Bind mounts

Recent Linux kernels support an operation called 'bind mounting' which makes part of a mounted filesystem visible at some other mount point. See 'man bind' for more information.

Bind mounts can be used to make directories on the hardware node visible to the container.

OpenVZ uses two directories. Assuming our container is numbered 777, these directories are:

$VZROOT/private/777
$VZROOT/root/777

Note: $VZROOT is usually /vz, on Debian systems however this is /var/lib/vz. In this document this is further referred to as $VZROOT -- substitute it with what you have.

The $VZROOT/private directory contains root directory contents. This directory or subdirectory may be symlinked onto a different file system, for example:

 $VZROOT/private -> /mnt/openvz

Requirement

On the HN we have a directory /home which we wish to make available (shared) to all containers.

You would think that you could bind mount this directory, as in: mount --bind /home $VZROOT/private/777/home but this does not work — the contents of /home cannot be seen within the container.

This is where the second directory listed above ($VZROOT/root/777) is used. If a container is not started, this directory is empty. But after starting a container, this directory contains what the container sees as its mounted file systems.

The correct command to issue on the HN is:

 mount --bind /home $VZROOT/root/777/home

The container must be started and the destination directory must exist. The container will see this directory mounted like this:

# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
simfs                 10485760    298728  10187032   3% /
tmpfs                   484712         0    484712   0% /lib/init/rw
tmpfs                   484712         0    484712   0% /dev/shm
ext3                 117662052 104510764   7174408  94% /home

Read-only bind mounts

Since Linux kernel 2.6.26, bind mounts can be made read-only. The trick is to first mount as usual, and then do remount (i.e. mount with -o remount,ro flags).

See also

• NFS
• FUSE
• Mounting filesystems