Editing Installation on Debian/old

OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and VE templates.

This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Stable. 

== Requirements ==

=== Filesystems ===
It is recommended to use a separate partition for VEs private directories (by default /var/lib/vz/private/<veid>). The reason why you should do so is that if you wish to use OpenVZ per-VE disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind, that per-VE quota in this context includes not only pure per-VE quota, but also usual Linux disk quota used in VE, not on [[HN]].

At least try to avoid using root partition for VEs, because the root user of VE will be able to overcome 5% disk space barrier in some situations. This way HN root partition can be completely filled and it will break the system.

OpenVZ per-VE disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems. So use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-VE disk quota.


=== Repository setup ===

At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org  :

* by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
: (OpenVZ Kernels only)
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian

* by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>
: apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs
: (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/)

{{Note|The next steps used the Repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs, the actually OpenVZ Tools for Debian are exist only in unstable, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}}

{{Note|per default on Ubuntu system, root task are done with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}

This can be achieved by the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user

<pre>
# [sudo] echo "deb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
# wget http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc
# [sudo] apt-key add dso_archiv_signing_key.asc
# [sudo] apt-get update
</pre>

== Kernel installation ==

{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ Kernel (the debian way)]].}}

First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
! kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architektur
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18
| uniprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-smp
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 4 GB of RAM
| i386 and amd64
|-
! ovzkernel-2.6.18-enterprise
| SMP + PAE support + 4/4GB split
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386 only
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''
! kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architektur
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686
| uni- and multiprocessor
| up to 4GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-686-bigmem
| symmetric multiprocessor
| up to 64 GB of RAM
| i386
|-
! fzakernel-2.6.18-amd64
| uni- and multiprocessor
| 
| amd64
|-
|}

<pre>
 # apt-get install <kernel>
</pre>


=== Configuring the bootloader ===

In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:

<pre>
[...]
  title           Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
  root            (hd0,1)
  kernel          /vmlinuz-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686 root=/dev/sda5 ro vga=791
  initrd          /initrd.img-2.6.18-ovz-028stab051.1-686
  savedefault
[...]
</pre>

{{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}}

=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===

{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}}

Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.


== Installing the user-level tools ==

OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:

; vzctl
:    A utility to control OpenVZ VPSs (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.)
; vzquota
:    A utility to manage quotas for VPSs. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).


<pre>
 # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
</pre>


== Configuring ==

=== sysctl ===

There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.

{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing sysctl options for openvz}}

<pre>
[...]

# On Hardware Node we generally need
# packet forwarding enabled and proxy arp disabled

net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# Enables source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

# Enables the magic-sysrq key
kernel.sysrq = 1

# TCP Explict Congestion Notification
#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0

# we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

[...]
</pre>

{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ
 (Debian vz root directory is installed FHS-like to /var/lib/vz}}

  # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz 


=== VE OS Templates ===

To install a VE, you need VE OS Template(s), precreated can be found [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here] or create it : [http://wiki.openvz.org/Debian_template_creation Debian] , [http://wiki.openvz.org/Ubuntu_Gutsy_template_creation ubuntu] and all infos about [http://wiki.openvz.org/Category:Templates Templates]

{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}

  # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian


== Additial user tools ==

; vzprocps
:    A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)
:
; [http://wiki.openvz.org/Backup_of_a_running_VE_with_vzdump vzdump]
:    A utility to backup and restore VE. 

  # [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump


== Use it! ==

After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a Minimal VE OS Template create a first VE and 
do some [[Basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] and read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf|doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]] and browse this wiki.


