Difference between revisions of "Virtual network device"

From OpenVZ Virtuozzo Containers Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
(Adding a new chapter: limitations)
(Adding IP address to a container)
 
(14 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Virtual network device (<code>venet</code>) is the default network device for a [[container]]. This network device looks like a point-to-point connection between [[container]] and the [[CT0|host system]]. It does packet switching based on IP header. This is a default network device for container (an alternative is [[veth]] device).
+
Virtual network device (<code>venet</code>) is the default network device for a [[container]]. Due to [[w:Network_Layer|Layer 3]] employed by OpenVZ's venet, this network device looks like a point-to-point connection between [[container]] and the [[CT0|host system]]. It does packet switching based on IP header. This is a default network device for container (an alternative is [[veth]] device).
  
 
Venet drop ip-packets '''from''' the container with a source address, and '''in''' the container with the destination address, which is not corresponding to an ip-address of the container.
 
Venet drop ip-packets '''from''' the container with a source address, and '''in''' the container with the destination address, which is not corresponding to an ip-address of the container.
Line 24: Line 24:
 
vzctl set <CTID> --ipadd <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]
 
vzctl set <CTID> --ipadd <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
 +
Address can optionally have a netmask specified in the CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.2.3/25).
  
 
{{Note|This option is incremental, so IP addresses are added to already existing ones.}}
 
{{Note|This option is incremental, so IP addresses are added to already existing ones.}}
Line 29: Line 31:
 
==== Example ====
 
==== Example ====
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
vzctl set 101 --ipadd 10.0.0.1 --save
+
vzctl set 101 --ipadd 10.0.0.1 --save
 +
vzctl set 101 --ipadd fd00::101 --save
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be added to container 101 and IP configuration will be saved to a container configuration file.
 
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be added to container 101 and IP configuration will be saved to a container configuration file.
Line 42: Line 45:
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
vzctl set 101 --ipdel 10.0.0.1
 
vzctl set 101 --ipdel 10.0.0.1
 +
vzctl set 101 --ipdel fd00::101
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be removed from container 101, but IP configuration will not be changed in container config file. And after container reboot IP address 10.0.0.1 will be assigned to this container again.
 
After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be removed from container 101, but IP configuration will not be changed in container config file. And after container reboot IP address 10.0.0.1 will be assigned to this container again.
  
== Sysctl ==
+
== Specific aspects of venet network device ==
  
You will need to configure some sysctl parameters to get your venet devices working.
+
{{Note|If you require a feature which venet is lacking (from the list below), please consider using [[veth]] device (which have [[w:Data_Link_Layer|layer 2]] support.)}}
Please have a look at the [[Installation_on_Debian#sysctl]] section.
 
  
== IPv6 ==
+
=== No [[w:Address_Resolution_Protocol|ARP]] protocol support ===
 +
Venet network device is explicitly NOARP, so there is no MAC address.
 +
Consequently, it's not possible to make broadcasts inside a [[container]], so software like Samba server or DHCP server will not function (under a container with a venet network device).
  
To setup IPv6 networking with venet you'll need to enable the following in your sysctl.conf:
+
=== No [[w:Network_bridge|bridge]] support ===
 
+
Venet network device cannot be bridged together and/or with other devices.
<code>
 
    # IPv6 Packet Forwarding and Proxy NDP
 
    net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
 
    net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding    = 1
 
    net.ipv6.conf.default.proxy_ndp = 1
 
    net.ipv6.conf.all.proxy_ndp = 1
 
</code>
 
  
 +
=== No possiblity to assign an IP from the CT ===
 +
With venet device, only OpenVZ [[hardware node]] administrator can assign an IP address to a [[container]].
  
 +
=== Limited packet sniffing support ===
 +
Some applications using libpcap and similar packages will report an error.
  
In IPv6 you can't control forwarding per device, forwarding control has to take place in ip6tables, so all interfaces will forward IPv6 traffic.  
+
=== No full support of IPv6 stack ===
 +
venet devices are not fully IPv6 compliant. They do not properly support MAC addresses and consequently link local addresses and can not play nice with neighbor discovery or router advertisements, router discovery, or auto-conf. They also require additional modifications to the layer 3 forwarding behaviour of the host via sysctl, to get your venet devices working.
 +
Please have a look at the [[Quick installation#sysctl]] section.
  
If you enable IPv6 forwarding for your interfaces, Linux assumes your host to act like a router and will ignore 'Router Advertisments'
+
veth devices do require iptables and ip6tables exceptions on the host for each VE address.  
(see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbor_Discovery_Protocol Neighbor Discovery Protocol] or [http://mirrors.bieringer.de/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/proc-sys-net-ipv6.html Linux IPv6 Howto]).
 
