/ChangeLog pacman -Qc package
Local package installation/upgrade/removal
Install a package from local package_file rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
yum localinstall package_file*.rpm[1] 		dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2] emerge --usepkg|-k package[3]
emerge --usepkgonly|-K package[4] 		pacman -U package
Upgrade a package from local package_file rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2] emerge --update --usepkg|-k package[3]

emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K package[4]

pacman -U package
Remove an installed package rpm -e package

yum remove|erase package[5]

dpkg -r package

dpkg -P package

emerge --unmerge package

emerge --prune package

pacman -R package
Package installation from repositories
Install a package yum install package

urpmi package

apt-get update && apt-get install package

aptitude update && aptitude install package

emerge -av package pacman -S package
Install a debug information files for a package debuginfo-install package FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av package
Only download a package from repository, do not install First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running:
yum install yum-downloadonly
And then:
yum install|update package -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt 		apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[6]
aptitude download package 		emerge -avf package[7] pacman -Sw package
Get information about package interdependencies
What a given package provides? rpm -q --provides package dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package equery files package (package must be installed first) pacman -Ql package (package must be installed first)
What a given package requires? rpm -q --requires package dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package equery depgraph --depth=1 package pacman -Si package
Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[8]? rpm -q --whatprovides dependency dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*dependency' equery belongs dependency
Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[8]? rpm -q --whatrequires dependency dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'
aptitude why package[9] 		equery depends package pacman -Qi package | grep Required
Show what prevents installation of a package (yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v) aptitude why-not package emerge -pv package
Get package source files yumdownloader --source package apt-get source package emerge -f package abs repository/package
Working with package files
Unpack a package file to local directory rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id dpkg -x / --extract file.deb . N/A tar -xzf package if package.pkg.tar.gz or
tar -xJf package if package.pkg.tar.xz
Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) rpm -K file.rpm
(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded) 		debsums package emerge -f package
Show package metadata rpm -qip file.rpm dpkg -I / --info file.deb N/A ??
Show package file list rpm -qlvp file.rpm dpkg -c / --contents file.deb N/A ??
Repository queries
Find a package in a repository which /some/file belongs to yum provides /some/file First run:
apt-file update
and then:
apt-file search /some/file 		N/A
Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it yum search \*substr\* apt-cache search \*substr\* eix -S substr pacman -Ss substr
Shows the full description of package yum info package apt-cache show package eix package pacman -Si package

Relevant directories and files[edit]

Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS[edit]

  • yum config: /etc/yum.conf.
  • yum repos: /etc/yum.repos.d/.
  • rpm configs and macros: /etc/rpm/, /usr/lib/rpm/,
  • rpm DB: /var/lib/rpm/

Debian/Ubuntu[edit]

  • List of repositories and mirror sites: /etc/apt/sources.list, /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.

Gentoo[edit]

  • emerge configs: /etc/make.conf, /etc/portage/.
  • Portage tree: /usr/portage.
  • Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): /usr/portage/packages.
  • Default directory to download sources to: /usr/portage/distfiles.
  • Default Portage working directory: /var/lib/portage/.

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all its dependencies
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.
  5. ↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
  6. ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
  7. ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like perl(IO::Zlib) for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
  9. ↑ Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package

See also[edit]

Debian[edit]

Retrieved from "https://wiki.openvz.org/index.php?title=Package_managers&oldid=23459"