Difference between revisions of "Package managers"
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With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions. | With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions. | ||
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Revision as of 11:46, 24 April 2008
With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
Contents
Commands
Action | RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandrake, SUSE, ... |
DEB Debian, Ubuntu |
Ebuild Gentoo, Sabayon |
---|---|---|---|
Basic queries | |||
List of all installed packages | rpm -qa
|
dpkg -l
|
equery list
|
List of installing packages matching substr | rpm -qa \*substr\*
|
dpkg -l \*substr\*
|
equery list substr
|
Basic information about an installed package | rpm -qi package
|
dpkg -p package
|
-???-
|
List of files in a given package | rpm -ql package
|
dpkg -L package
|
equery files package
|
Advanced queries | |||
Which package a file belongs to? | rpm -qf file
|
dpkg -S file
|
equery belongs file
|
Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package | rpm -V package
|
debsums -ca package
|
equery check package
|
Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package | rpm -q --scripts package
|
less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*
|
-???-
|
Show change log for a package | rpm -q --changelog package
|
zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz
|
-???-
|
Local package installation/upgrade/removal | |||
Install a package from local package_file | rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
-???-
|
Upgrade a package from local package_file | rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
-???-
|
Remove an installed package | rpm -e package
|
dpkg -r package
|
emerge --unmerge package
|
Package installation from repositories | |||
Install a package | yum install package
|
apt-get install package
|
emerge -av package
|
Only download a package from repository, do not install | -???-
|
apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package [3]
|
emerge -avf package [4]
|
Get information about package interdependencies | |||
What a given package provides? | rpm -q --provides package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package
|
-???-
|
What a given package requires? | rpm -q --requires package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package
|
-???-
|
Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[5]? | rpm -q --whatprovides dependency
|
-???-
|
-???-
|
Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[5]? | rpm -q --whatrequires dependency
|
-???-
|
-???-
|
Working with package files | |||
Unpack a package file to local directory | rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id
|
dpkg -x file.deb .
|
N/A |
Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) | rpm -K file.rpm
|
-???- | N/A |
Repository queries | |||
Find a package which /some/file belongs to
|
yum provides /some/file
|
apt-file search /some/file
|
N/A |
Relevant directories and files
Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS
- yum config:
/etc/yum.conf
. - yum repos:
/etc/yum.repos.d/
. - rpm configs and macros:
/etc/rpm/
,/usr/lib/rpm/
, - rpm DB:
/var/lib/rpm/
Debian/Ubuntu
- List of repositories and mirror sites:
/etc/apt/sources.list
,/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
.
Gentoo
- emerge configs:
/etc/make.conf
,/etc/portage/
. - Portage tree:
/usr/portage
.
Notes
- ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all it's dependencies
- ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
- ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like
perl(IO::Zlib)
for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.