  
You will as well need to configure a new v6 default gateway for your host:
+
You'll need to use the veth bridging device if you want full IPv6 compliance. See the [[VEs and HNs in same subnets]] article for an example.
 
 
<code>
 
    ip addr add 2620:0:2d0:1::193/64 dev eth0
 
    route -6 add default gw 2620:0:2d0:1::1
 
</code>
 
 
 
You can add these commands to your existing network configuration on Debian/Linux:
 
 
 
<code>
 
    iface eth0 inet static
 
        address 64.131.90.7
 
        netmask 255.255.255.240
 
        network 64.131.90.0
 
        broadcast 64.131.90.15
 
        gateway 64.131.90.1
 
        up  ip addr add 2620:0:2d0:1::193/64 dev eth0
 
        up  route -6 add default gw 2620:0:2d0:1::1
 
        down ip addr del 3620:0:2d0:1::193/64 dev eth0
 
</code>
 
== Limitations ==
 
=== No [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol ARP] protocol support ===
 
Venet network device is explicitly NOARP, so there is no MAC address.
 
Consequently, it's not possible to make broadcasts inside a [[CT|container]], so software like Samba server or DHCP server, will not function (under a container with a venet network device).<br />
 
Please consider use of [[veth]] network device if you need this feature
 
 
 
=== No bridge support ===
 
Venet network device cannot be bridged together and/or with other devices.<br />
 
Please consider use of [[veth]] network device if you need this feature
 
 
 
=== No possiblity to assign an IP from the CT ===
 
With venet device, only OpenVZ [[Hardware_Node|hardware node]] administrator can assign an IP address to a [[CT|container]].<br />
 
Please consider use of [[veth]] network device if you need this feature
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 16:59, 10 February 2013

Virtual network device (venet) is the default network device for a container. Due to Layer 3 employed by OpenVZ's venet, this network device looks like a point-to-point connection between container and the host system. It does packet switching based on IP header. This is a default network device for container (an alternative is veth device).

Venet drop ip-packets from the container with a source address, and in the container with the destination address, which is not corresponding to an ip-address of the container.

Venet device is created automatically on container start. Vzctl scripts set up an appropriate IP address and other settings on venet inside a container.

Usage[edit]

Kernel module[edit]

First of all, check that vznetdev module is loaded:

# lsmod | grep vznetdev

If it is not, load the module:

# modprobe vznetdev

You might want to check /etc/init.d/vz script to make sure the module gets loaded during startup.

Adding IP address to a container[edit]

vzctl set <CTID> --ipadd <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]

Address can optionally have a netmask specified in the CIDR notation (e.g. 10.1.2.3/25).

Yellowpin.svg Note: This option is incremental, so IP addresses are added to already existing ones.

Example[edit]

vzctl set 101 --ipadd 10.0.0.1  --save
vzctl set 101 --ipadd fd00::101 --save

After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be added to container 101 and IP configuration will be saved to a container configuration file.

Removing IP address from a container[edit]

vzctl set <CTID> --ipdel <IP1>[,<IP2>,...] [--save]
vzctl set <CTID> --ipdel all [--save]

Example[edit]

vzctl set 101 --ipdel 10.0.0.1
vzctl set 101 --ipdel fd00::101

After executing this command IP address 10.0.0.1 will be removed from container 101, but IP configuration will not be changed in container config file. And after container reboot IP address 10.0.0.1 will be assigned to this container again.

Specific aspects of venet network device[edit]

Yellowpin.svg Note: If you require a feature which venet is lacking (from the list below), please consider using veth device (which have layer 2 support.)

No ARP protocol support[edit]

Venet network device is explicitly NOARP, so there is no MAC address. Consequently, it's not possible to make broadcasts inside a container, so software like Samba server or DHCP server will not function (under a container with a venet network device).

No bridge support[edit]

Venet network device cannot be bridged together and/or with other devices.

No possiblity to assign an IP from the CT[edit]

With venet device, only OpenVZ hardware node administrator can assign an IP address to a container.

Limited packet sniffing support[edit]

Some applications using libpcap and similar packages will report an error.

No full support of IPv6 stack[edit]

venet devices are not fully IPv6 compliant. They do not properly support MAC addresses and consequently link local addresses and can not play nice with neighbor discovery or router advertisements, router discovery, or auto-conf. They also require additional modifications to the layer 3 forwarding behaviour of the host via sysctl, to get your venet devices working. Please have a look at the Quick installation#sysctl section.

veth devices do require iptables and ip6tables exceptions on the host for each VE address.

You'll need to use the veth bridging device if you want full IPv6 compliance. See the VEs and HNs in same subnets article for an example.

See also[edit]