[[Category: HOWTO]]
[[Category: Installation]]
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Warning|The majority of the content on this page only applies to older, unsupported Debian versions and is archived on this page for historical reasons only. '''The page you need is [[Installation on Debian]].'''}}
+OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and VE templates.
-OpenVZ consists of a kernel, user-level tools, and container templates.
+This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Stable.
-This guide tells how to install the kernel and the tools on [http://www.debian.org Debian] Etch or Lenny/Squeeze.
-For Squeeze, use the Lenny directions.
-For Wheezy (7.0), use the vzctl package included in wheezy, together with the Wheezy OpenVZ kernels from [http://download.openvz.org/debian/ http://download.openvz.org/debian/].  Alternatively reduced functionality may be possible using the stock Debian Wheezy kernel (based on kernel.org version 3.2) and [[Vzctl_for_upstream_kernel]].
-You may also wish to check the information on [http://wiki.debian.org/OpenVz the Debian wiki].
-For Etch users, this document explains how to partially upgrade to Debian Lenny and install from lenny repositories ('''use this options at your risk''').
 == Requirements ==
 === Filesystems ===
-It's recommended that you use a separate partition for container private
+It is recommended to use a separate partition for VEs private directories (by default /var/lib/vz/private/<veid>). The reason why you should do so is that if you wish to use OpenVZ per-VE disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind, that per-VE quota in this context includes not only pure per-VE quota, but also usual Linux disk quota used in VE, not on [[HN]].
-directories (by default <code>/var/lib/vz/private/<CTID></code>). The reason for this is that if you wish to use the OpenVZ per-container disk quota, you won't be able to use usual Linux disk quotas on the same partition. Bear in mind that "per-container quota" in this context includes not only pure per-container quota but also the usual Linux disk quota used in container, not on the [[HN]].
-At the very least try to avoid using the root partition for containers, because the root user of a container will be able to overcome the 5% disk space barrier in some situations. If the HN root partition is completely filled, it will break the system.
-OpenVZ per-container disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems; therefore it makes sense to use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-container disk quota.
+At least try to avoid using root partition for VEs, because the root user of VE will be able to overcome 5% disk space barrier in some situations. This way HN root partition can be completely filled and it will break the system.
-=== Repository setup (Etch only) ===
+OpenVZ per-VE disk quota is supported only for ext2/ext3 filesystems. So use one of these filesystems (ext3 is recommended) if you need per-VE disk quota.
-'''If you are using Debian Lenny, this step in no longer required. Openvz kernel packages and tools are available on main repository.'''
-==== 1. Using openvz.org repositories ====
+=== Repository setup ===
-At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org:
+At the moment two different repositories are online at http://download.openvz.org  :
-; by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
+* by Ola Lundqvist <opal@debian.org>
-: (OpenVZ kernels only)
+: (OpenVZ Kernels only)
 : apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian
-; by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>
+* by Thorsten Schifferdecker <tsd@debian.systs.org>
 : apt-uri http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs
 : (Mirror of OpenVZ Repository from http://debian.systs.org/)
-{{Note|The next steps use the repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs; the actual OpenVZ Tools for Debian exist only as unstable builds, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}}
+{{Note|The next steps used the Repository at http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs, the actually OpenVZ Tools for Debian are exist only in unstable, see http://packages.debian.org/vzctl}}
-{{Note|By default, on Ubuntu systems root tasks are executed with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}
-This can be done via the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
-<pre>
-# echo -e "\ndeb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-# wget -q http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc -O- | apt-key add - && apt-get update
-</pre>
-==== 2. Using Debian repositories (upgrade to lenny) ====
-There is even a '''lenny''' repository with kernel 2.6.28. '''Use it at your own risk!'''
+{{Note|per default on Ubuntu system, root task are done with [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RootSudo sudo]}}
-Add lenny repositories to your '''/etc/apt/sources.list'''
+This can be achieved by the following commands, as root or as privileged "sudo" user
-<pre>
-deb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian/ testing main
-deb http://DEBIAN-MIRROR/debian-security/ testing/updates main
-</pre>
-Enlarge apt-cache adding to '''/etc/apt/apt.conf''' this line:
-<pre>
-APT::Cache-Limit "100000000";
-</pre>
-Give etch package priority over lenny packages. Edit '''/etc/apt/preferences''' and set like this:
 <pre>
-Package: *
+# [sudo] echo "deb http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs etch openvz" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-Pin: release a=etch
