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| | With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions. | | With OpenVZ, you can run many different Linux distributions on a single box. One particular thing in which distributions differ is package management. This article summarizes how to perform various common package management tasks on a different distributions. |
| | | | |
| − | == Commands ==
| |
| | {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| | ! align="center" | Action | | ! align="center" | Action |
| − | ! RPM<br/><small>RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, SUSE, ...</small> | + | ! RPM<br/><small>RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Mandrake, ...</small> |
| − | ! DEB<br/><small>Debian, Knoppix, Ubuntu, ...</small> | + | ! DEB<br/><small>Debian, Ubuntu</small> |
| − | ! Ebuild<br/><small>Gentoo and derivatives (Sabayon, Ututo, ...)</small> | + | ! Ebuild<br/><small>Gentoo, Sabayon</small> |
| − | ! Pacman<br/><small>Arch Linux</small>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Basic queries'''</big>
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | '''Basic queries''' |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! List of all installed packages | | ! List of all installed packages |
| | || <code>rpm -qa</code> | | || <code>rpm -qa</code> |
| | || <code>dpkg -l</code> | | || <code>dpkg -l</code> |
| − | || <code>equery list '*'</code> | + | || <code>equery list</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Q</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! List of installed packages matching ''substr'' | + | ! List of installing packages matching ''substr'' |
| | || <code>rpm -qa ''\*substr\*''</code> | | || <code>rpm -qa ''\*substr\*''</code> |
| | || <code>dpkg -l ''\*substr\*''</code> | | || <code>dpkg -l ''\*substr\*''</code> |
| | || <code>equery list ''substr''</code> | | || <code>equery list ''substr''</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Q | grep ''substr''</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! Basic information about an installed ''package'' | | ! Basic information about an installed ''package'' |
| | || <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code> | | || <code>rpm -qi ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>dpkg -s ''package''</code> | + | || <code>dpkg -p ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>eix ''package''</code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Qi ''package''</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! List of files in a given ''package'' | | ! List of files in a given ''package'' |
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| | || <code>dpkg -L ''package''</code> | | || <code>dpkg -L ''package''</code> |
| | || <code>equery files ''package''</code> | | || <code>equery files ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Ql ''package''</code>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Advanced queries'''</big>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! Which package a ''file'' belongs to? | | ! Which package a ''file'' belongs to? |
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| | || <code>dpkg -S ''file''</code> | | || <code>dpkg -S ''file''</code> |
| | || <code>equery belongs ''file''</code> | | || <code>equery belongs ''file''</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Qo ''file''</code>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Check the hash (i.e. MD5 etc.) sums of an installed package
| |
| − | || <code>rpm -V ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>debsums -ca ''package''</code>
| |
| − | || <code>equery check ''package''</code>
| |
| − | ||
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Show pre/post install/uninstall scripts from a ''package''
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| − | || <code>rpm -q --scripts ''package''</code>
| |
| − | || <code>less /var/lib/dpkg/info/''package''.{pre,post,config}*</code>
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| − | || <code>cat `equery which ''package''`</code>
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| − | ||
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Show change log for a ''package''
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| − | || <code>rpm -q --changelog ''package''</code>
| |
| − | || <code>zcat /usr/share/doc/''package''/changelog.Debian.gz</code><br/><code>aptitude [-t release] changelog ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>view /usr/portage/''category''/''package''/ChangeLog</code>
| |
| − | || <code>pacman -Qc ''package''</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Local package installation/upgrade/removal'''</big>
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | '''Local package installation/upgrade/removal''' |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! Install a package from local ''package_file'' | | ! Install a package from local ''package_file'' |
| | || <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code> | | || <code>rpm -ihv ''package_file*.rpm''<br/>yum localinstall ''package_file*.rpm''<ref name="localinstall">In case there are unsatisfied dependencies for ''package_file'', yum will try to get and install it from known repositores.</ref></code> |
| − | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all its dependencies</ref></code> | + | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt">Usually it is not necessary to download packages manually and install them. Use apt-cache search ''name'' to search for package in configured repositories and apt-get install ''package'' to install package and all it's dependencies</ref></code> |
| − | || <code>emerge --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise emerge from source as usual.</ref></code><br/><code>emerge --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly">Use a binary package if it is available from $PKGDIR, otherwise abort.</ref></code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -U ''package''</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! Upgrade a package from local ''package_file'' | | ! Upgrade a package from local ''package_file'' |
| | || <code>rpm -Uhv ''package_file*.rpm''</code> | | || <code>rpm -Uhv ''package_file*.rpm''</code> |
| | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt"/></code> | | || <code>dpkg -i ''package_file*.deb'' <ref name="apt"/></code> |
| − | || <code>emerge --update --usepkg|-k ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkg"/></code><br/> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | <code>emerge --update --usepkgonly|-K ''package''<ref name="emerge-usepkgonly"/></code>
| |
| − | || <code>pacman -U ''package''</code>
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| | |- | | |- |
| | ! Remove an installed ''package'' | | ! Remove an installed ''package'' |
