Difference between revisions of "Package managers"
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|| <code>dpkg -l</code> | || <code>dpkg -l</code> | ||
|| <code>equery list '*'</code> | || <code>equery list '*'</code> | ||
| − | || <code>pacman - | + | || <code>pacman -Q</code> |
|- | |- | ||
! List of installed packages matching ''substr'' | ! List of installed packages matching ''substr'' | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
! Basic information about an installed ''package'' | ! Basic information about an installed ''package'' | ||
|| <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code> | || <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code> | ||
| − | || <code>dpkg - | + | || <code>dpkg -s ''package''</code> |
|| <code>eix ''package''</code> | || <code>eix ''package''</code> | ||
|| <code>pacman -Qi ''package''</code> | || <code>pacman -Qi ''package''</code> | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
! Show change log for a ''package'' | ! Show change log for a ''package'' | ||
|| <code>rpm -q --changelog ''package''</code> | || <code>rpm -q --changelog ''package''</code> | ||
| − | || <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog package</code> | + | || <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/''package''/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog ''package''</code> |
|| <code>view /usr/portage/''category''/''package''/ChangeLog</code> | || <code>view /usr/portage/''category''/''package''/ChangeLog</code> | ||
| − | || <code>pacman -Qc ''package'' | + | || <code>pacman -Qc ''package''</code> |
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Local package installation/upgrade/removal'''</big> | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Local package installation/upgrade/removal'''</big> | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
! Install a package from local ''package_file'' | ! Install a package from local ''package_file'' | ||
|| <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code> | || <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code> | ||
| − | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all | + | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all its dependencies</ref></code> |
|| <code>emerge --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.</ref></code><br/><code>emerge --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.</ref></code> | || <code>emerge --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.</ref></code><br/><code>emerge --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.</ref></code> | ||
|| <code>pacman -U ''package''</code> | || <code>pacman -U ''package''</code> | ||
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! Which installed package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>? | ! Which installed package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>? | ||
|| <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code> | || <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code> | ||
| − | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .* | + | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''dependency''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code> |
|| <code>equery belongs ''dependency''</code> | || <code>equery belongs ''dependency''</code> | ||
|| | || | ||
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! Which installed package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>? | ! Which installed package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>? | ||
|| <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code> | || <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code> | ||
| − | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'</code><br><code>aptitude why package</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref> | + | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''package''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code><br><code>aptitude why ''package''</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref> |
|| <code>equery depends ''package''</code> | || <code>equery depends ''package''</code> | ||
| − | || <code>pacman -Qi package | grep Required</code> | + | || <code>pacman -Qi ''package'' | grep Required</code> |
|| | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Show what prevents installation of a package | ! Show what prevents installation of a package | ||
|| <code>(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)</code> | || <code>(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)</code> | ||
| − | || <code>aptitude why-not package</code> | + | || <code>aptitude why-not ''package''</code> |
|| <code>emerge -pv ''package''</code> | || <code>emerge -pv ''package''</code> | ||
|| | || | ||
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! Unpack a package ''file'' to local directory | ! Unpack a package ''file'' to local directory | ||
|| <code>rpm2cpio ''file.rpm'' | cpio -id</code> | || <code>rpm2cpio ''file.rpm'' | cpio -id</code> | ||
| − | || <code>dpkg -x ''file.deb'' .</code> | + | || <code>dpkg -x / --extract ''file.deb'' .</code> |
|| N/A | || N/A | ||
|| <code>tar -xzf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.gz or<br/><code>tar -xJf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.xz | || <code>tar -xzf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.gz or<br/><code>tar -xJf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.xz | ||
| Line 159: | Line 159: | ||
|| <code>emerge -f ''package''</code> | || <code>emerge -f ''package''</code> | ||
|| | || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Show package metadata | ||
| + | || <code>rpm -qip ''file.rpm''</code> | ||
| + | || <code>dpkg -I / --info ''file.deb''</code> | ||
| + | || N/A | ||
| + | || ?? | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Show package file list | ||
| + | || <code>rpm -qlvp ''file.rpm''</code> | ||
| + | || <code>dpkg -c / --contents ''file.deb''</code> | ||
| + | || N/A | ||
| + | || ?? | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Repository queries'''</big> | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Repository queries'''</big> | ||
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|| | || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Find a package based on some string or part of the string | + | ! Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it |
