Difference between revisions of "Package managers"

Latest revision as of 21:18, 16 January 2023

With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.

Commands[edit]

Action	RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ...	DEB Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ...	Ebuild Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...)	Pacman Arch Linux
Basic queries
List of all installed packages	`rpm -qa`	`dpkg -l`	`equery list '*'`	`pacman -Q`
List of installed packages matching substr	`rpm -qa \substr\`	`dpkg -l \substr\`	`equery list substr`	`pacman -Q \| grep substr`
Basic information about an installed package	`rpm -qi package`	`dpkg -s package`	`eix package`	`pacman -Qi package`
List of files in a given package	`rpm -ql package`	`dpkg -L package`	`equery files package`	`pacman -Ql package`
Advanced queries
Which package a file belongs to?	`rpm -qf file`	`dpkg -S file`	`equery belongs file`	`pacman -Qo file`
Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package	`rpm -V package`	`debsums -ca package`	`equery check package`
Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package	`rpm -q --scripts package`	`less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*`	cat `equery which package`
Show change log for a package	`rpm -q --changelog package`	`zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz` `aptitude [-t release] changelog package`	`view /usr/portage/category/package/ChangeLog`	`pacman -Qc package`
Local package installation/upgrade/removal
Install a package from local package_file	`rpm -ihv package_file.rpm yum localinstall package_file.rpm^[1]`	`dpkg -i package_file*.deb ^[2]`	`emerge --usepkg\|-k package^[3]` `emerge --usepkgonly\|-K package^[4]`	`pacman -U package`
Upgrade a package from local package_file	`rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm`	`dpkg -i package_file*.deb ^[2]`	`emerge --update --usepkg\|-k package^[3]` `emerge --update --usepkgonly\|-K package^[4]`	`pacman -U package`
Remove an installed package	`rpm -e package` `yum remove\|erase package^[5]`	`dpkg -r package` `dpkg -P package`	`emerge --unmerge package` `emerge --prune package`	`pacman -R package`
Package installation from repositories
Install a package	`yum install package` `urpmi package`	`apt-get update && apt-get install package` `aptitude update && aptitude install package`	`emerge -av package`	`pacman -S package`
Install a debug information files for a package	`debuginfo-install package`		`FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av package`
Only download a package from repository, do not install	First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: `yum install yum-downloadonly` And then: `yum install\|update package -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt`	`apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package`^[6] `aptitude download package`	`emerge -avf package`^[7]	`pacman -Sw package`
Get information about package interdependencies
What a given package provides?	`rpm -q --provides package`	`dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package`	`equery files package (package must be installed first)`	`pacman -Ql package (package must be installed first)`
What a given package requires?	`rpm -q --requires package`	`dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package`	`equery depgraph --depth=1 package`	`pacman -Si package`
Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency^[8]?	`rpm -q --whatprovides dependency`	`dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '' \| grep ': .dependency'`	`equery belongs dependency`
Which installed package(s) require a given dependency^[8]?	`rpm -q --whatrequires dependency`	`dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '' \| grep ': .package'` `aptitude why package`^[9]	`equery depends package`	`pacman -Qi package \| grep Required`
Show what prevents installation of a package	`(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)`	`aptitude why-not package`	`emerge -pv package`
Get package source files	`yumdownloader --source package`	`apt-get source package`	`emerge -f package`	`abs repository/package`
Working with package files
Unpack a package file to local directory	`rpm2cpio file.rpm \| cpio -id`	`dpkg -x / --extract file.deb .`	N/A	`tar -xzf package` if package.pkg.tar.gz or `tar -xJf package` if package.pkg.tar.xz
Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...)	`rpm -K file.rpm` (yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded)	`debsums package`	`emerge -f package`
Show package metadata	`rpm -qip file.rpm`	`dpkg -I / --info file.deb`	N/A	??
Show package file list	`rpm -qlvp file.rpm`	`dpkg -c / --contents file.deb`	N/A	??
Repository queries
Find a package in a repository which `/some/file` belongs to	`yum provides /some/file`	First run: `apt-file update` and then: `apt-file search /some/file`	N/A
Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it	`yum search \substr\`	`apt-cache search \substr\`	`eix -S substr`	`pacman -Ss substr`
Shows the full description of package	`yum info package`	`apt-cache show package`	`eix package`	`pacman -Si package`

