Package managers

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Revision as of 19:00, 15 April 2010 by 130.233.243.229 (talk) (→‎Commands)
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With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.

Commands

Action RPM
RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ... 		DEB
Debian, Ubuntu 		Ebuild
Gentoo, Sabayon
Basic queries
List of all installed packages rpm -qa dpkg -l equery list
List of installed packages matching substr rpm -qa \*substr\* dpkg -l \*substr\* equery list substr
Basic information about an installed package rpm -qi package dpkg -p package eix package
List of files in a given package rpm -ql package dpkg -L package equery files package
Advanced queries
Which package a file belongs to? rpm -qf file dpkg -S file equery belongs file
Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package rpm -V package debsums -ca package equery check package
Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package rpm -q --scripts package less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}* cat `equery which package`
Show change log for a package rpm -q --changelog package zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz
aptitude [-t release] changelog package 		-???-
Local package installation/upgrade/removal
Install a package from local package_file rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
yum localinstall package_file*.rpm[1] 		dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2] emerge --usepkg|-k package[3]
emerge --usepkgonly|-K package[4]
Upgrade a package from local package_file rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2] emerge --update --usepkg|-k package[3]

emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K package[4]

Remove an installed package rpm -e package

yum remove|erase package[5]

dpkg -r package

dpkg -P package

emerge --unmerge package

emerge --prune package

Package installation from repositories
Install a package yum install package

urpmi package

apt-get update && apt-get install package

aptitude update && aptitude install package

emerge -av package
Only download a package from repository, do not install First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running:
yum install yum-downloadonly
And then:
yum install|update package -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt 		apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[6]
aptitude download package 		emerge -avf package[7]
Get information about package interdependencies
What a given package provides? rpm -q --provides package dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package equery files package (package must be installed first)
What a given package requires? rpm -q --requires package dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package equery depgraph --depth=1 package
Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[8]? rpm -q --whatprovides dependency dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package' Dependencies are name of ebuilds (or virtual ebuilds). Obsolete?
Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[8]? rpm -q --whatrequires dependency dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*package'
aptitude why package[9] 		equery depends package
Show what prevents installation of a package (yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v) aptitude why-not package emerge -pv package
Get package source files yumdownloader --source package apt-get source package emerge -f package
Working with package files
Unpack a package file to local directory rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id dpkg -x file.deb . N/A
Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) rpm -K file.rpm
(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded) 		debsums package emerge -f package
Repository queries
Find a package in a repository which /some/file belongs to yum provides /some/file First run:
apt-file update
and then:
apt-file search /some/file 		N/A
Find a package based on some string or part of the string descriping it yum search \*substr\* apt-cache search \*substr\* N/A

Relevant directories and files

Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS

  • yum config: /etc/yum.conf.
  • yum repos: /etc/yum.repos.d/.
  • rpm configs and macros: /etc/rpm/, /usr/lib/rpm/,
  • rpm DB: /var/lib/rpm/

Debian/Ubuntu

  • List of repositories and mirror sites: /etc/apt/sources.list, /etc/apt/sources.list.d/.

Gentoo

  • emerge configs: /etc/make.conf, /etc/portage/.
  • Portage tree: /usr/portage.
  • Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): /usr/portage/packages.
  • Default directory to download sources to: /usr/portage/distfiles.
  • Default Portage working directory: /var/lib/portage/.

Notes

  1. ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all it's dependencies
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.
  5. ↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
  6. ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
  7. ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like perl(IO::Zlib) for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
  9. ↑ Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package

See also

Debian

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