|| <code>yum search ''\*substr\*''</code> | || <code>yum search ''\*substr\*''</code> | ||
|| <code>apt-cache search ''\*substr\*''</code> | || <code>apt-cache search ''\*substr\*''</code> | ||
Latest revision as of 21:18, 16 January 2023
With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
Contents
Commands[edit]
| Action | RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ... |
DEB Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ... |
Ebuild Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...) |
Pacman Arch Linux | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic queries | |||||
| List of all installed packages | rpm -qa
|
dpkg -l
|
equery list '*'
|
pacman -Q
| |
| List of installed packages matching substr | rpm -qa \*substr\*
|
dpkg -l \*substr\*
|
equery list substr
|
pacman -Q | grep substr
| |
| Basic information about an installed package | rpm -qi package
|
dpkg -s package
|
eix package
|
pacman -Qi package
| |
| List of files in a given package | rpm -ql package
|
dpkg -L package
|
equery files package
|
pacman -Ql package
| |
| Advanced queries | |||||
| Which package a file belongs to? | rpm -qf file
|
dpkg -S file
|
equery belongs file
|
pacman -Qo file
| |
| Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package | rpm -V package
|
debsums -ca package
|
equery check package
|
||
| Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package | rpm -q --scripts package
|
less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*
|
cat `equery which package`
|
||
| Show change log for a package | rpm -q --changelog package
|
zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gzaptitude [-t release] changelog package
|
view /usr/portage/category/package/ChangeLog
|
pacman -Qc package
| |
| Local package installation/upgrade/removal | |||||
| Install a package from local package_file | rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
emerge --usepkg|-k package[3]emerge --usepkgonly|-K package[4]
|
pacman -U package
| |
| Upgrade a package from local package_file | rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
emerge --update --usepkg|-k package[3]
|
pacman -U package
| |
| Remove an installed package | rpm -e package
|
dpkg -r package
|
emerge --unmerge package
|
pacman -R package
| |
| Package installation from repositories | |||||
| Install a package | yum install package
|
apt-get update && apt-get install package
|
emerge -av package
|
pacman -S package
| |
| Install a debug information files for a package | debuginfo-install package
|
FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av package
|
|||
| Only download a package from repository, do not install | First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: yum install yum-downloadonlyAnd then: yum install|update package -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt
|
apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[6]aptitude download package
|
emerge -avf package[7]
|
pacman -Sw package
| |
| Get information about package interdependencies | |||||
| What a given package provides? | rpm -q --provides package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package
|
equery files package (package must be installed first)
|
pacman -Ql package (package must be installed first)
| |
| What a given package requires? | rpm -q --requires package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package
|
equery depgraph --depth=1 package
|
pacman -Si package
| |
| Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[8]? | rpm -q --whatprovides dependency
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*dependency'
|
equery belongs dependency
|
||
| Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[8]? | rpm -q --whatrequires dependency
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'aptitude why package[9]
|
equery depends package
|
pacman -Qi package | grep Required
|
|
| Show what prevents installation of a package | (yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)
|
aptitude why-not package
|
emerge -pv package
|
||
| Get package source files | yumdownloader --source package
|
apt-get source package
|
emerge -f package
|
abs repository/package
| |
| Working with package files | |||||
| Unpack a package file to local directory | rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id
|
dpkg -x / --extract file.deb .
|
N/A | tar -xzf package if package.pkg.tar.gz ortar -xJf package if package.pkg.tar.xz
| |
| Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) | rpm -K file.rpm(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded) |
debsums package
|
emerge -f package
|
||
| Show package metadata | rpm -qip file.rpm
|
dpkg -I / --info file.deb
|
N/A | ?? | |
| Show package file list | rpm -qlvp file.rpm
|
dpkg -c / --contents file.deb
|
N/A | ?? | |
| Repository queries | |||||
Find a package in a repository which /some/file belongs to
|
yum provides /some/file
|
First run: apt-file updateand then: apt-file search /some/file
|
N/A | ||
| Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it | yum search \*substr\*
|
apt-cache search \*substr\*
|
eix -S substr
|
pacman -Ss substr
| |
| Shows the full description of package | yum info package
|
apt-cache show package
|
eix package
|
pacman -Si package
| |
Relevant directories and files[edit]
Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS[edit]
- yum config:
/etc/yum.conf. - yum repos:
/etc/yum.repos.d/. - rpm configs and macros:
/etc/rpm/,/usr/lib/rpm/, - rpm DB:
/var/lib/rpm/
Debian/Ubuntu[edit]
- List of repositories and mirror sites:
/etc/apt/sources.list,/etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
Gentoo[edit]
- emerge configs:
/etc/make.conf,/etc/portage/. - Portage tree:
/usr/portage. - Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf):
/usr/portage/packages. - Default directory to download sources to:
/usr/portage/distfiles. - Default Portage working directory:
/var/lib/portage/.
Notes[edit]
- ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all its dependencies
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.
- ↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
- ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
- ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like
perl(IO::Zlib)for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name. - ↑ Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package
