Package managers
With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions.
Contents
Commands
| Action | RPM RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandrake, SUSE, ... |
DEB Debian, Ubuntu |
Ebuild Gentoo, Sabayon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic queries | |||
| List of all installed packages | rpm -qa
|
dpkg -l
|
equery list
|
| List of installing packages matching substr | rpm -qa \*substr\*
|
dpkg -l \*substr\*
|
equery list substr
|
| Basic information about an installed package | rpm -qi package
|
dpkg -p package
|
-???-
|
| List of files in a given package | rpm -ql package
|
dpkg -L package
|
equery files package
|
| Advanced queries | |||
| Which package a file belongs to? | rpm -qf file
|
dpkg -S file
|
equery belongs file
|
| Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package | rpm -V package
|
debsums -ca package
|
equery check package
|
| Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a package | rpm -q --scripts package
|
less /var/lib/dpkg/info/package.{pre,post,config}*
|
-???-
|
| Show change log for a package | rpm -q --changelog package
|
zcat /usr/share/doc/package/changelog.Debian.gz
|
-???-
|
| Local package installation/upgrade/removal | |||
| Install a package from local package_file | rpm -ihv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
-???-
|
| Upgrade a package from local package_file | rpm -Uhv package_file*.rpm
|
dpkg -i package_file*.deb [2]
|
-???-
|
| Remove an installed package | rpm -e package
|
dpkg -r package
|
emerge --unmerge package
|
| Package installation from repositories | |||
| Install a package | yum install package
|
apt-get update && apt-get install package
|
emerge -av package
|
| Only download a package from repository, do not install | -???-
|
apt-get install --download-only --reinstall package[4]
|
emerge -avf package[5]
|
| Get information about package interdependencies | |||
| What a given package provides? | rpm -q --provides package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' package
|
-???-
|
| What a given package requires? | rpm -q --requires package
|
dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' package
|
-???-
|
| Which installed package(s) provide a given dependency[6]? | rpm -q --whatprovides dependency
|
-???-
|
-???-
|
| Which installed package(s) require a given dependency[6]? | rpm -q --whatrequires dependency
|
-???-
|
-???-
|
| Get package source files[6]? | -???-
|
apt-get source <package>
|
-???-
|
| Working with package files | |||
| Unpack a package file to local directory | rpm2cpio file.rpm | cpio -id
|
dpkg -x file.deb .
|
N/A |
| Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...) | rpm -K file.rpm
|
-???- | N/A |
| Repository queries | |||
Find a package which /some/file belongs to
|
yum provides /some/file
|
apt-file search /some/file
|
N/A |
Relevant directories and files
Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS
- yum config:
/etc/yum.conf. - yum repos:
/etc/yum.repos.d/. - rpm configs and macros:
/etc/rpm/,/usr/lib/rpm/, - rpm DB:
/var/lib/rpm/
Debian/Ubuntu
- List of repositories and mirror sites:
/etc/apt/sources.list,/etc/apt/sources.list.d/.
Gentoo
- emerge configs:
/etc/make.conf,/etc/portage/. - Portage tree:
/usr/portage.
Notes
- ↑ In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for package_file, yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search name to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install package to install package and all it's dependencies
- ↑ This will also remove any packages which depend on the package
- ↑ Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.
- ↑ Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 In rpm world, a dependency can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like
perl(IO::Zlib)for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.