+# wget http://download.openvz.org/debian-systs/dso_archiv_signing_key.asc
-Pin-Priority: 700
+# [sudo] apt-key add dso_archiv_signing_key.asc
+# [sudo] apt-get update
-Package: *
-Pin: release a=lenny
-Pin-Priority: 650
 </pre>
-Then '''apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade''' to upgrade to lenny.
 == Kernel installation ==
-=== Wheezy and Lenny ===
+{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ Kernel (the debian way)]].}}
-{{Note|The best kernel to use is [[Download/kernel/rhel6|RHEL6-based]]. Please see [[Install_kernel_from_RPM_on_Debian_6.0]]}}
-=== Etch ===
-==== 1. Using openvz kernel repositories ====
-{{Note|In case you want to recompile the OpenVZ kernel yourself on Debian, see [[Compiling the OpenVZ kernel (the Debian way)]].}}
 First, you need to choose what kernel you want to install.
@@ Line 93: / Line 46: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with kernel config from http://download.openvz.org'''
-! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
+! kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architektur
 |-
 ! ovzkernel-2.6.18
@@ Line 113: / Line 66: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+'''OpenVZ Kernel list built with official Debian kernel config and OpenVZ Settings'''
-! Kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architecture
+! kernel !! Description !! Hardware !! Debian Architektur
 |-
 ! fzakernel-2.6.18-686
@@ Line 136: / Line 89: @@
 </pre>
-===== Configuring the bootloader =====
+=== Configuring the bootloader ===
 In case GRUB is used as the boot loader, it will be configured automatically, or execute update-grub; lines similar to these will be added to the <tt>/boot/grub/menu.lst</tt> file:
@@ Line 152: / Line 106: @@
 {{Note|per default on debian/ubuntu, a 2.6.22 kernel will boot before a 2.6.18, please check manually the grub boot order. See man update-grub for more details}}
-===== Installing the user-level tools =====
+=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
-OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:
+{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, keep in mind, that your system has all needed modules enabled; booting from your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). May you need a INITRD (initramdisk) or compile needed kernel modules statically in.}}
-; vzctl
+Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.
-: A utility to control OpenVZ containers (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.)
-; vzquota
-: A utility to manage quotas for containers. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).
-<pre>
- # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
-</pre>
-==== 2 Using Debian lenny repositories ====
+== Installing the user-level tools ==
-If you upgrade to lenny, you can search openvz kernel and can install with:
+OpenVZ needs some user-level tools installed. Those are:
-<pre>
-apt-get install linux-image-openvz-686
-</pre>
-this command will install latest kernel and all required packages like:
-<pre>
-apt-get install iproute libatm1 linux-image-2.6.26-1-openvz-686 linux-image-openvz-686 rsync vzctl vzquota libcgroup-dev
-</pre>
-and will arrange grub bootloader properly.
-=== Rebooting into OpenVZ kernel ===
+; vzctl
+:    A utility to control OpenVZ VPSs (create, destroy, start, stop, set parameters etc.)
+; vzquota
+:    A utility to manage quotas for VPSs. Mostly used indirectly (by vzctl).
-{{Warning|Before you restart your Server, verify that your system has all needed modules enabled in order to boot your harddisk (e.g. hardware modules, raid system(s), lvm2 etc). You may need an INITRD (initramdisk) or to compile needed kernel modules statically.}}
-Now reboot the machine and choose the OpenVZ Linux Kernel on the boot loader menu. If the OpenVZ kernel has been booted successfully, proceed to installing the user-level tools for OpenVZ.
-=== Confirm proper installation ===
-. Kernel:
 <pre>
-  # uname -r
+  # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl vzquota
-.6.26-1-openvz-686
- #
-</pre>
-. Openvz kernel facility:
-<pre>
- # ps ax | grep vz
-?        S      0:00 [vzmond]
 </pre>
-. A network interface for containers:
-<pre>
- # ifconfig
- venet0    Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
-           UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1500  Metric:1
-           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
-           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
-           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
-           RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
-</pre>
 == Configuring ==
@@ Line 215: / Line 134: @@
 There are a number of kernel parameters that should be set for OpenVZ to work correctly. These parameters are stored in <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt> file. Here is the relevant part of the file; please edit it accordingly.
-{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automatically inserts these options at the last of <tt>/etc/sysctl.conf</tt>, except for net.ipv4.ip_forward}}
+{{Note|vzctl version from debian-systs, automate changing sysctl options for openvz}}
 <pre>
@@ Line 224: / Line 143: @@
 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
-net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp=0
+net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0
 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
