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integrating OpenVZ in one of its special releases. The article starts from
conceptual actions required to create OpenVZ LiveCD and then step-by-step
describes technical aspects. I want to note, that technical aspects depend a biton certain version of kernel, aufs and cloop you're using. For example some smallchanges in code (functions argument type change and alike) are necessary. I usedaufs-20061113 and cloop-2.05-1 because these versions were used on in KNOPPIX 5.1.1.2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027 OpenVZ kernel was used.
== Concepts ==
# Download KNOPPIX iso and get access to its content
# Extract KNOPPIX compressed image
# Create Somehow obtain OpenVZ Debian package packages: kernel, vzctl, vzquota and some other kernel-related packagestemplate# Uninstall old previous Linux kernel and related packages from extracted tree and# install Install OpenVZ kernel Debian packages there# Uninstall some packages from extracted tree in order to free some space for# the next step# Install vzctl/vzquota/templates in the tree
# Compress the tree
# Build aufs and cloop kernel modules against OpenVZ kernel# Copy required kernel these modules in appropriate places on the disc# Modify initrd image of KNOPPIX
# Create new ISO image
wget ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/Linux/knoppix/KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso
</pre>
Let's copy contents of this iso to to the hard drive:
<pre>
mkdir mnt
cp -a mnt/* cd-contents/
umount mnt
rm -f r mnt
</pre>
When you're booted in KNOPPIX LiveCD you can observe a lot of files and use
<pre>
ls -lh cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
-rw-r--r-- 1 vass vass 691M Jan 4 03:50 cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
</pre>
As you can see its size is 691M, but after uncompressing it'll be
approximately 2Gb. In order to uncompress this file we need special tools:
cd ..
</pre>
After we have extract_compressed_fs tool in hand, let's extract KNOPPIX image:
<pre>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vass vass 2.0G Apr 12 17:38 KNOPPIX.img
</pre>
KNOPPIX.img file can be mounted using usual '-o loop' option. Next our step is to create a copy of KNOPPIX file system tree on the hard drivedisk.Note, that we can't use 'cp' tool here, because of hardlinks and special files. We need to should use rsynс:
<pre>
mkdir mnt
rm -r mnt
</pre>
Now we should set up OpenVZ environment in obtained tree: kernel, vzctl, vzquota, template. For vzctl and vzquota we can use precompiled packages from http://debian.systs.org. But at the moment we have to create kernel Debian package by self, because at the moment we need additional patches in order all to work smoothly (but this it will be unnecessary soon, when patches will be included in main OpenVZ patch). This is important to use KNOPPIX default kernel config! The creators of LiveCD take a lot of care about customizing config file in such manner, that CD will suite as many users as possible. We shouldn't throw away such great job. We do `make oldconfig` and press enter all the time. Additionally some config options should be turn off at the moment. (http://bugzilla.openvz.org/show_bug.cgi?id=433): CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION, CONFIG_SJCD, CONFIG_OPTCD, CONFIG_AZTCD, CONFIG_BLK_DEV_XD, CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS, CONFIG_SND_WAVEFRONT.I created a Debian VE on my machine and install there kernel-package package, that allows to create Debian kernel packages easily. After that the creation of package is something like that:
<pre>
mkdir ovz-kernel
patch -p1 -d linux-2.6.18 < diff-ubc-mm-null-pointer-for-kthread-20070406
mv linux-2.6.18 linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027
vim linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028test027/Makefile # here we add right releaseextraversion: -8.el5-028test027cp kernellinux-2.6.19 linux-2.6.18-i686/.config.ovz cd linux-2.6.18/-8.el5-028test027make oldconfig # pressing enter herevim .config # switching off some config options
make-kpkg --revision=.1 kernel_image
cd ..
cd ..