| − | || <code>rpm -e ''package''</code><br/> | + | || <code>rpm -e ''package''</code> |
| − | <code>yum remove|erase ''package''<ref name="yum-remove">This will also remove any packages which depend on the ''package''</ref></code>
| + | || <code>dpkg -r ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>dpkg -r ''package''</code><br/> | |
| − | <code>dpkg -P ''package''</code>
| |
| | || <code>emerge --unmerge ''package''</code><br/> | | || <code>emerge --unmerge ''package''</code><br/> |
| | <code>emerge --prune ''package''</code> | | <code>emerge --prune ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -R ''package''</code>
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Package installation from repositories'''</big>
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Install a ''package''
| |
| − | || <code>yum install ''package''</code><br/>
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| − | <code>urpmi ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>apt-get update && apt-get install ''package''</code><br/>
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| − | <code>aptitude update && aptitude install ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>emerge -av ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>pacman -S ''package''</code>
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Install a debug information files for a ''package''
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| − | || <code>debuginfo-install ''package''</code>
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| − | ||
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| − | || <code>FEATURES="splitdebug installsources" emerge -av ''package''</code>
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| − | ||
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| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! Only download a ''package'' from repository, do not install
| + | | colspan="4" align="center" | '''Get information about package interdependencies''' |
| − | || First install the yum-downloadonly plugin by running: <br/><code>yum install yum-downloadonly</code><br/> And then: <br/> <code>yum install|update ''package'' -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/opt</code>
| |
| − | || <code>apt-get install --download-only --reinstall ''package''</code><ref name="dpkgdir">Package will reside in /var/cache/apt/archives.</ref><br/><code>aptitude download ''package''</code>
| |
| − | || <code>emerge -avf ''package''</code><ref name="distfiles">Package sources will reside in /usr/portage/distfiles.</ref>
| |
| − | || <code>pacman -Sw ''package''</code>
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| − | |- | |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Get information about package interdependencies'''</big>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! What a given ''package'' provides? | | ! What a given ''package'' provides? |
| | || <code>rpm -q --provides ''package''</code> | | || <code>rpm -q --provides ''package''</code> |
| | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' ''package''</code> | | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Provides}\n' ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>equery files ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Ql ''package'' (package must be installed first)</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| | ! What a given ''package'' requires? | | ! What a given ''package'' requires? |
| − | || <code>rpm -q --requires ''package''</code> | + | || <code>rpm -q --provides ''package''</code> |
| | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' ''package''</code> | | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Depends}\n' ''package''</code> |
| − | || <code>equery depgraph --depth=1 ''package''</code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! Which installed package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>? | + | ! What package(s) provide a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep">In rpm world, a ''dependency'' can be a package name, a file, or a special atom like <code>perl(IO::Zlib)</code> for a perl module. In deb world, this can be either real or virtual package name.</ref>? |
| | || <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code> | | || <code>rpm -q --whatprovides ''dependency''</code> |
| − | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Provides}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''dependency''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>equery belongs ''dependency''</code> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | ||
| |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! Which installed package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>? | + | ! What package(s) require a given ''dependency''<ref name="dep"/>? |
| | || <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code> | | || <code>rpm -q --whatrequires ''dependency''</code> |
| − | || <code>dpkg-query -W -f='${Package}: ${Depends}\n' '*' | grep ': .*''package''<nowiki>'</nowiki></code><br><code>aptitude why ''package''</code><ref name="why">Actualy shows the whole dpendency situation that leads to install this package</ref> | + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>equery depends ''package''</code>
| + | || <code>-???-</code> |
| − | || <code>pacman -Qi ''package'' | grep Required</code>
| |
| − | ||
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Show what prevents installation of a package
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| − | || <code>(yum/rpm tells with --verbose option -v)</code>
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| − | || <code>aptitude why-not ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>emerge -pv ''package''</code>
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| − | ||
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Get package source files
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| − | || <code>yumdownloader --source ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>apt-get source ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>abs ''repository''/''package''</code>
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Working with package files'''</big>
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Unpack a package ''file'' to local directory
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| − | || <code>rpm2cpio ''file.rpm'' | cpio -id</code>
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| − | || <code>dpkg -x / --extract ''file.deb'' .</code>
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| − | || N/A
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| − | || <code>tar -xzf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.gz or<br/><code>tar -xJf ''package''</code> if ''package''.pkg.tar.xz
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Check package file integrity (checksums, signatures...)