 # Enables source route verification
-net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
+net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
 # Enables the magic-sysrq key
-kernel.sysrq=1
+kernel.sysrq = 1
 # TCP Explict Congestion Notification
-#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0
+#net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0
 # we do not want all our interfaces to send redirects
-net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=1
+net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1
-net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
+net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
 [...]
 </pre>
-  # [sudo] sysctl -p
+{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward compability to Main OpenVZ
+ (Debian vz root directory is installed FHS-like to /var/lib/vz}}
-{{Note|You can make a symlink from /var/lib/vz to /vz as backward
+  # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
-compatibility to OpenVZ as installed in other distributions
-(Debian vz root directory is /var/lib/vz to be FHS-compliant.}}
-  # [sudo] ln -s /var/lib/vz /vz
-=== OS templates ===
+=== VE OS Templates ===
-{{Note|Support of OS templates on 64 bit hosts is somewhat limited for the time being, so that not all tools or features are available - please see [[Making template tools to work on x86_64]] and [[Install OpenVZ on a x86 64 system Centos-Fedora]] for additional details and information on possible workarounds}}
+To install a VE, you need VE OS Template(s), precreated can be found [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here] or create it : [http://wiki.openvz.org/Debian_template_creation Debian] , [http://wiki.openvz.org/Ubuntu_Gutsy_template_creation ubuntu] and all infos about [http://wiki.openvz.org/Category:Templates Templates]
-To install a container, you need OS template(s).
+{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}
-Precreated templates can be found [http://wiki.openvz.org/Download/template/precreated here] and [http://download.openvz.org/contrib/template/precreated/ here].
-You can create your own templates, see
-[[Debian template creation]], [[Ubuntu Gutsy template creation]] and [[:Category: Templates]].
-{{Note|Setup your prefered standard OS Template : edit the /etc/vz/vz.conf}}
+  # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian
-  # [sudo] apt-get install vzctl-ostmpl-debian-5.0-i386-minimal
-== Additional User Tools ==
+== Additial user tools ==
 ; vzprocps
 :    A set of utilities to provide system information (vzps and vztop)
+:
-; [[vzdump]]
+; [http://wiki.openvz.org/Backup_of_a_running_VE_with_vzdump vzdump]
-:    A utility to backup and restore container.
+:    A utility to backup and restore VE.
    # [sudo] apt-get install vzprocps vzdump
-On Debian squeeze, vzdump seems packaged in standard aptline. For lenny, See [[Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump]]
+== Use it! ==
-== Secure it ==
-If you want to secure your container with individual firewall rules (instead or additionally to securing the host node) then you must run iptables inside the container. This works slightly different than on a physical server. So make sure that you check that iptables rules are indeed applied as expected inside the container.
+After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a Minimal VE OS Template create a first VE and
+do some [[Basic operations in OpenVZ environment]] and read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf|doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]] and browse this wiki.
-Iptables modules required by the container must be specified in the general vz.conf file or the vzXXX.conf file of the container.
-Add the following line into vz.conf to activate the respective iptables modules for all containers.
- IPTABLES="ip_tables ipt_REJECT ipt_tos ipt_limit ipt_multiport iptable_filter iptable_mangle ipt_TCPMSS ipt_tcpmss ipt_ttl
- ipt_length ip_conntrack ip_conntrack_ftp ip_conntrack_irc ipt_LOG ipt_conntrack ipt_helper ipt_state iptable_nat ip_nat_ftp ip_nat_irc ipt_TOS"
-[[http://wiki.debian.org/DebianFirewall][Configure]] your iptable rules inside the container.
-{{Warning|Note that iptables rules inside the container are not applied automatically as on a physical server by starting the iptables module! Follow the instructions below}}
-To make sure the iptables rules are applied on a startup/reboot we'll create a new file:
- nano /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
-Add these lines to it:
- #!/bin/bash
- /sbin/iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
-The file needs to be executable so change the permissions:
- chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables
-Start iptables
- /etc/init.d/iptables start
-If the startup shows errors then you have probably not activated the needed iptables modules. See above.
-Check inside the container that your iptables rules are indeed applied:
- iptables -L
-If the rules do not show up as you would expect on a physical server then you might not have activated the needed iptables modules.
-== Start it! ==
- # [sudo] /etc/init.d/vz start
-This does not make the vz system automatically start at boot time.  For automatic start:
- # [sudo] update-rc.d vz defaults 98
-== Use it! ==
-After installing the OpenVZ kernel, user tools and a minimal OS template
-to create a first container and do some [[basic operations in OpenVZ environment]]. Read the [[download:doc/OpenVZ-Users-Guide.pdf]], browse this wiki.
 [[Category: HOWTO]]
-[[Category: Debian]]
 [[Category: Installation]]