Debian template creation

These are rough instructions of how to manually create basic Debian Etch (4.0) template cache, which can be used to create OpenVZ VEs based on Debian Etch (4.0). (see also /usr/share/doc/vzctl/README.Debian in the vzctl Debian package)

Notes:

• You shouldn't be running as root, but as a user that is permitted to use sudo instead. It's a dangerous idea, run as root at your peril.
• Anywhere you see /vz, you might really need to use /var/lib/vz instead, especially on a Debian Etch host.
• Anywhere you see http://http.us.debian.org/debian/, you can substitute your favorite Debian mirror. (List of official Debian Mirrors)

Prerequisites

Warning: if you want to use ext4 file system for /vz, use nodelalloc option in /etc/fstab, otherwise it will crash. See OpenVZ Bug #1509 and its duplicates for details.

You need to have a working copy of debootstrap running on your hardware node.

For Debian:

sudo apt-get install debootstrap

For Gentoo:

sudo emerge debootstrap

For Fedora (at least Fedora 8 have it, not sure about earlier versions):

sudo yum install debootstrap

For other distros you might need to install it from sources, or search for an appropriate package for your distribution. An RPM is available on the OpenVZ Forum.

Bootstrapping Debian

You can install different releases of Debian into a VE's private directory using the debootstrap command.

The command parameters are:

 debootstrap --arch ARCH NAME DIRECTORY URL

Specify your architecture instead of i386 if you're using something other than i386/x86. For example, for AMD64/x86_64, use amd64 or for ia64, use ia64. You can use http or ftp in the URL.

We use VE ID of 777 for this example, but it can be any unused ID.

Squeeze (current Debian stable)

debootstrap --arch i386 squeeze /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 squeeze /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

Lenny (Debian oldstable)

debootstrap --arch i386 lenny /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/
or
debootstrap --arch amd64 lenny /vz/private/777 ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/

Etch (old release)

debootstrap --arch i386 etch /vz/private/777 http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

Sarge (very old release)

debootstrap sarge /vz/private/777 http://archive.debian.org/debian

Preparing the HN network

Append the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, adjust to taste and then execute "sysctl -p" for them to take effect.

### OpenVZ settings

# On Hardware Node we generally need packet
# forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

Preparing and starting the VE

Setting VE config

First, we need a config for the VE:

sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig vps.basic --save

On debian squeeze only the following worked for me (confirmed), because the standard template names in /etc/vz/conf have changed.

sudo vzctl set 777 --applyconfig basic --save

Setting VE OSTEMPLATE

Also, we need OSTEMPLATE to be set in VE configuration file, for vzctl to work properly.

sudo sh -c 'echo OSTEMPLATE=\"debian-5.0\"' >> /etc/vz/conf/777.conf

Setting VE IP address

For the VE to be able to download updates from the Internet, we need a valid IP address for it:

sudo vzctl set 777 --ipadd x.x.x.x --save

Note: if you use private IP for the VE, you might have to set up NAT as described in Using NAT for VE with private IPs.

Setting DNS server for VE

For the VE to be able to download updates from the Internet, we also need to specify a DNS for it:

sudo vzctl set 777 --nameserver x.x.x.x --save

Creating /dev/ptmx

The ptmx character device should normally exist, but if it doesn't, create one.

sudo mknod --mode 666 /var/lib/vz/private/777/dev/ptmx c 5 2

Starting VE

Now start the VE:

sudo vzctl start 777

Thanky Thanky for all this good ifomnration!

Preparing for and packing template cache

We don't need an IP for the VE anymore, and we definitely do not need it in template cache, so remove it:

sudo vzctl set 777 --ipdel all --save

Also, remove DNS server and search domain information from /etc/resolv.conf file in VE:

sudo nano /vz/private/777/etc/resolv.conf

Also, remove /etc/hostname file in VE:

sudo rm -f /vz/private/777/etc/hostname

Stop the VE:

sudo vzctl stop 777

Go to the VE directory:

cd /vz/private/777

Now create a cached OS tarball. In the command below, you'll want to replace i386 with your architecture (i386, amd64, ia64, etc).

sudo tar --numeric-owner -zcf /vz/template/cache/debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz .

Look at the resulting tarball to see its size is sane:

# ls -lh /vz/template/cache
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  51M Apr 10 03:16 debian-5.0-i386-minimal.tar.gz

Checking if template cache works

We can now create a VE based on the just-created template cache. Be sure to change i386 to your architecture just like you did when you named the tarball above.

sudo vzctl create 123456 --ostemplate debian-5.0-i386-minimal

Now make sure that it works:

sudo vzctl start 123456
sudo vzctl exec 123456 ps ax

You should see that a few processes are running.

Final cleanup

Stop and remove the test VE you just created:

sudo vzctl stop 123456
sudo vzctl destroy 123456
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/123456.conf.destroyed

Finally, let's remove the VE we used for OS template cache creation:

sudo vzctl destroy 777
sudo rm /etc/vz/conf/777.conf.destroyed

You might want to edit /etc/vz/vz.conf and change DEF_OSTEMPLATE to the name of the template you use most often so that you don't have to specify the template when creating a VE.

DEF_OSTEMPLATE="debian-5.0-i386-minimal"

If you use iptables, you might want to include additional modules in the list for IPTABLES in /etc/vz/vz.conf. See man vzctl for a list of available modules.