Relevant directories and files[edit]

Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS[edit]

yum config: /etc/yum.conf.
yum repos: /etc/yum.repos.d/.
rpm configs and macros: /etc/rpm/, /usr/lib/rpm/,
rpm DB: /var/lib/rpm/

Debian/Ubuntu[edit]

List of repositories and mirror sites: /etc/apt/sources.list, /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.

Gentoo[edit]

emerge configs: /etc/make.conf, /etc/portage/.
Portage tree: /usr/portage.
Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): /usr/portage/packages.
Default directory to download sources to: /usr/portage/distfiles.
Default Portage working directory: /var/lib/portage/.

Notes[edit]

↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all its dependencies
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.
↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like perl(IO::Zlib) for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
↑ Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ! RPM<br/><small>RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ...</small>
 ! DEB<br/><small>Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ...</small>
-! Slackpkg<br/><small>Slackware, SLAX, ...</small>
 ! Ebuild<br/><small>Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...)</small>
 ! Pacman<br/><small>Arch Linux</small>
@@ Line 15: / Line 14: @@
 || <code>rpm -qa</code>
 || <code>dpkg -l</code>
-||
 || <code>equery list '*'</code>
-|| <code>pacman -Qi</code>
+|| <code>pacman -Q</code>
 |-
 ! List of installed packages matching ''substr''
 || <code>rpm -qa ''\*substr\*''</code>
 || <code>dpkg -l ''\*substr\*''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery list ''substr''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Q | grep ''substr''</code>
@@ Line 28: / Line 25: @@
 ! Basic information about an installed ''package''
 || <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code>
-|| <code>dpkg -p ''package''</code>
+|| <code>dpkg -s ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>eix ''package''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Qi ''package''</code>
@@ Line 36: / Line 32: @@
 || <code>rpm -ql ''package''</code>
 || <code>dpkg -L ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery files ''package''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Ql ''package''</code>
@@ Line 45: / Line 40: @@
 || <code>rpm -qf ''file''</code>
 || <code>dpkg -S ''file''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery belongs ''file''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Qo ''file''</code>
@@ Line 52: / Line 46: @@
 || <code>rpm -V ''package''</code>
 || <code>debsums -ca ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery check ''package''</code>
 ||
@@ Line 59: / Line 52: @@
 || <code>rpm -q --scripts ''package''</code>
 || <code>less /var/lib/dpkg/info/''package''.{pre,post,config}*</code>
-||
 || <code>cat `equery which ''package''`</code>
 ||
@@ Line 65: / Line 57: @@
 ! Show change log for a ''package''
 || <code>rpm -q --changelog ''package''</code>
-|| <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog package</code>
+|| <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/''package''/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>view /usr/portage/''category''/''package''/ChangeLog</code>
-|| <code>pacman -Qc ''package''
+|| <code>pacman -Qc ''package''</code>
 |-
 ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Local package installation/upgrade/removal'''</big>
@@ Line 74: / Line 65: @@
 ! Install a package from local ''package_file''
 || <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code>
-|| <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all it's dependencies</ref></code>
+|| <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all its dependencies</ref></code>
-||
 || <code>emerge --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.</ref></code><br/><code>emerge --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.</ref></code>
 || <code>pacman -U ''package''</code>
@@ Line 82: / Line 72: @@
 || <code>rpm -Uhv ''package_file*.rpm''</code>
 || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt"/></code>
-||
 || <code>emerge --update --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg"/></code><br/>
 <code>emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly"/></code>
@@ Line 92: / Line 81: @@
 || <code>dpkg -r ''package''</code><br/>
 <code>dpkg -P ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge --unmerge ''package''</code><br/>
 <code>emerge --prune ''package''</code>
@@ Line 104: / Line 92: @@
 || <code>apt-get update && apt-get install ''package''</code><br/>
 <code>aptitude update && aptitude install ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge -av ''package''</code>
 || <code>pacman -S ''package''</code>
@@ Line 110: / Line 97: @@
 ! Install a debug information files for a ''package''