</pre>
If everything went smoothly, in the top directory we'll be able to see linux-image file:
<pre>
-rw-r--r-- 1 vass vass 13364308 Apr 16 11:06 linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
</pre>
Don't delete sources and compilation of this kernel. A bit later we'll need to build aufs and cloop kernel modules against this kernel.Now I download vzctl and vzquota Debian packages from http://debian.systs.org and on a template:
<pre>
wget http://debian.systs.org/debian/pool/openvz/v/vzctl/vzctl_3.0.16-1dso2~sarge0_i386.deb
wget http://download.openvz.org/template/precreated/debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz
</pre>
<pre>
cp linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb KNOPPIX-content/root
cd /root
</pre>
In chrooted environment we need to remove all kernel related packages. In KNOPPIX 5.1.1 2.6.19 vanilla kernel is used, so we can easilyidentifyidentify all kernel-related packages and eliminate them using this knowledge:
<pre>
dpkg-query --list | grep 2.6.19
apt-get remove rt2x00-cvs-modules-2.6.19
apt-get remove loop-aes-modules-2.6.19
apt-get remove linuxtlinux-image-2.6.19
</pre>
<pre>
apt-get install linux-image-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027_.1_i386.deb
mv debian-3.1-i386-minimal.tar.gz /var/lib/vz/template/cache/
</pre>
<pre>
umount /proc
exit
</pre>
That's greategreat, now we have all the tree ready, let's compress it in the new image using create_compressed_fs tooland copy to the right place:
<pre>
mkisofs -R -iso-level 4 -force-rr -J ./KNOPPIX-content-modif/ > KNOPPIX-modif.img
./cloop-2.05/create_compressed_fs KNOPPIX-modif.img 65536 > KNOPPIX-modif
cp KNOPPIX-modif cd-contents/KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX
</pre>
The next our step is to compile aufs and cloop kernel modules against OpenVZ kernel.
Let's start from cloop module. A definition in source must be commented,
because we're using RHEL-based kernel. The patch below shows what to do:
<pre>
--- cloop-2.05/compressed_loop.c.rh 2006-10-13 23:39:41.000000000 +0400
+++ cloop-2.05/compressed_loop.c 2007-04-12 17:21:24.000000000 +0400
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
#endif
/* Define this if you are using Greenshoe Linux */
-/* #define REDHAT_KERNEL */
+ #define REDHAT_KERNEL
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
</pre>
Getting the sources, building:
<pre>
wget http://debian-knoppix.alioth.debian.org/sources/cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
tar xzf cloop_2.05-1.tar.gz
cd cloop-2.05/
vim compressed_loop.c # uncommenting define here
make KERNEL_DIR=../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ module
</pre>
After that you should have cloop.ko file in current directory. Later we will copy it to appropriate place.
What about aufs? Get the sources from cvs. I used 20061113 version, because this version is used in KNOPPIX 5.1.1.
The following changes are required in aufs, because we're using rhel5-based kernel:
<pre>
--- aufs/fs/aufs/cpup.c.orig 2006-10-23 12:58:33.000000000 +0000
+++ aufs/fs/aufs/cpup.c 2007-04-16 14:46:51.000000000 +0000
@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ void cpup_attr_all(struct inode *inode)
inode->i_rdev = hidden_inode->i_rdev;
}
inode->i_blkbits = hidden_inode->i_blkbits;
-#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE < KERNEL_VERSION(2,6,19)
- inode->i_blksize = hidden_inode->i_blksize;
-#endif
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
--- aufs/fs/aufs/dir.c.orig 2006-10-23 12:59:29.000000000 +0000
+++ aufs/fs/aufs/dir.c 2007-04-16 14:58:34.000000000 +0000
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ struct test_empty_arg {
};
static int test_empty_cb(void *__arg, const char *__name, int namelen,
- loff_t offset, filldir_ino_t ino, unsigned int d_type)
+ loff_t offset, u64 ino, unsigned int d_type)
{
struct test_empty_arg *arg = __arg;
char *name = (void*)__name;
--- aufs/fs/aufs/vdir.c.orig 2006-10-23 13:02:20.000000000 +0000
+++ aufs/fs/aufs/vdir.c 2007-04-16 15:01:44.000000000 +0000
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ struct fillvdir_arg {
};
static int fillvdir(void *__arg, const char *__name, int namelen, loff_t offset,
- filldir_ino_t hidden_ino, unsigned int d_type)
+ u64 hidden_ino, unsigned int d_type)
{
struct fillvdir_arg *arg = __arg;
ino_t ino;
</pre>
Building aufs:
<pre>
cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs login
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@aufs.cvs.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/aufs co -D20061113 aufs
cd aufs
vim fs/aufs/cpup.c #
vim fs/aufs/dir.c # Introducing required changes
vim fs/aufs/vdir.c #
make KDIR=../../linux-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027/ -f local.mk
</pre>
Now you have aufs.ko file in current directory. Next we need to add these modules to the disc:
<pre>
cp aufs.ko cloop.ko cd-contents/KNOPPIX/modules/
</pre>
When booting KNOOPIX uses initrd image,
where it stores some kernel modules required to get access to the CD-drive.