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| − | || <code>rpm -K ''file.rpm''</code><br/>(yum/rpm also checks GPG-signature and checksums automatically every time the package is installed or upgraded)
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| − | || <code>debsums ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>emerge -f ''package''</code>
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| − | ||
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Show package metadata
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| − | || <code>rpm -qip ''file.rpm''</code>
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| − | || <code>dpkg -I / --info ''file.deb''</code>
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| − | || N/A
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| − | || ??
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Show package file list
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| − | || <code>rpm -qlvp ''file.rpm''</code>
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| − | || <code>dpkg -c / --contents ''file.deb''</code> | |
| − | || N/A
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| − | || ??
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="5" align="center" | <big>'''Repository queries'''</big>
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Find a package in a repository which <code>/some/file</code> belongs to
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| − | || <code>yum provides ''/some/file''</code>
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| − | || First run: <br/><code>apt-file update</code><br/>and then:<br/><code>apt-file search ''/some/file''</code>
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| − | || N/A
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| − | ||
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Find a package based on some string or part of the string describing it
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| − | || <code>yum search ''\*substr\*''</code>
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| − | || <code>apt-cache search ''\*substr\*''</code>
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| − | || <code>eix -S ''substr''</code>
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| − | || <code>pacman -Ss ''substr''</code>
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Shows the full description of ''package''
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| − | || <code>yum info ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>apt-cache show ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>eix ''package''</code>
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| − | || <code>pacman -Si ''package''</code>
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| | |} | | |} |
| | | | |
| − | == Relevant directories and files ==
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| − |
| |
| − | === Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS ===
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| − |
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| − | * yum config: <code>/etc/yum.conf</code>.
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| − | * yum repos: <code>/etc/yum.repos.d/</code>.
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| − | * rpm configs and macros: <code>/etc/rpm/</code>, <code>/usr/lib/rpm/</code>,
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| − | * rpm DB: <code>/var/lib/rpm/</code>
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| − |
| |
| − | === Debian/Ubuntu ===
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| − |
| |
| − | * List of repositories and mirror sites: <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>, <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/</code>.
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| − |
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| − | === Gentoo ===
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| − |
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| − | * emerge configs: <code>/etc/make.conf</code>, <code>/etc/portage/</code>.
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| − | * Portage tree: <code>/usr/portage</code>.
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| − | * Binary packages (FEATURES="buildpkg" enabled in make.conf): <code>/usr/portage/packages</code>.
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| − | * Default directory to download sources to: <code>/usr/portage/distfiles</code>.
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| − | * Default Portage working directory: <code>/var/lib/portage/</code>.
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| − |
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| − | == Notes==
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| | <references/> | | <references/> |
| − |
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | === Debian ===
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| − | * [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkgtools.en.html Debian FAQ: package management tools]
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| − | * [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ APT HOWTO]
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| − |
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| − | [[Category: HOWTO]]
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| − | [[Category: Templates]]
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| − | [[Category: Debian]]
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| − | [[Category: Ubuntu]]
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| − | [[Category: Gentoo]]
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