 || <code>debuginfo-install ''package''</code>
-||
 ||
 || <code>FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av ''package''</code>
@@ Line 118: / Line 104: @@
 || First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: <br/><code>yum install yum-downloadonly</code><br/> And then: <br/> <code>yum install|update ''package'' -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt</code>
 || <code>apt-get install --download-only --reinstall ''package''</code><ref name="dpkgdir">Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.</ref><br/><code>aptitude download ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge -avf ''package''</code><ref name="distfiles">Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.</ref>
 || <code>pacman -Sw ''package''</code>
@@ Line 127: / Line 112: @@
 || <code>rpm -q --provides ''package''</code>
 || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery files ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code>
 || <code>pacman -Ql ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code>
@@ Line 134: / Line 118: @@
 || <code>rpm -q --requires ''package''</code>
 || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>equery depgraph --depth=1 ''package''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>
@@ Line 140: / Line 123: @@
 ! Which installed package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>?
 || <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code>
-|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'</code>
+|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''dependency''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code>
-||
 || <code>equery belongs ''dependency''</code>
 ||
@@ Line 147: / Line 129: @@
 ! Which installed package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>?
 || <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code>
-|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'</code><br><code>aptitude why package</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref>
+|| <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''package''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code><br><code>aptitude why ''package''</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref>
-||
 || <code>equery depends ''package''</code>
+|| <code>pacman -Qi ''package'' | grep Required</code>
 ||
 |-
 ! Show what prevents installation of a package
 || <code>(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)</code>
-|| <code>aptitude why-not package</code>
+|| <code>aptitude why-not ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge -pv ''package''</code>
 ||
@@ Line 162: / Line 143: @@
 || <code>yumdownloader --source ''package''</code>
 || <code>apt-get source ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
 || <code>abs ''repository''/''package''</code>
@@ Line 170: / Line 150: @@
 ! Unpack a package ''file'' to local directory
 || <code>rpm2cpio ''file.rpm'' | cpio -id</code>
-|| <code>dpkg -x ''file.deb'' .</code>
+|| <code>dpkg -x / --extract ''file.deb'' .</code>
-||
 || N/A
 || <code>tar -xzf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.gz or<br/><code>tar -xJf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.xz
@@ Line 178: / Line 157: @@
 || <code>rpm -K ''file.rpm''</code><br/>(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded)
 || <code>debsums ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
 ||
+|-
+! Show package metadata
+|| <code>rpm -qip ''file.rpm''</code>
+|| <code>dpkg -I / --info ''file.deb''</code>
+|| N/A
+|| ??
+|-
+! Show package file list
+|| <code>rpm -qlvp ''file.rpm''</code>
+|| <code>dpkg -c / --contents ''file.deb''</code>
+|| N/A
+|| ??
 |-
 ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Repository queries'''</big>
@@ Line 187: / Line 177: @@
 || <code>yum provides ''/some/file''</code>
 || First run: <br/><code>apt-file update</code><br/>and then:<br/><code>apt-file search ''/some/file''</code>
-||
 || N/A
 ||
 |-
-! Find a package based on some string or part of the string descriping it
+! Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it
 || <code>yum search ''\*substr\*''</code>
 || <code>apt-cache search ''\*substr\*''</code>
-||
 || <code>eix -S ''substr''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Ss ''substr''</code>
@@ Line 201: / Line 189: @@
 || <code>yum info ''package''</code>
 || <code>apt-cache show ''package''</code>
-||
 || <code>eix ''package''</code>
 || <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>

Difference between revisions of "Package managers"

Latest revision as of 21:18, 16 January 2023

Contents

Commands[edit]

Relevant directories and files[edit]

Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS[edit]

Debian/Ubuntu[edit]

Gentoo[edit]

Notes[edit]

See also[edit]

Debian[edit]

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