We need to remove old modules and add new one to initrd image. Extracting and
mounting initrd:
<pre>
mkdir initrd
cd initrd
cp cd-contents/boot/isolinux/minirt.gz ./
gunzip minirt.gz
mkdir mnt
mount -o loop minirt mnt
</pre>
The modules directory on initrd contents kernel modules. Now we should replace these modules by
equivalents from OpenVZ kernel. Note, that some modules can missing, because we use other kernel.
Just remove modules, that are missing. After this operation is done copy new minirt.gz to the appropriate place:
<pre>
umount mnt
gzip minirt
cp minirt.gz ../cd-contents/boot/isolinux/
cd ..
</pre>
The last major step is to copy vmlinuz to isolinux directory:
<pre>
cp vmlinuz-2.6.18-8.el5-028stab027 cd-contents/boot/isolinux/linux
</pre>
Actually, now we're ready to create iso image with KNOPPIX OpenVZ LiveCD.
But I describe a bit cosmetic changes now. First, we want to add OpenVZ logo and slogan
to the startup screen of KNOPPIX. This picture is stored in boot/isolinux/logo.16 file in lss16 format.
To convert this image to gif format we should install syslinux and netpbm-progs packages.
After that the following actions should be done:
<pre>
mkdir boot-picture
cp cd-contents/boot/isolinux/logo.16 boot-picture/
cd boot-picture
lss16toppm < logo.16 > logo.ppm
ppmtogif < logo.ppm > logo.gif
</pre>
Then I edit OpenVZ logo using gimp and save the image in bmp format.
Converting and copying logo to the appropriate place:
<pre>
bmptoppm < logo.bmp > logo.ppm
ppmtolss16 < logo.ppm > logo.16
cd ..
cp boot-picture/logo.16 cd-contents/boot/isolinux/logo.16
</pre>
Knoppix uses KDE as Window Manager and after KDE is loaded you can see the web page
with information about using KNOPPIX. Of course, we want you to see the information
about basics of using OpenVZ. So we write a page: [[Basic operations in OpenVZ]] and saved it
in cd-contents/KNOPPIX/ directory. Then we just edited etc/X11/Xsession.d/45xsession file so,
that Basic_operations_in_OpenVZ.html.html file is opened on KDE start.
Great, let's write it all on CD:
<pre>
chmod -R u+w cd-contents
rm cd-contents/boot/isolinux/boot.cat
mkisofs -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -o KNOPPIX_V5.1.1-OPENVZ-CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso -no-emul-boot \
-l -J -r -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table KNOPPIX_V5.1.1CD-2007-01-04-EN.iso-content
</pre>
== Result ==
[todo]
== Links ==
# http://www.knoppix.net/wiki/Knoppix_Remastering_Howto
# http://debian.systs.org/
[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Live CD]]